scholarly journals Myogenic contractions of a somatic muscle powers rhythmic flow of hemolymph through Drosophila antennae and generates brain pulsations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Kay ◽  
Daniel F. Eberl ◽  
Jing W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Interstitial Space ◽  
Rhythmic Contraction ◽  
Somatic Muscle ◽  
Rapid Perfusion ◽  
The Brain

Hemolymph is driven through the antennae of Drosophila melanogaster by the rhythmic contraction of muscle 16 (m16), which runs through the brain. Contraction of m16 results in the expansion of an elastic ampulla, opening ostia and filling the ampulla. Relaxation of the ampullary membrane forces hemolymph through vessels into the antennae. We show that m16 is an auto-active rhythmic somatic muscle. The activity of m16 leads to the rapid perfusion of the antenna by hemolymph. In addition, it leads to the rhythmic agitation of the brain, which could be important for clearing the interstitial space.

scholarly journals Correction: The Nutrient-Responsive Hormone CCHamide-2 Controls Growth by Regulating Insulin-like Peptides in the Brain of Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e1005481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Sano ◽  
Akira Nakamura ◽  
Michael J. Texada ◽  
James W. Truman ◽  
Hiroshi Ishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
The Brain

The development of the sensory neuron pattern in the antennal disc of wild-type and mutant (lz3, ssa) Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1075
Author(s):  
M.C. Lienhard ◽  
R.F. Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sensory Neuron ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Homeotic Mutant ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Antennal Disc ◽  
Antennal Nerve

The development of the sensory neuron pattern in the antennal disc of Drosophila melanogaster was studied with a neuron-specific monoclonal antibody (22C10). In the wild type, the earliest neurons become visible 3 h after pupariation, much later than in other imaginal discs. They lie in the center of the disc and correspond to the neurons of the adult aristal sensillum. Their axons join the larval antennal nerve and seem to establish the first connection towards the brain. Later on, three clusters of neurons appear in the periphery of the disc. Two of them most likely give rise to the Johnston's organ in the second antennal segment. Neurons of the olfactory third antennal segment are formed only after eversion of the antennal disc (clusters t1-t3). The adult pattern of antennal neurons is established at about 27% of metamorphosis. In the mutant lozenge3 (lz3), which lacks basiconic antennal sensilla, cluster t3 fails to develop. This indicates that, in the wild type, a homogeneous group of basiconic sensilla is formed by cluster t3. The possible role of the lozenge gene in sensillar determination is discussed. The homeotic mutant spineless-aristapedia (ssa) transforms the arista into a leg-like tarsus. Unlike leg discs, neurons are missing in the larval antennal disc of ssa. However, the first neurons differentiate earlier than in normal antennal discs. Despite these changes, the pattern of afferents in the ectopic tarsus appears leg specific, whereas in the non-transformed antennal segments a normal antennal pattern is formed. This suggests that neither larval leg neurons nor early aristal neurons are essential for the outgrowth of subsequent afferents.

scholarly journals Serine metabolism in the brain regulates starvation-induced sleep suppression in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (27) ◽  
pp. 7129-7134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Young Sonn ◽  
Jongbin Lee ◽  
Min Kyung Sung ◽  
Hwajung Ri ◽  
Jung Kyoon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Hypomorphic Mutation ◽  
Cholinergic Signaling ◽  
Sleep Behaviors ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Serine Biosynthesis ◽  
Serine Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Mutants

Sleep and metabolism are physiologically and behaviorally intertwined; however, the molecular basis for their interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a serine metabolic pathway as a key mediator for starvation-induced sleep suppression. Transcriptome analyses revealed that enzymes involved in serine biosynthesis were induced upon starvation in Drosophila melanogaster brains. Genetic mutants of astray (aay), a fly homolog of the rate-limiting phosphoserine phosphatase in serine biosynthesis, displayed reduced starvation-induced sleep suppression. In contrast, a hypomorphic mutation in a serine/threonine-metabolizing enzyme, serine/threonine dehydratase (stdh), exaggerated starvation-induced sleep suppression. Analyses of double mutants indicated that aay and stdh act on the same genetic pathway to titrate serine levels in the head as well as to adjust starvation-induced sleep behaviors. RNA interference-mediated depletion of aay expression in neurons, using cholinergic Gal4 drivers, phenocopied aay mutants, while a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist selectively rescued the exaggerated starvation-induced sleep suppression in stdh mutants. Taken together, these data demonstrate that neural serine metabolism controls sleep during starvation, possibly via cholinergic signaling. We propose that animals have evolved a sleep-regulatory mechanism that reprograms amino acid metabolism for adaptive sleep behaviors in response to metabolic needs.

Localization of serotonin/tryptophan-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of Drosophila melanogaster

2010 ◽  
Vol 340 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexiang Bao ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Jinbei Zhang ◽  
Ting Yan ◽  
Weiping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Characterizing dopaminergic neuron vulnerability using Genome-wide analysis

Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta Davis ◽  
Claire Da Silva Santos ◽  
Narda Caudillo Zavala ◽  
Nicholas Gans ◽  
Daniel Patracuolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron ◽  
Reference Panel ◽  
Functional Validation ◽  
Mutant Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is primarily characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the brain. However, little is known about why DA neurons are selectively vulnerable to PD. To identify genes that are associated with DA neuron loss, we screened through 201 wild-caught populations of Drosophila melanogaster as part of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Here we identify the top associated genes containing SNPs that render DA neurons vulnerable. These genes were further analyzed by using mutant analysis and tissue-specific knockdown for functional validation. We found that this loss of DA neurons caused progressive locomotor dysfunction in mutants and gene knockdown analysis. The identification of genes associated with the progressive loss of DA neurons should help to uncover factors that render these neurons vulnerable in PD, and possibly develop strategies to make these neurons more resilient.

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