On the reliability of the lead salt precipitation method of acid phosphatase localization in plant cells

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Washitani ◽  
Sitiro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Lead Salt ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Salt Precipitation

Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in root tips by the p-(acetoxymercuric) aniline diazotate reagent and a comparison with a Gomori procedure

1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
P. Stewart ◽  
D. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Lead Salt ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Post Coupling

The localization of acid phosphatase was studied in root tip cells of pea and mung bean by use of a heavy metal azo-dye technique. Diazotized p-(acetoxymercuric) aniline in a post-coupling procedure, using naphthol AS-BI phosphate as substrate, yielded a fine particulate reaction product within vacuoles, intercellular spaces, multivesicular bodies and at various sites throughout the cytoplasm of pea root cells and differentiating mung bean protoxylem cells. An ultrastructural comparison with a modified Gomori lead-salt precipitation method revealed differences in the subcellular location of beta-glycerophosphatase and naphthol AS-BI phosphatase. The distribution of acid phosphatases within plant meristematic cells is discussed.

scholarly journals Demonstration of lysosomal and extralysosomal sites for acid phosphatase in mouse kidney tubule cells with p-nitrophenylphosphate lead-salt technique.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Miyayama ◽  
R Solomon ◽  
M Sasaki ◽  
C W Lin ◽  
W H Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Normal Mouse ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Lead Salt ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Electron Microscopic

Dual localization of acid phosphatase in lysosomal and extralysosomal sites of the tubule epithelial cells of normal mouse kidney was observed at the light and electron microscope level using a modified Gomori lead-salt method with p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) as substrate. Based on previous biochemical and cytochemical findings, we developed optimal conditions for the enzyme activity in extralysosomal sites. The conditions used for the light microscopic level consisted of 1.5 mM PNPP, 2.0 MM Pb(NO3)2 and 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 5.8). Those for the electron microscopic study required 3.0 mM PNPP, 3.6 MM Pb(NO3)2 and 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 5.8). This modified lead-salt technique was highly specific and provided a suitable method for the demonstration of nonlysosomal as well as lysosomal sites of acid phosphatase activity in the tubule epithelial cells of normal mouse kidney. As expected, the enzyme activity appeared in the lysosomes, but the prominent reaction in the brush border, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and basal infolding plasma membranes was not anticipated. We were able to demonstrate in situ organelle precursors of microsomal acid phosphatase such as endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane and basal infolding membranes showing the same substrate preference, which had been observed previously in biochemical studies in our laboratory. Since the possible participation of alkaline phosphatases, K+-pNPPase or Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase was ruled out by use of appropriate inhibitors, the enzyme-reactive sites can be interpreted as reflecting nonspecific acid phosphatase.

Thermodynamic study on phosphorus removal from tungstate solution via magnesium salt precipitation method

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3440-3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-xiang HE ◽  
Li-hua HE ◽  
Zhong-wei ZHAO ◽  
Xing-yu CHEN ◽  
Li-li GAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Thermodynamic Study ◽  
Magnesium Salt ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Salt Precipitation ◽  
Tungstate Solution

scholarly journals Comparison of customized spin-column and salt-precipitation finger-prick blood DNA extraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Poh ◽  
Samuel Ken-En Gan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Salt Precipitation ◽  
Amplification Success ◽  
Spin Column ◽  
Finger Prick

A customized spin-column finger-prick gDNA extraction yielded more DNA and gene amplification success than a salt-precipitation method. Further optimization showed certain buffers to augment whole, but not nucleated blood extractions.

scholarly journals DEMONSTRATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY USING 1-ACETYL-3-INDOLYL PHOSPHATE AS SUBSTRATE

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASANDO HAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Lead Salt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cytochemical Demonstration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Triton X

A simultaneous coupling azo-indoxyl method for the cytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity using p-toluidine salt of 1-acetyl-3-indolyl phosphate is described. A satisfactory staining for the enzyme activity was obtained following incubation of formol-calcium-fixed frozen sections for 30 min at 25°C in a medium containing 1 mM each of the substrate and hexazonium pararosanilin and adjusted to pH 4.5-5.0 with acetate buffer. The distribution of acid phosphatase activity demonstrated by this method was identical with that obtained either by Gomori's technique using β-glycerophosphate as substrate or by the Barka and Anderson's naphthol AS-BI phosphate-hexazonium pararosanilin method in several tissues of male rats so far examined. However, the adrenal enzyme activity was most prominent in the medulla with 1-acetyl-3-indolyl phosphate and β-glycerophosphate but it was more marked in the cortex with naphthol AS-BI phosphate. An advantage of using 1-acetyl-3-indolyl phosphate as substrate is that the same compound can be used for comparing azo-indoxyl and lead-salt methods. Effects of phospholipase C and Triton X-100 on staining for acid phosphatase were tested by pretreating fixed rat liver and kidney sections with these agents and incubating them in the medium containing 1-acetyl-3-indolyl phosphate and either hexazonium pararosanilin or lead ions as a coupler. The pretreatment did not change discrete lysosomal staining, as seen in untreated controls, using pararosanilin as a coupler, but greatly modified the staining using lead ions. The results indicate that the preciseness of staining for acid phosphatase with lead-salt method is highly dependent on some lipid material which attracts lead in tissues and that appropriately devised azo dye or azo-indoxyl methods demonstrate enzyme sites more accurately than lead-salt method.

