scholarly journals Systemic Influence on Activity of Hair Follicles in Skin Homografts

Development ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
F. J. Ebiling ◽  
Elizabeth Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Normal Waves ◽  
Systemic Control ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Follicular Activity

Activity of the hair follicle is cyclic, periods of hair-growth alternating with periods of quiescence during which the dead hair is retained as a ‘club’. In the rat, hair-growth occurs in a series of waves which start ventrally and pass over the flanks to the back (Dry, 1926; Butcher, 1934; Johnson, 1958a). The object of our work was to find out how far such activity is dependent upon factors within the follicle and how far it is subject to systemic control. When hair follicles are translocated, either by rotation of grafts in the mid-flank or by transposition of flaps in two stages, they continue to maintain the periodicity characteristic of their sites of origin (Ebling & Johnson, 1959). Vascularization of such follicles is always consequent upon follicular activity, even when this is out of phase with the normal waves of hair-growth on the adjacent body.

The activity of hair follicles in parabiotic rats

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438
Author(s):  
F. J. Ebling ◽  
G. R. Hervey
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Cycle ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Graft Skin ◽  
Follicular Activity

Hair growth in the rat occurs in a series of waves, which start ventrally and pass over the flanks to the back (Dry, 1926; Butcher, 1934; Johnson, 1958a). The activity of the hair follicle is cyclic; when the hair has been fully formed there is a period of quiescence during which the dead hair is retained as a ‘club’. The duration of the complete cycle varies with site and age, ranging from 24 to about 100 days (Ebling & Johnson, 1964). When hair follicles are translocated, they continue to maintain the periodicity characteristic of their sites of origin (Ebling & Johnson, 1959). On the other hand, when skin is exchanged between rats of different ages and thus with their hair growth waves out of phase, follicular activity in the graft skin in some circumstances comes into line with the activity of the host (Ebling & Johnson, 1961).

The effect of plucking hairs during different phases of the follicular cycle

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Johnson ◽  
F. J. Ebling
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
The Dead

Hair growth is intermittent; periods of activity when the follicle is producing the hair alternating with periods of rest when the dead hair is retained. In the rat, hair growth occurs in a series of waves which start ventrally and pass over the flanks to the back (Dry, 1926; Butcher, 1934; Johnson, 1958). It has long been known (Collins, 1918; David, 1934) that if hairs are pulled out of resting follicles activity is induced. To explain this phenomenon, Chase (1955) put forward the view that an inhibitor accumulates in the hair follicle during active growth and is dissipated during the resting stage. Plucking during the resting stage removes this inhibitor along with the club hair, so that activity recommences. Preliminary observations on rats with plucked follicles indicated that the response to plucking varied at different stages of the hair cycle. A detailed study seemed desirable, therefore, in order to test more closely than hitherto the validity of the inhibitor hypothesis.

scholarly journals Molecular Pathways Involved in Promoting Activity of Timosaponin BII on Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Zhiyi Chen ◽  
Jianhua Li ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Anagen Phase ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides

Hair loss is a common disease in dermatology, while the approved drugs may have unpredictable side effects. In this study, the effect of timosaponin BII extracted from Anemarrhena asphodeloides on hair growth of C57BL/6 mice was investigated by measuring the hair follicle morphology, hair growth length and area in C57BL/6 male mice, and the immunohistochemical analysis of β-catenin, Wnt3a, and Wnt10b in the dorsal skins of mice after topical application with minoxidil and timosaponin BII for 15 days. The decrease in skin brightness, the increase in the regrowing area of hair and hair follicles numbers, and the improvement of hair follicle morphology in the group applied with 0.5% timosaponin BII indicated an induction of the anagen phase in telogenic mice skin, which were comparative to the 2% minoxidil treatment. The immunohistochemical analysis detected an increase in the expression of β-catenin and Wnt10b, supporting the theory of the activation of the β-catenin/Wnt pathway was one of the pathways that are related to anagen phase induction. Anemarrhena asphodeloides is a herb commonly used for metabolic disorders in China. The present study is the first to show that the timosaponin BII, which is present at a high concentration in A. asphodeloides, promotes hair growth in C57BL/6 male mice. The results indicate that timosaponin BII may be a potential promoting agent for hair growth.

