scholarly journals The hyperoxic switch: assessing respiratory water loss rates in tracheate arthropods with continuous gas exchange

2004 ◽  
Vol 207 (25) ◽  
pp. 4463-4471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. B. Lighton
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Loss Rates

scholarly journals Gas exchange patterns and water loss rates in the Table Mountain cockroach, Aptera fusca (Blattodea: Blaberidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 216 (20) ◽  
pp. 3844-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Groenewald ◽  
C. S. Bazelet ◽  
C. P. Potter ◽  
J. S. Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Table Mountain ◽  
Exchange Patterns ◽  
Loss Rates

scholarly journals Slow Discontinuous Ventilation in the Namib Dune-sea Ant Camponotus Detritus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. LIGHTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Namib Desert ◽  
Ventilation Frequency ◽  
Loss Rates

Data on discontinuous ventilation phenomena in Camponotus detritus (Emery), an ant from the hyper-arid Namib Desert, are described and compared to equivalent data from two mesic insects, including Camponotus vicinus (Mayr). Although rate of CO2 production (Vco2 and body size were equivalent in C. detritus and C. vicinus, the ventilation rate of C. detritus was fourfold lower, significantly reducing predicted respiratory water loss rates. Ventilation rate was presumably modulated by Vco2, and low ventilation frequency was maintained in part by significant gas exchange during the fluttering-spiracle phase of the ventilation cycle, which is generally characterized by low rates of respiratory water loss.

scholarly journals Chronicvs.Short-Term Acute O3Exposure Effects on Nocturnal Transpiration in Two Californian Oaks

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Grulke ◽  
E. Paoletti ◽  
R. L. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blue Oak ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Nocturnal Transpiration ◽  
Gas Exchange System ◽  
Black Oak ◽  
Oak Seedlings

We tested the effect of daytime chronic moderate ozone (O3) exposure, short-term acute exposure, and both chronic and acute O3exposure combined on nocturnal transpiration in California black oak and blue oak seedlings. Chronic O3exposure (70 ppb for 8 h/day) was implemented in open-top chambers for either 1 month (California black oak) or 2 months (blue oak). Acute O3exposure (~1 h in duration during the day, 120–220 ppb) was implemented in a novel gas exchange system that supplied and maintained known O3concentrations to a leaf cuvette. When exposed to chronic daytime O3exposure, both oaks exhibited increased nocturnal transpiration (without concurrent O3exposure) relative to unexposed control leaves (1.8× and 1.6×, black and blue oak, respectively). Short-term acute and chronic O3exposure did not further increase nocturnal transpiration in either species. In blue oak previously unexposed to O3, short-term acute O3exposure significantly enhanced nocturnal transpiration (2.0×) relative to leaves unexposed to O3. California black oak was unresponsive to (only) short-term acute O3exposure. Daytime chronic and/or acute O3exposures can increase foliar water loss at night in deciduous oak seedlings.

scholarly journals Soil and Water Loss Rates in Oxisols Under No-tillage System in Western Paraná, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Luana Salete Celante ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Aracéli Ciotti de Marins ◽  
Daniela Trentin Nava ◽  
Flávio Gurgacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Loss Rates

The objective of work was to quantify soil and water loss rates as a function of slope variation, correlating these rates with soybean yield. In addition to developing multiple linear regression models that associate water and soil loss rates in function of their physical attributes. The experiment was conducted in an Oxisols under a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in Cascavel, PR, Brazil. Four slopes (3.5%; 8.2%; 11.4% and 13.5%) were considered as treatments. The water and soil loss rates were monitored in the rainfall occurring during the crop development cycle. The water drained in each plot was collected in gutters made of polyvinyl chloride and stored in containers for the quantification of soil and water losses. The stepwise backward method was used to identify the variables that had a significant influence on water and soil losses. The unevenness of the terrain did not influence the soil and water loss rates. The maximum soil and water losses during the soybean cycle were, respectively, 0.01962 Mg ha-1 and 4.07 m3 ha-1. The maximum soil and water losses occurred when the precipitation volume was up to 82 mm. Soil and water losses showed a higher correlation with macroporosity and bulk density. Soybean grain yield showed a higher linear correlation with water, and soil loss and was higher at the slopes of 8.2% and 13.4%. The low water and soil losses demonstrate the soil capacity, managed under a no-tillage system, to minimize environmental impacts.

WATER LOSS RATES AND TEMPERATURE PROFILES OF DRY COOKED BOVINE MUSCLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. GODSALVE ◽  
E. A. DAVIS ◽  
J. GORDON ◽  
H. T. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Bovine Muscle ◽  
Loss Rates

Effects of Neem EC on gas exchange, tracheal ventilation, and water loss in diapausing pupae ofPieris brassicae

2008 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Jõgar ◽  
Aare Kuusik ◽  
Luule Metspalu ◽  
Külli Hiiesaar ◽  
Maria Grishakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Loss

scholarly journals Divergence of Desiccation-Related Traits in Sitobion avenae from Northwestern China

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Yujing Yang ◽  
Deguang Liu ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Biyao Wang ◽  
Xiaoqin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Desiccation Stress ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Desiccation Resistance ◽  
Branched Alkanes ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Loss Rates

The impact of drought on insects has become increasingly evident in the context of global climate change, but the physiological mechanisms of aphids’ responses to desiccating environments are still not well understood. We sampled the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from arid areas of northwestern China. Both desiccation-resistant and -nonresistant genotypes were identified, providing direct evidence of genetic divergence in desiccation resistance of S. avenae. Resistant genotypes of wingless S. avenae showed longer survival time and LT50 under the desiccation stress (i.e., 10% relative humidity) than nonresistant genotypes, and wingless individuals tended to have higher desiccation resistance than winged ones. Both absolute and relative water contents did not differ between the two kinds of genotypes. Resistant genotypes had lower water loss rates than nonresistant genotypes for both winged and wingless individuals, suggesting that modulation of water loss rates could be the primary strategy in resistance of this aphid against desiccation stress. Contents of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) (especially methyl-branched alkanes) showed significant increase for both resistant and nonresistant genotypes after exposure to the desiccation stress for 24 h. Under desiccation stress, survival time was positively correlated with contents of methyl-branched alkanes for resistant genotypes. Thus, the content of methyl-branched alkanes and their high plasticity could be closely linked to water loss rate and desiccation resistance in S. avenae. Our results provide insights into fundamental aspects and underlying mechanisms of desiccation resistance in aphids, and have significant implications for the evolution of aphid populations in the context of global warming.

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