Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in root tips by the p-(acetoxymercuric) aniline diazotate reagent and a comparison with a Gomori procedure

1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
P. Stewart ◽  
D. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Lead Salt ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Post Coupling

The localization of acid phosphatase was studied in root tip cells of pea and mung bean by use of a heavy metal azo-dye technique. Diazotized p-(acetoxymercuric) aniline in a post-coupling procedure, using naphthol AS-BI phosphate as substrate, yielded a fine particulate reaction product within vacuoles, intercellular spaces, multivesicular bodies and at various sites throughout the cytoplasm of pea root cells and differentiating mung bean protoxylem cells. An ultrastructural comparison with a modified Gomori lead-salt precipitation method revealed differences in the subcellular location of beta-glycerophosphatase and naphthol AS-BI phosphatase. The distribution of acid phosphatases within plant meristematic cells is discussed.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic impact of sodium chloride stress on root cells of Vigna radiata L. seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jabeen Farheen ◽  
Simeen Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Metaphase Stage ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

AbstractObjectivesThe high salinization stress to seedling is the substantial ecological problem in the ongoing era. It negatively influences the growth that retard mitotic division by enhancing aberrations in nuclear chromatin. In the light of these views, the current work was designed to investigate the response of Vigna seedlings root tip cells to the presence of NaCl ions.Materials and methodsNM-92 and NM19-19 seeds were imbibed separately in distilled water for 24 h and allowed to grow into 0, 50, 150, 250, and 350 mM NaCl solution for 24 h. Excised root tips were stained, and slides were scored at 100× objective for the mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations.ResultsOur data demonstrated that as NaCl molarity increased, the MI was declined along with various chromatin abnormalities. The 150 mM of NaCl showed more lagging (69%) of chromosomes during anaphase in NM19-19. The highest stickiness at metaphase stage (68%) was found in 250 mM NaCl in variety NM19-19. However, both varieties were differed non-significantly for c-mitosis that was recorded 99% at 350 mM NaCl concentration.ConclusionsThe NaCl ions toxicity induced various cytological anomalies in seedling roots that adversely affect the growth of Vigna seedlings.

Ultrastructural Localization of Acid Phosphatase in Root Meristem of Alfalfa Vulgaris

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
M. Mashouf Shaykh
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Incubation Mixture ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Complete Reaction

The present study involves the intracellular distribution of acid phosphatase (AP) in the root meristem of Alfalfa vulgaris. Root tips, 1-2 mm long, were excised from 24 h old seedlings and fixed in 3% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M PO4 buffer at pH 7.2 for 1 h. The fixed roots were washed in the same buffer 3X (15 min each), then incubated for 30 min at 37°C in either Gomori or Barka and Anderson's lead medium with β-glycerophosphate as substrate at pH 5.0. These roots were subsequently washed in the respective buffers of the incubation mixtures and were post-fixed for 30 min in Millonig's OSO4. After brief washing in distilled water the roots were dehydrated in short steps through ethanol, and embedded in Epon for routine Ultramicrotomy. The controls consisted of roots incubated in the incubation mixture lacking substrate and of heat-inactivated (95°C for 15 min) and NaF-treated (0.1M for 2 h) roots incubated in the complete reaction mixture.

scholarly journals Facilitated transport of Mn2+ in sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) cells and excised maize root tips. A comparative 31P n.m.r. study in vivo

1988 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Roby ◽  
R Bligny ◽  
R Douce ◽  
S I Tu ◽  
P E Pfeffer
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

Movement of paramagnetic Mn2+ into sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) cells has been indirectly examined by observing the line broadening exhibited in its 31P n.m.r. spectra. Mn2+ was observed to pass into the vacuole, while exhibiting a very minor accumulation in the cytoplasm. With time, gradual leakage of phosphate from the vacuole to the cytoplasm was observed along with an increase in glucose-6-phosphate. Anoxia did not appear to affect the relative distribution of Mn2+ in the cytoplasm and vacuole. Under hypoxic conditions restriction of almost all movement of Mn2+ across the plasmalemma as well as the tonoplast was observed. In contrast, maize root tips showed entry and complete complexation of nucleotide triphosphate by Mn2+ during hypoxia. The rate of passage of Mn2+ across the tonoplast in both sycamore and maize root cells is approximately the same. However, the rates of facilitated movement across the respective plasma membranes appear to differ. More rapid movement of Mn2+ across the plasmalemma in maize root tip cells allows a gradual build-up of metal ion in the cytoplasm prior to its diffusion across the tonoplast. Sycamore cells undergo a slower uptake of Mn2+ into their cytoplasms (comparable with the rate of diffusion through the tonoplast), so little or no observable accumulation of Mn2+ is observed in this compartment.