scholarly journals Dermal exosomes containing miR-218-5p promote hair regeneration by regulating β-catenin signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. eaba1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Hu ◽  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
Halle Lutz ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
Teng Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Hair Regrowth ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anagen Phase ◽  
Hair Follicle Cycle

The progression in the hair follicle cycle from the telogen to the anagen phase is the key to regulating hair regrowth. Dermal papilla (DP) cells support hair growth and regulate the hair cycle. However, they gradually lose key inductive properties upon culture. DP cells can partially restore their capacity to promote hair regrowth after being subjected to spheroid culture. In this study, results revealed that DP spheroids are effective at inducing the progression of the hair follicle cycle from telogen to anagen compared with just DP cell or minoxidil treatment. Because of the importance of paracrine signaling in this process, secretome and exosomes were isolated from DP cell culture, and their therapeutic efficacies were investigated. We demonstrated that miR-218-5p was notably up-regulated in DP spheroid–derived exosomes. Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging were used to demonstrate that DP spheroid–derived exosomes up-regulated β-catenin, promoting the development of hair follicles.

scholarly journals Effect of Topical Grape Sap on Apoptosis in Hair Follicle Among Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Ahmad Shabanizadeh ◽  
Zahra Taghipour ◽  
Reza Vazirinejad ◽  
Mohammad Reza Salahshoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Expression Ratio ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Hair loss is an emotional and stressful condition with an unpredictable profound impact on the social interactions of patients. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of grape sap on apoptosis in hair follicles. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 126 male Wistar rats within a weight range of 30 ± 250 g. The rats were assigned into seven groups, namely bleomycin group, normal saline group, grape sap group (1 mg/kg), grape sap group (10 mg/kg), grape sap group (100 mg/kg), minoxidil group, and minoxidil plus grape sap group (100 mg/kg). The rats received bleomycin (1.7 mL/kg, four times with the interval of 5 days) and then were treated with grape sap for 21 days. The skin samples were taken from rats on days 7, 14, and 21 (i.e., the last day of the treatment). Results: The results showed a significant increase in the groups treated with grape sap, compared to the bleomycin-treated group in terms of the number of follicles, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels at the base of every follicle, hair growth length, total antioxidant capacity, and BCL2 gene expression. The use of grape sap showed beneficial effects on the reduction of hair fall. Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that grape sap can be employed as a non-chemical drug due to its rich compounds, especially antioxidants, and decreases apoptosis in hair follicle cells through increasing the expression ratio of BCL2/BAX, thereby stimulating hair growth.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Cyclic Changes in the Hair Follicle and Sweat Gland Size in Cattle

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Schleger
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Gland Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cyclic Changes

The morphology of hair follicles has been studied in 23 Africander-Hereford crossbred yearlings. Eleven hair growth phases were recognized as a result of work on two animals. The piloapocrine units representing each phase have been illustrated by tracings. The mean length, diameter, length-diameter ratio, and area of sweat glands corresponding to each phase have been tabulated and illustrated.

scholarly journals CD133-positive dermal papilla-derived Wnt ligands regulate postnatal hair growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 473 (19) ◽  
pp. 3291-3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linli Zhou ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
April Carpenter ◽  
Richard A. Lang ◽  
Thomas Andl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
Epithelial Compartment ◽  
Hair Follicle Growth

