scholarly journals One-trial conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea: good and poor performers in long-term memory acquisition

2007 ◽  
Vol 210 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sugai ◽  
S. Azami ◽  
H. Shiga ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
H. Sadamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Acquisition

scholarly journals Epicatechin increases the persistence of long-term memory formed by conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea

2020 ◽  
pp. jeb.238055
Author(s):  
Ayaka Itoh ◽  
Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki ◽  
Ken Lukowiak ◽  
Minoru Saito
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

We examined the effects of epicatechin (Epi), a flavonoid abundant in green tea and cocoa, on long-term memory (LTM) formed following conditioned taste aversion (CTA) training in Lymnaea. In CTA training, the snails learn to avoid a food that initially they liked (i.e., sucrose). Twenty-four hours after CTA training, 67% of the trained snails showed a significant decrease in the feeding behavior elicited by sucrose. Placing snails in the Epi solution in CTA training did not alter the percentage of snails exhibiting LTM, but it significantly increased LTM persistence. We also examined changes following Epi exposure in spontaneous activity of the cerebral giant cells (CGCs) that modulate feeding behavior and are necessary for CTA-LTM. Our data suggested that Epi causes a decrease in CGC activity and increases LTM persistence possibly via GABAergic mechanism.

Altered gene activity correlated with long-term memory formation of conditioned taste aversion inLymnaea

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1610-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiyo Azami ◽  
Akiko Wagatsuma ◽  
Hisayo Sadamoto ◽  
Dai Hatakeyama ◽  
Takeshi Usami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Altered Gene

scholarly journals Rapid, Labile, and Protein Synthesis– Independent Short-Term Memory in Conditioned Taste Aversion

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Houpt ◽  
RoseAnn Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Short-term memory is a rapid, labile, and protein-synthesis-independent phase of memory. The existence of short-term memory in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning has not been demonstrated formally. To determine the earliest time at which a CTA is expressed, we measured intraoral intake of sucrose at 15 min, 1 hr, 6 hr, or 48 h after contingent pairing of an intraoral infusion of 5% sucrose (6.6 ml over 6 min) and toxic lithium chloride injection (76 mg/kg). Rats were implanted with intraoral catheters to allow presentation of taste solutions at arbitrary times. Intraoral intake was measured under conditions of long-delay, single-trial learning typical of CTA. Rats decreased intraoral intake of sucrose at 15 min after contingent pairing of sucrose and LiCl, but not after noncontingent LiCl or sucrose. Thus CTA learning can be expressed rapidly. To determine if short-term CTA memory is labile and decays in the absence of long-term memory, we measured intraoral intake of sucrose after pairing sucrose with low doses of LiCl. Rats received an intraoral infusion of 5% sucrose (6 ml/6 min); 30 min later LiCl was injected at three different doses (19, 38, or 76 mg/kg). A second intraoral infusion of sucrose was administered 15 min, 1 hr, 3 hr, 4.5 hr, 6 hr, or 48 hr later. The formation of long-term CTA memory was dependent on the dose of LiCl paired with sucrose during acquisition. Low doses of LiCl induced a CTA that decayed within 6 hr after pairing. Central administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide prior to LiCl injection blocked long-term CTA expression at 6 and 48 hr, but not short-term CTA expression at 1 hr. Thus, short-term memory for CTA learning exists that is acquired rapidly and independent of protein synthesis, but labile in the absence of long-term memory formation.

scholarly journals Neuronal reactivation during post-learning sleep consolidates long-term memory in Drosophila

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Dag ◽  
Zhengchang Lei ◽  
Jasmine Q Le ◽  
Allan Wong ◽  
Daniel Bushey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Memory Acquisition ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Term Storage

Animals consolidate some, but not all, learning experiences into long-term memory. Across the animal kingdom, sleep has been found to have a beneficial effect on the consolidation of recently formed memories into long-term storage. However, the underlying mechanisms of sleep dependent memory consolidation are poorly understood. Here, we show that consolidation of courtship long-term memory in Drosophila is mediated by reactivation during sleep of dopaminergic neurons that were earlier involved in memory acquisition. We identify specific fan-shaped body neurons that induce sleep after the learning experience and activate dopaminergic neurons for memory consolidation. Thus, we provide a direct link between sleep, neuronal reactivation of dopaminergic neurons, and memory consolidation.

Long-Term Memory Performance in Adult ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Skodzik ◽  
Heinz Holling ◽  
Anya Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Memory Acquisition ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: Memory problems are a frequently reported symptom in adult ADHD, and it is well-documented that adults with ADHD perform poorly on long-term memory tests. However, the cause of this effect is still controversial. The present meta-analysis examined underlying mechanisms that may lead to long-term memory impairments in adult ADHD. Method: We performed separate meta-analyses of measures of memory acquisition and long-term memory using both verbal and visual memory tests. In addition, the influence of potential moderator variables was examined. Results: Adults with ADHD performed significantly worse than controls on verbal but not on visual long-term memory and memory acquisition subtests. The long-term memory deficit was strongly statistically related to the memory acquisition deficit. In contrast, no retrieval problems were observable. Conclusion: Our results suggest that memory deficits in adult ADHD reflect a learning deficit induced at the stage of encoding. Implications for clinical and research settings are presented.

scholarly journals Methamphetamine Inhibits Long-Term Memory Acquisition and Synaptic Plasticity by Evoking Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Chen ◽  
Xiaoning Wei ◽  
Xiang Xu ◽  
Gang Yu ◽  
Zheng Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Memory Acquisition

Methamphetamine (MA), an illicit drug abused worldwide, leads to cognitive impairment and memory loss. However, the detailed mechanisms of MA-induced neurologic impairment are still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of MA-induced inhibition of memory acquisition from the perspective of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress, caused by the accumulation of wrongly folded proteins in the ER, is important for new protein synthesis, which further influence the formation of long-term memory. A subacute MA poisoning model of mice was established and several behavioral experiments were performed, including elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, electro-stimulus Y-maze, and novel object recognition tasks. The present results suggested that 4 days exposure to MA induced significant memory loss. Whereas, this damage to memory formation could be protected when mice were pre-treated with ER stress inhibitor, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). The results of Western blotting showed that subacute exposure to MA increased the expression levels of ER stress marker proteins, such as binding immunoglobulin protein, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor (ATF)-4, ATF-6, and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein. Meanwhile, the enhanced expression levels of these proteins were reversed by TUDCA, indicating that MA administration induced memory loss by evoking ER stress in the hippocampus. We also found that MA inhibited the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. Nevertheless, LTP could be induced when mice were pre-treated with TUDCA. In conclusion, MA inhibited long-term memory acquisition and synaptic plasticity via ER stress.

scholarly journals Providing Extrinsic Reward for Test Performance Undermines Long-Term Memory Acquisition

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Kuhbandner ◽  
Alp Aslan ◽  
Kathrin Emmerdinger ◽  
Kou Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Extrinsic Reward ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Acquisition
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