scholarly journals CLASP localizes in two discrete patterns on cortical microtubules and is required for cell morphogenesis and cell division in Arabidopsis

2007 ◽  
Vol 120 (24) ◽  
pp. 4416-4425 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kirik ◽  
U. Herrmann ◽  
C. Parupalli ◽  
J. C. Sedbrook ◽  
D. W. Ehrhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cortical Microtubules ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis

Microtubules in root hairs

1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Traas ◽  
P. Braat ◽  
A.M. Emons ◽  
H. Meekes ◽  
J. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Cortical Microtubules ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Equisetum Hyemale ◽  
Ceratopteris Thalictroides ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition

The microtubules of root hairs of Raphanus sativus, Lepidium sativum, Equisetum hyemale, Limnobium stoloniferum, Ceratopteris thalictroides, Allium sativum and Urtica dioica were investigated using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Arrays of cortical microtubules were observed in all hairs. The microtubules in the hairs show net axial orientations, but in Allium and Urtica helical microtubule patterns are also present. Numerical parameters of microtubules in Raphanus, Equisetum and Limnobium were determined from dry-cleave preparations. The results are discussed with respect to cell wall deposition and cell morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Different Domains of the Essential GTPase Cdc42p Required for Growth and Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Mösch ◽  
Tim Köhler ◽  
Gerhard H. Braus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Invasive Growth ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Diploid Cells ◽  
Regulatory Functions

ABSTRACT In budding yeast, the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42p is essential for cell division and regulates pseudohyphal development and invasive growth. Here, we isolated novel Cdc42p mutant proteins with single-amino-acid substitutions that are sufficient to uncouple functions of Cdc42p essential for cell division from regulatory functions required for pseudohyphal development and invasive growth. In haploid cells, Cdc42p is able to regulate invasive growth dependent on and independent of FLO11 gene expression. In diploid cells, Cdc42p regulates pseudohyphal development by controlling pseudohyphal cell (PH cell) morphogenesis and invasive growth. Several of the Cdc42p mutants isolated here block PH cell morphogenesis in response to nitrogen starvation without affecting morphology or polarity of yeast form cells in nutrient-rich conditions, indicating that these proteins are impaired for certain signaling functions. Interaction studies between development-specific Cdc42p mutants and known effector proteins indicate that in addition to the p21-activated (PAK)-like protein kinase Ste20p, the Cdc42p/Rac-interactive-binding domain containing Gic1p and Gic2p proteins and the PAK-like protein kinase Skm1p might be further effectors of Cdc42p that regulate pseudohyphal and invasive growth.

Correlation between protonema morphogenesis and the development of the microtubule system in Funaria spore germination under normal conditions and at high auxin concentrations: an immunofluorescence study

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2227-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ljubešić ◽  
H. Quader ◽  
E. Schnepf
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Immunofluorescence Study ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Antimicrotubule Agents ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Auxin

Ungerminated spores of Funaria do not contain distinct microtubules but show diffuse antitubulin antibody fluorescence. The microtubules arise when, 24–48 h after sowing, the spores are swollen and the first germ tube begins to protrude. Initially, diffuse fluorescence and microtubules are concentrated around the nucleus. Treatment with auxin at high concentrations (5 × 10−5 – 10−4 M) retards germination and cell division. Like antimicrotubule agents, such as colchicine and chloroisopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate, high auxin concentrations affect the formation of microtubules; either short, irregularly shaped microtubules and fluorescent spots arise, or there is no evidence of microtubules. The auxin effects on growth and microtubules can be reversed in less than 1 day. There is a correlation between the formation of the microtubule system and cell morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Genome-wide phenotypic analysis of growth, cell morphogenesis and cell cycle events in Escherichia coli.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Campos ◽  
Sander K Govers ◽  
Irnov Irnov ◽  
Genevieve S Dobihal ◽  
Francois Cornet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
New Genes

Cell size, cell growth and the cell cycle are necessarily intertwined to achieve robust bacterial replication. Yet, a comprehensive and integrated view of these fundamental processes is lacking. Here, we describe an image-based quantitative screen of the single-gene knockout collection of Escherichia coli, and identify many new genes involved in cell morphogenesis, population growth, nucleoid (bulk chromosome) dynamics and cell division. Functional analyses, together with high-dimensional classification, unveil new associations of morphological and cell cycle phenotypes with specific functions and pathways. Additionally, correlation analysis across ~4,000 genetic perturbations shows that growth rate is surprisingly not predictive of cell size. Growth rate was also uncorrelated with the relative timings of nucleoid separation and cell constriction. Rather, our analysis identifies scaling relationships between cell size and nucleoid size and between nucleoid size and the relative timings of nucleoid separation and cell division. These connections suggest that the nucleoid links cell morphogenesis to the cell cycle.

scholarly journals The kinesin of the flagellum attachment zone in Leishmania is required for cell morphogenesis, cell division and virulence in the mammalian host

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. e1009666
Author(s):  
Rosa Milagros Corrales ◽  
Slavica Vaselek ◽  
Rachel Neish ◽  
Laurence Berry ◽  
Camille D. Brunet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Division Cell ◽  
And Function ◽  
Attachment Zone

Leishmania parasites possess a unique and complex cytoskeletal structure termed flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) connecting the base of the flagellum to one side of the flagellar pocket (FP), an invagination of the cell body membrane and the sole site for endocytosis and exocytosis. This structure is involved in FP architecture and cell morphogenesis, but its precise role and molecular composition remain enigmatic. Here, we characterized Leishmania FAZ7, the only known FAZ protein containing a kinesin motor domain, and part of a clade of trypanosomatid-specific kinesins with unknown functions. The two paralogs of FAZ7, FAZ7A and FAZ7B, display different localizations and functions. FAZ7A localizes at the basal body, while FAZ7B localizes at the distal part of the FP, where the FAZ structure is present in Leishmania. While null mutants of FAZ7A displayed normal growth rates, the deletion of FAZ7B impaired cell growth in both promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania. The kinesin activity is crucial for its function. Deletion of FAZ7B resulted in altered cell division, cell morphogenesis (including flagellum length), and FP structure and function. Furthermore, knocking out FAZ7B induced a mis-localization of two of the FAZ proteins, and disrupted the molecular organization of the FP collar, affecting the localization of its components. Loss of the kinesin FAZ7B has important consequences in the insect vector and mammalian host by reducing proliferation in the sand fly and pathogenicity in mice. Our findings reveal the pivotal role of the only FAZ kinesin as part of the factors important for a successful life cycle of Leishmania.

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