scholarly journals Chloride Ion Removal from the Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization and Denitrification Wastewater Using Friedel’s Salt Precipitation Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Fang ◽  
Zi-jun Tang ◽  
Xiong-bo Chen ◽  
Jian-hang Huang ◽  
Zhi-xiong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Salt Precipitation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Friedel’S Salt

The desulfurization and denitrification wastewater (DDW) from the wet flue gas treatment project is difficult to be treated and recycled because of high chloride ion (Cl−) concentration. Cl− can cause equipment and piping corrosion. However, there is a lack of cost-effective treatment technologies for the removal of Cl− from the DDW. In this research, the feasibility of Cl− removal from the DDW using Friedel’s salt precipitation method was evaluated. Factors affecting the Cl− removal, such as Ca(OH)2 dosage, NaAlO2 dosage, solution’s initial pH, solution’s temperature, reaction time, stirring speed, and anions (SO42−, NO3−, and F−), were investigated, and the optimal experimental conditions for Cl− removal were determined. Experimental results showed that Friedel’s salt precipitation method can remove Cl− effectively and can achieve synergistic removal of SO42−, F−, and heavy metal ions. Under the best experimental conditions, the average removal efficiencies of Cl−, SO42−, F−, and heavy metal ions reach more than 85%, 98%, 94%, and 99%, respectively. The Cl− removal mechanism studies showed that Cl− can be removed by precipitation as Ca4Al2Cl2(OH)12. The purified wastewater and the precipitated solid can be reused to reduce the consumption of water and alkali. Friedel’s salt precipitation method is an effective control technology for the synergistic removal of Cl−, SO42−, F−, and heavy metal ions and has enormous potential to be applied in the industrial wastewater treatment field.

scholarly journals FLUCTUATIONS IN THE ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF SPHEROSOMES IN GUARD CELLS OF CAMPANULA PERSICIFOLIA

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 791-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN P. SOROKIN ◽  
SERGEI SOROKIN
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Nuclear Surface ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Marked Activity ◽  
Changing Light

Acid phosphatase activity fluctuates in mature epidermal guard cells of Campanula persicifolia in response to changing light conditions. As demonstrated both by Gomori's method and by Burstone's simultaneous coupling azo dye technique in both unfixed and aldehyde-fixed epidermal strips, the enzyme is active in the spherosomes when the guard cells are flaccid and the stomata are either partially or fully closed. It is inactive when the cells are turgid and the stomata are fully open, regardless of whether opening had resulted from a photoactive or scotoactive process. In living preparations, such inactive spherosomes will gradually become active for acid phosphatase if turgid guarde clls are subjected to partial plasmolysis. Marked activity for acid phosphatase becomes manifest in the vacuoles as well as in the spherosomes of the guard cells if the plants are kept in the dark for many days. In senescent leaves the vacuoles of the guard cells are reactive even though the plants are grown in the light. The walls of the epidermal cells exhibit sporadic activity for the enzyme, but the walls of guard cells have not been observed to react. Nuclear staining sometimes is present after tissues are incubated in the Gomori medium, but it is considered to result from nonenzymic binding of lead on the nuclear surface. The spherosomes evidently are among the principal sites for acid phosphatase activity in plant cells. In guard cells the spherosomes are considered to be enzymically active when the cells are in a relatively catabolic phase of metabolism and to become inactive when the cells enter a relatively anabolic phase.

scholarly journals Ecto-5'-nucleotidase: localization in rat kidney by light microscopic histochemical and immunohistochemical methods.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
T P Dawson ◽  
R Gandhi ◽  
M Le Hir ◽  
B Kaissling
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Lead Salt ◽  
Salt Precipitation ◽  
Tubular Lumen ◽  
Outer Stripe ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods

We demonstrated the distribution pattern of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nu) in rat kidney by enzymatic activity (lead salt precipitation) and by immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody raised in rabbits. Enzyme activity was found in the brush border of the proximal tubule, highest in the P1 segments with decreasing intensity in the P2 segments and weakest in P3 segments in the medullary rays of the cortex. The P3 segments of the outer stripe showed slightly higher activity. Activity was also apparent in the intercalated cells in the connecting tubule and collecting duct, whereas all other tubular and glomerular structures were negative. Activity in peritubular and perivascular connective tissue was highest in the cortical labyrinth, weak or absent in the medullary rays of the cortex, and entirely absent in the medulla. The distribution of the antigen was fully congruent with that of the enzyme activity. With respect to the role of adenosine in regulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, the distribution of 5'-Nu in the cortical interstitium may be particularly significant. The possibility of nucleotide cleavage at the brush-border membranes may be important for salvage of nucleotides from the tubular lumen.

Salt-precipitation method does not isolate to homogeneity Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein from urine of proteinuric patients and pregnant women

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cavallone ◽  
Nadia Malagolini ◽  
Giovanni-Maria Frascà ◽  
Sergio Stefoni ◽  
Franca Serafini-Cessi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Salt Precipitation
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