Pharmacological Investigation of the Nature of the Innervation of the Muscles of Helix Aspersa

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
JAS D. P. GRAHAM ◽  
R. ST A. HEATHCOTE
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
Pharmacological Investigation ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic

The isolated columellar muscle of Helix aspersa is caused to contract by addition to it of ephedrine, adrenaline, veratrine, Ba++ and acetylcholine. Adrenaline and acetylcholine are active in concentrations of 10-6 or less. The action of acetylcholine is potentiated by eserine and abolished by atropine, but not by curare, indicating a muscarinic cholinergic innervation of this muscle. The heart muscle is sensitive to sympathornimetic substances only. The muscle of the alimentary canal is insensitive to drugs.

Epithelial modulation of tracheal smooth muscle response to antigenic stimulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1449-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Frossard ◽  
F. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
One Step ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rat Trachea

The role of the epithelium has been studied in the contractile responses of rat trachea. The different modulations observed are discussed in respect to vagal components of the epithelial layer. Responses of rat trachea to immunologic stimulation are shown to be dependent on the presence of the epithelium, which prolongs the relaxation stage without affecting the contractions. This prolongation is abolished by neonatal capsaicin pretreatment, whereas substance P induces a significantly greater relaxation of serotonin-precontracted intact than deepithelialized trachea. Serotonin concentration-response curves are shifted to the right in intact preparations, which is partly reversed by neonatal capsaicin pretreatment, but a hyporeactivity of the tissue exists. A relaxing factor released by the epithelium is hypothesized, possibly dependent on substance P-ergic innervation. Muscarinic cholinergic innervation slightly modulates the contractions but not the relaxations in antigen-induced responses, independently on the presence of the epithelial layer. 4-Aminopyridine induces epithelium-dependent potentiations of contractions to antigen and to serotonin, which involves acetylcholine at one step of the reaction cascade. Epithelial-dependent contracting and relaxing factors are thus suggested in rat trachea.

Morphology and behaviour of the benthic larva of Arenicola cristata (Polychaeta)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan R. Marsden ◽  
T. Lacalli
Keyword(s):  
Small Region ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Arenicola Cristata ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles

The structure of the three-setiger larva of Arenicola cristata is described with emphasis on the ultrastructure of the apical region, particularly the nervous and muscular systems, and ciliated and glandular cells. At least one population of well-differentiated nerve cell bodies can be identified in the cerebral ganglia, and these are filled with dense-cored vesicles. Processes apparently derived from these cells, containing both dense-cored and clear vesicles, are found throughout the cerebral commissure and circumesophageal connectives. Nerve terminals are restricted to a single small region along each of the two ventrolateral longitudinal muscles. Most of the terminals contain predominantly one or the other of the two vesicle types, but some terminals appear to contain both. Normal behaviour involves control of both muscular and ciliary activities. Experiments with drugs indicate a muscarinic cholinergic innervation of muscle, but we have found neither pharmacological nor structural evidence for a mechanism controlling ciliary activity. Preliminary observations suggest the presence of biogenic amines exhibiting specific fluorescence and a relationship between serotonin and the secretion of mucus.

The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Anton Bózner ◽  
Mikuláš Gažo ◽  
Jozef Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of Sideritis montana L.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Tóth ◽  
N Kúsz ◽  
N Bózsity ◽  
I Zupkó ◽  
V Csizmadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Investigation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document