scholarly journals Three Brick genes have distinct functions in a common pathway promoting polarized cell division and cell morphogenesis in the maize leaf epidermis

Development ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Common Pathway ◽  
Maize Leaf

discordia mutations specifically misorient asymmetric cell divisions during development of the maize leaf epidermis

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (20) ◽  
pp. 4623-4633 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gallagher ◽  
L.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Cytochalasin D ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Cytoskeletal Structure ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Preprophase Bands

In plant cells, cytokinesis depends on a cytoskeletal structure called a phragmoplast, which directs the formation of a new cell wall between daughter nuclei after mitosis. The orientation of cell division depends on guidance of the phragmoplast during cytokinesis to a cortical site marked throughout prophase by another cytoskeletal structure called a preprophase band. Asymmetrically dividing cells become polarized and form asymmetric preprophase bands prior to mitosis; phragmoplasts are subsequently guided to these asymmetric cortical sites to form daughter cells of different shapes and/or sizes. Here we describe two new recessive mutations, discordia1 (dcd1) and discordia2 (dcd2), which disrupt the spatial regulation of cytokinesis during asymmetric cell divisions. Both mutations disrupt four classes of asymmetric cell divisions during the development of the maize leaf epidermis, without affecting the symmetric divisions through which most epidermal cells arise. The effects of dcd mutations on asymmetric cell division can be mimicked by cytochalasin D treatment, and divisions affected by dcd1 are hypersensitive to the effects of cytochalasin D. Analysis of actin and microtubule organization in these mutants showed no effect of either mutation on cell polarity, or on formation and localization of preprophase bands and spindles. In mutant cells, phragmoplasts in asymmetrically dividing cells are structurally normal and are initiated in the correct location, but often fail to move to the position formerly occupied by the preprophase band. We propose that dcd mutations disrupt an actin-dependent process necessary for the guidance of phragmoplasts during cytokinesis in asymmetrically dividing cells.

scholarly journals CLASP localizes in two discrete patterns on cortical microtubules and is required for cell morphogenesis and cell division in Arabidopsis

2007 ◽  
Vol 120 (24) ◽  
pp. 4416-4425 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kirik ◽  
U. Herrmann ◽  
C. Parupalli ◽  
J. C. Sedbrook ◽  
D. W. Ehrhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cortical Microtubules ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis

scholarly journals Different Domains of the Essential GTPase Cdc42p Required for Growth and Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Mösch ◽  
Tim Köhler ◽  
Gerhard H. Braus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Invasive Growth ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Diploid Cells ◽  
Regulatory Functions

ABSTRACT In budding yeast, the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42p is essential for cell division and regulates pseudohyphal development and invasive growth. Here, we isolated novel Cdc42p mutant proteins with single-amino-acid substitutions that are sufficient to uncouple functions of Cdc42p essential for cell division from regulatory functions required for pseudohyphal development and invasive growth. In haploid cells, Cdc42p is able to regulate invasive growth dependent on and independent of FLO11 gene expression. In diploid cells, Cdc42p regulates pseudohyphal development by controlling pseudohyphal cell (PH cell) morphogenesis and invasive growth. Several of the Cdc42p mutants isolated here block PH cell morphogenesis in response to nitrogen starvation without affecting morphology or polarity of yeast form cells in nutrient-rich conditions, indicating that these proteins are impaired for certain signaling functions. Interaction studies between development-specific Cdc42p mutants and known effector proteins indicate that in addition to the p21-activated (PAK)-like protein kinase Ste20p, the Cdc42p/Rac-interactive-binding domain containing Gic1p and Gic2p proteins and the PAK-like protein kinase Skm1p might be further effectors of Cdc42p that regulate pseudohyphal and invasive growth.

Correlation between protonema morphogenesis and the development of the microtubule system in Funaria spore germination under normal conditions and at high auxin concentrations: an immunofluorescence study

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2227-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ljubešić ◽  
H. Quader ◽  
E. Schnepf
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Immunofluorescence Study ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Antimicrotubule Agents ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Auxin

Ungerminated spores of Funaria do not contain distinct microtubules but show diffuse antitubulin antibody fluorescence. The microtubules arise when, 24–48 h after sowing, the spores are swollen and the first germ tube begins to protrude. Initially, diffuse fluorescence and microtubules are concentrated around the nucleus. Treatment with auxin at high concentrations (5 × 10−5 – 10−4 M) retards germination and cell division. Like antimicrotubule agents, such as colchicine and chloroisopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate, high auxin concentrations affect the formation of microtubules; either short, irregularly shaped microtubules and fluorescent spots arise, or there is no evidence of microtubules. The auxin effects on growth and microtubules can be reversed in less than 1 day. There is a correlation between the formation of the microtubule system and cell morphogenesis.

Cell division in the Arabidopsis leaf epidermis

2009 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. S175-S176
Author(s):  
Sarah Robinson ◽  
Enrico Coen ◽  
Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz ◽  
Andrew Bangham ◽  
Samantha Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Epidermis
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