A cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel in the brain regulates olfactory modulation through neuropeptide F in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sion Lee ◽  
Walton D. Jones ◽  
Do‐Hyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotide ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Gated Channel ◽  
Neuropeptide F ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Isoflurane reduces feedback in the fruit fly brain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dror Cohen ◽  
Bruno van Swinderen ◽  
Naotsugu Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Feedback Pathways

AbstractHierarchically organized brains communicate through feedforward and feedback pathways. In mammals, feedforward and feedback are mediated by higher and lower frequencies during wakefulness. Feedback is preferentially impaired by general anesthetics. This suggests feedback serves critical functions in waking brains. The brain of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is also hierarchically organized, but the presence of feedback in these brains is not established. Here we studied feedback in the fruit fly brain, by simultaneously recording local field potentials (LFPs) from low-order peripheral structures and higher-order central structures. Directed connectivity analysis revealed that low frequencies (0.1-5Hz) mediated feedback from the center to the periphery, while higher frequencies (10-45Hz) mediated feedforward in the opposite direction. Further, isoflurane anesthesia preferentially reduced feedback. Our results imply that similar spectral characteristics of feedforward and feedback may be a signature of hierarchically organized brains and that general anesthetics may induce unresponsiveness by targeting the mechanisms that support feedback.

scholarly journals The sugar-responsive enteroendocrine neuropeptide F regulates lipid metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Yoshinari ◽  
Hina Kosakamoto ◽  
Takumi Kamiyama ◽  
Ryo Hoshino ◽  
Rena Matsuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cell ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
Neuropeptide F ◽  
Peptide Secretion

AbstractThe enteroendocrine cell (EEC)-derived incretins play a pivotal role in regulating the secretion of glucagon and insulins in mammals. Although glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones have been found across animal phyla, incretin-like EEC-derived hormones have not yet been characterised in invertebrates. Here, we show that the midgut-derived hormone, neuropeptide F (NPF), acts as the sugar-responsive, incretin-like hormone in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Secreted NPF is received by NPF receptor in the corpora cardiaca and in insulin-producing cells. NPF-NPFR signalling resulted in the suppression of the glucagon-like hormone production and the enhancement of the insulin-like peptide secretion, eventually promoting lipid anabolism. Similar to the loss of incretin function in mammals, loss of midgut NPF led to significant metabolic dysfunction, accompanied by lipodystrophy, hyperphagia, and hypoglycaemia. These results suggest that enteroendocrine hormones regulate sugar-dependent metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones not only in mammals but also in insects.

scholarly journals Light input pathways to the circadian clock of insects with an emphasis on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Central Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Light Input

Abstract Light is the most important Zeitgeber for entraining animal activity rhythms to the 24-h day. In all animals, the eyes are the main visual organs that are not only responsible for motion and colour (image) vision, but also transfer light information to the circadian clock in the brain. The way in which light entrains the circadian clock appears, however, variable in different species. As do vertebrates, insects possess extraretinal photoreceptors in addition to their eyes (and ocelli) that are sometimes located close to (underneath) the eyes, but sometimes even in the central brain. These extraretinal photoreceptors contribute to entrainment of their circadian clocks to different degrees. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is special, because it expresses the blue light-sensitive cryptochrome (CRY) directly in its circadian clock neurons, and CRY is usually regarded as the fly’s main circadian photoreceptor. Nevertheless, recent studies show that the retinal and extraretinal eyes transfer light information to almost every clock neuron and that the eyes are similarly important for entraining the fly’s activity rhythm as in other insects, or more generally spoken in other animals. Here, I compare the light input pathways between selected insect species with a focus on Drosophila’s special case.

Organization of endogenous clocks in insects

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Helfrich-Förster
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Rhythm Generation ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Master Clock

Insect and mammalian circadian clocks show striking similarities. They utilize homologous clock genes, generating self-sustained circadian oscillations in distinct master clocks of the brain, which then control rhythmic behaviour. The molecular mechanisms of rhythm generation were first uncovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, whereas cockroaches were among the first animals where the brain master clock was localized. Despite many similarities, there exist obvious differences in the organization and functioning of insect master clocks. These similarities and differences are reviewed on a molecular and anatomical level.

Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated channel proteins as emerging new targets in neuropathic pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-649
Author(s):  
Jin-Ting He ◽  
Xiao-Yan Li ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Xiaoliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotide ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Hcn Channels ◽  
Gated Channel ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are activated during hyperpolarization, and there is an inward flow of current, which is termed as hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih. Initially, these channels were identified on the pacemaker cells of the heart. Nowadays, these are identified on different regions of the nervous system, including peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia, dorsal horns, and different parts of the brain. There are four different types of HCN channels (HCN1–HCN4); however, HCN1 and HCN2 are more prominent. A large number of studies have shown that peripheral nerve injury increases the amplitude of Ih current in the neurons of the spinal cord and the brain. Moreover, there is an increase in the expression of HCN1 and HCN2 protein channels in peripheral axons and the spinal cord and brain regions in experimental models of nerve injury. Studies have also documented the pain-attenuating actions of selective HCN inhibitors, such as ivabradine and ZD7288. Moreover, certain drugs with additional HCN-blocking activities have also shown pain-attenuating actions in different pain models. There have been few studies documenting the relationship of HCN channels with other mediators of pain. Nevertheless, it may be proposed that the HCN channel activity is modulated by endogenous opioids and cyclo-oxygenase-2, whereas the activation of these channels may modulate the actions of substance P and the expression of spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B to modulate pain. The present review describes the role and mechanisms of HCN ion channels in the development of neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals The sugar-responsive enteroendocrine neuropeptide F regulates lipid metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Yoshinari ◽  
Hina Kosakamoto ◽  
Takumi Kamiyama ◽  
Ryo Hoshino ◽  
Rena Matsuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cell ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
Neuropeptide F ◽  
Peptide Secretion

The enteroendocrine cell (EEC)-derived incretins play a pivotal role in regulating the secretion of glucagon and insulins in mammals. Although glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones have been found across animal phyla, incretin-like EEC-derived hormones have not yet been characterised in invertebrates. Here, we show that the midgut-derived hormone, Neuropeptide F (NPF), acts as the sugar-responsive, an incretin-like hormone in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Secreted NPF is received by NPF receptor in the corpora cardiaca and in insulin-producing cells. NPF-NPFR signalling resulted in the suppression of the glucagon-like hormone production and the enhancement of the insulin-like peptide secretion, eventually promoting lipid anabolism. Similar to the loss of incretin function in mammals, loss of midgut NPF led to significant metabolic dysfunction, accompanied by lipodystrophy, hyperphagia, and hypoglycaemia. These results suggest that enteroendocrine hormones regulate sugar-dependent metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones not only in mammals but also in insects.

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