Active Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the dermal papilla (DP) is required for postnatal hair cycling. In addition, maintenance of the hair-inducing ability of DP cells in vitro requires external addition of Wnt molecules. However, whether DP cells are a critical source of Wnt ligands and induce both autocrine and paracrine signaling cascades to promote adult hair follicle growth and regeneration remains elusive. To address this question, we generated an animal model that allows inducible ablation of Wntless (Wls), a transmembrane Wnt exporter protein, in CD133-positive (CD133+) DP cells. CD133+ cells have been shown to be a specific subpopulation of cells in the DP, which possesses the hair-inducing capability. Here, we show that ablation of Wls expression in CD133+ DP cells results in a shortened period of postnatal hair growth. Mutant hair follicles were unable to enter full anagen (hair growth stage) and progressed toward a rapid regression. Notably, reduced size of the DP and decreased expression of anagen DP marker, versican, were observed in hair follicles when CD133+ DP cells lost Wls expression. Further analysis showed that Wls-deficient CD133+ DP cells led to reduced proliferation and differentiation in matrix keratinocytes and melanocytes that are needed for the generation of the hair follicle structure and a pigmented hair shaft. These findings clearly demonstrate that Wnt ligands produced by CD133+ DP cells play an important role in postnatal hair growth by maintaining the inductivity of DP cells and mediating the signaling cross-talk between the mesenchyme and the epithelial compartment.

scholarly journals Morus alba Root Extract Induces the Anagen Phase in the Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Jiyu Hyun ◽  
Jisoo Im ◽  
Sung-Won Kim ◽  
Han Young Kim ◽  
Inwoo Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Anagen Phase ◽  
Factor Secretion ◽  
Growth Factor Secretion

Restoring hair follicles by inducing the anagen phase is a promising approach to prevent hair loss. Hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) play a major role in hair growth via the telogen-to-anagen transition. The therapeutic effect of Morus alba activates β-catenin in HFDPCs, thereby inducing the anagen phase. The HFDPCs were treated with M. alba root extract (MARE) to promote hair growth. It contains chlorogenic acid and umbelliferone and is not cytotoxic to HFDPCs at a concentration of 20%. It was demonstrated that a small amount of MARE enhances growth factor secretion (related to the telogen-to-anagen transition). Activation of β-catenin was observed in MARE-treated HFDPCs, which is crucial for inducing the anagen phase. The effect of conditioned medium derived from MARE-treated HFDPCs on keratinocytes and endothelial cells was also investigated. The findings of this study demonstrate the potency of MARE in eliciting the telogen-to-anagen transition.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of Zyxin and Its Potential Function in Androgenetic Alopecia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingmei Liu ◽  
Xiangguang Shi ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Pcr Analysis

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common progressive form of hair loss, occurring in more than half of men aged > 50 years. Hair follicle (HF) miniaturization is a feature of AGA, and dermal papillae (DP) play key roles in hair growth and regeneration by regulating follicular cell activity. Previous studies have revealed that adhesion signals are important factors in AGA development. Zyxin (ZYX) is an actin-interacting protein that is essential for cell adhesion and migration. The aim of this research was to investigate the expression and potential role of ZYX in AGA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that ZYX expression was elevated in the affected frontal HF of individuals with AGA compared to unaffected occipital HF. Moreover, increased ZYX expression was also observed within DP using immunofluorescence staining. Our in vivo results revealed that ZYX knockout mice showed enhanced hair growth and anagen entry compared to wild-type mice. Reducing ZYX expression in ex vivo cultured HFs by siRNA resulted in the enhanced hair shaft production, delayed hair follicle catagen entry, increased the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs), and upregulated expression of stem cell-related proteins. These results were further validated in cultured DPCs in vitro. To further reveal the mechanism by which ZYX contributes to AGA, RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify gene signatures upon ZYX siRNA treatment in cultured hair follicles. Multiple pathways, including focal adhesion and HIF-1 signaling pathways, were found to be involved. Collectively, we discovered the elevated expression of ZYX in the affected frontal hair follicles of AGA patients and revealed the effects of ZYX downregulation on in vivo mice, ex vivo hair follicles, and in vitro DPC. These findings suggest that ZYX plays important roles in the pathogenesis of AGA and stem cell properties of DPC and may potentially be used as a therapeutic target in AGA.

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