Uptake and Release of Abscisic Acid by Runner Bean Root Tip Segments

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 719-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Hartung ◽  
Barbara Dierich
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
External Ph ◽  
Uptake And Release ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Undissociated Molecule

Uptake of abscisic acid by 5 mm long decapped root tips is a linear function of the external ABA concentration in the range of 2.9 × 10-8m to 10-4м and decreases dramatically with in­creasing pH. At pH 8.0 uptake rate is extremely low, even at high ABA concentrations. This indicated that nearly all of the ABA is taken up as the undissociated molecule ABAH. Uptake of ABA is influenced by agents modifying the pH gradients between the medium and the tissue such as salts of weak acids incubated at low external pH (inhibition of uptake and stimulation of ABA release by abolishing the pH gradients), protonophores such as CCCP (inhibition of uptake) and fusicoccin (stimulation of uptake by increasing the pH between medium and cytoplasm). It is concluded that ABA distributes between the compartments of the root cells according to the pH gradients with the undissociated molecule as the only penetrating species. Uptake and release occur without participation of a saturable component by diffusion. In contrast IAA permeates the plasmalemma as both IAAH and IAA-.

scholarly journals Aluminium induced esterase activity and isozyme pattern in barley root tip

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tamás ◽  
J. Huttová ◽  
I. Mistrík ◽  
M. Šimonovičová ◽  
B. Široká
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Barley Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Esterase Isozyme ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Al Stress

Changes in the activity of esterase as well as changes in the viability of root cells and some growth parameters were analysed during cultivation of barley seedlings in the artificial substrate under Al stress conditions. Aluminium-induced elevated esterase activity correlated with Al uptake, root growth inhibition and increased Evans blue uptake in the barley root tips. Analysis of isozyme pattern of esterase revealed one anodic and one cathodic esterase isozyme induced by Al-treatment. The possible role of elevated esterase activity during Al stress is discussed.

Inorganic phosphate accumulation and phosphatase activity in the nucleus of maize embryo root cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
R. Deltour ◽  
S. Fransolet ◽  
R. Loppes
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Root Tissues

The nucleus of growing root cells Zea mays contains a high concentration of inorganic phosphate. In order to verify whether this high nuclear Pi concentration is correlated with the metabolic activity of the nucleus, the Pi has been visualized in root cells of maize embryos at the electron-microscope level during 2 different periods which are both characterized by a spectacular reactivation of the nuclear metabolism, i.e. the early germination and the period of recovery following a thermal treatment given to the seeds after 48 h of germination. In both situations the Pi concentration increased in the nucleus during its reactivation. To verify whether the high nuclear Pi concentration could be of endogenous origin, the phosphatase activities were measured in crude extracts of root tissues during nuclear reactivation. The specific activity was optimal at pH 4.5 and was shown to increase with cellular reactivation. The ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity showed that Pi may be produced at 3 distinct sites: plasmalemma, vacuoles and most probably nucleus itself. High acid phosphatase activities were found in nuclei displaying a high metabolism. Taking these results and previous data into account, we suggest that a correlation may exist between the rate of nuclear transcription, the level of nuclear acid phosphatase activity and the nuclear Pi accumulation.

Effect of Niacin on Mitochondria of Allium Cepa Root Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
M. Arif Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Critical Interest

Although it is recognized that niacin (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), incorporated as the amide in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), is a cofactor in hydrogen transfer in numerous enzyme reactions in all organisms studied, virtually no information is available on the effect of this vitamin on a cell at the submicroscopic level. Since mitochondria act as sites for many hydrogen transfer processes, the possible response of mitochondria to niacin treatment is, therefore, of critical interest.Onion bulbs were placed on vials filled with double distilled water in the dark at 25°C. After two days the bulbs and newly developed root system were transferred to vials containing 0.1% niacin. Root tips were collected at ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hr. intervals after treatment. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde-OsO4 as well as in 2% KMnO4 according to standard procedures. In both cases, the tissues were dehydrated in an acetone series and embedded in Reynolds' lead citrate for 3-10 minutes.

Histochemical Examination of Invertase Activities in the Growing Tip of the Plant Root

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
N.F. Lunkova ◽  
N.A. Burmistrova ◽  
M.S. Krasavina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phloem Unloading ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Transition To Elongation ◽  
Different Tissues

Background:A growing part of the root is one of the most active sinks for sucrose coming from source leaves through the phloem. In the root, sucrose is unloaded from conducting bundles and is distributed among the surrounding cells. To be involved in the metabolism, sucrose should disintegrate into hexoses by means of degrading enzymes.Aims:The aim of this research was to explore the possibility of the involvement of one such enzymes, invertase, in phloem unloading as well as distribution of its activity in the functionally different tissues of the plant root tips.Method:To estimate the enzyme activities in root tissues, we applied two techniques: the histochemical method using nitro blue tetrazolium. The localization of phloem unloading was studied with carboxyfluorescein, a fluorescent marker for symplastic transport.Results:Invertase activity was not detected in the apical part of the meristem. It appeared only between the basal part of this zone and the beginning of the elongation zone. There is the root phloem unloading in that area. Invertase activity increased with increasing the distance from the root tip and reached the highest values in the region of cell transition to elongation and in the elongation zone. The activities of the enzyme varied in different tissues of the same zone and sometimes in the neighboring cells of the same tissue. Biochemical determination of invertase activity was made in the maize root segments coincident to the zones of meristem, cell elongation and differentiation. The results of both methods of determination of invertase activity were in agreement.Conclusion:It was concluded that phloem unloading correlated with invertase activity, possibly because of the activation of invertase by unloaded sucrose. Invertase is one of the factors involved in the processes preparing the cells for their transition to elongation because the concentration of osmotically active hexoses increases after cleavage of sucrose, that stimulates water entry into the cells, which is necessary for elongation growth.

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Unuk Nahberger ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Hojka Kraigher ◽  
Tine Grebenc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Parameters

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tuber have gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated with Tuber. aestivum were analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir with Tuber aestivum was positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.

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