scholarly journals Relationship Between Cyclic Changes in the Hair Follicle and Sweat Gland Size in Cattle

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Schleger
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Gland Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cyclic Changes

The morphology of hair follicles has been studied in 23 Africander-Hereford crossbred yearlings. Eleven hair growth phases were recognized as a result of work on two animals. The piloapocrine units representing each phase have been illustrated by tracings. The mean length, diameter, length-diameter ratio, and area of sweat glands corresponding to each phase have been tabulated and illustrated.

scholarly journals The Sweat Glands and Hair Follicles of European Cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mcewan Jenkinson ◽  
T Nay
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
European Cattle

Measurements were made on the skins of 1363 cattle from different European breeds. The mean values of these measurements have been tabulated for each breed and the skin types present in each breed or group of breeds have been determined using sweat gland shape (LID) and hair follicle depth (FrY) as the principal bases of comparison.

scholarly journals The Sweat Glands and Hair Follicles of Asian, African, and South American Cattle

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mcewan jenkinson ◽  
T Nay
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
South American ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Measurements were made on the skins of 471 Asian, 281 African, and 186 South American cattle from different breeds, and the mean values have been tabulated. The skin types present in each breed or group of breeds were determined using sweat gland shape (LID), i.e.

Skin structure of Egyptian buffaloes and cattle with particular reference to sweat glands

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. E. Hafez ◽  
A. L. Badreldin ◽  
M. M. Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Dermal Papillae

The structure, distribution and dimensions of skin strata and sweat glands have been investigated in Egyptian buffaloes and cattle. Samples from sixteen body regions were taken from three adult bulls of both species. Identical studies were also made on one buffalo calf and two buffalo embryos. Serial vertical and horizontal sections were cut from each body region using the ‘terpineol paraffin wax’ method. The following results were obtained.1. Buffalo skin is characterized by dermal papillae enclosing papillomatous epidermis. The fibrous structure of the dermis is similar in both species. In buffaloes, the average thickness of skin, main epidermis, papillomatous epidermis, and cornium is 6·5 mm., 50, 115, and 11μ respectively. The epidermis coefficient is 12 for the main epidermis and 18 for the papillomatous epidermis. In cattle, the average thickness of skin, epidermis and cornium layer is 4·3 mm., 51 and 5 μ respectively, while the epidermis coefficient is 8.2. The average number of hair follicles per sq.cm. of skin is 394 in the buffalo and 2633 in cattle. Each hair follicle is accompanied by two large lobulated sebaceous glands in the buffalo, and one small bilobed gland in cattle.3. There is no species difference in the histology of the sweat glands. Each hair follicle is accompanied by one sweat gland in both species. In the buffalo, the body of the sweat gland is oval and convoluted, while the duct is twisted at its attachment to the body. In cattle, the body of the gland is elongated while the duct is straight. The number of sweat glands per sq.cm. of skin is 394 in the buffalo and 2633 in cattle. The dimensions of the sweat glands are larger in buffaloes than in cattle. The length, circumference and sweating surface of the gland is 0·58, 0·47, and 0·276 sq.mm. in the buffalo, and 0·47, 0·26, and 0·124 sq.mm. in cattle respectively. The glandular surface of sweat glands per sq.cm. of skin is 1·07 sq.cm. in the buffalo and 3·08 sq.cm. in cattle.4. The type of sweat gland secretion is apocrine in both species. In the buffalo, successive stages of apocrine secretion are observed, and the merocrinelike form is rare. In cattle, the merocrine-like form prevails and the other stages are very rare. The theory (Findlay & Yang, 1950) of intraluminal transformation, of secretory products from coarse granularity to fluid homogeneity is supported. The effect of locality on the type of sweating activity is stressed.5. There are species differences in the distribution of blood vessels and capillaries. In the subepidermal level, the arterial branches are more frequent and superficial in buffaloes than in cattle. Capillaries are found in the dermal papillae of buffalo skin. The capillary loops encircling the hair follicle are more frequent in cattle than in buffaloes. The blood capillaries supplying the sebaceous glands are more numerous in the buffalo than in cattle. The blood supply of sweat glands is poor in both species.6. There are age differences in the skin histology. The number of hair follicles per sq.cm. of skin in a 5-months-old embryo, calf at birth, and adult buffaloes is 10560, 1248 and 400 respectively. There are no skin glands in the 1-month and 5-months-old embryos. The sweat gland in the calf is small in size and similar in structure to that of the adult. Calves have fewer sweat glands than adults.7. The body conformation and the degree of pigmentation are affected by species, breed and locality.8. The secreting activity of the sweat glands may be affected by the locality.9. It seems that there are species differences in the mechanism of heat convection and radiation, insensible perspiration and sensible perspiration, due to histological differences.

scholarly journals Molecular Pathways Involved in Promoting Activity of Timosaponin BII on Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Zhiyi Chen ◽  
Jianhua Li ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Anagen Phase ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides

Hair loss is a common disease in dermatology, while the approved drugs may have unpredictable side effects. In this study, the effect of timosaponin BII extracted from Anemarrhena asphodeloides on hair growth of C57BL/6 mice was investigated by measuring the hair follicle morphology, hair growth length and area in C57BL/6 male mice, and the immunohistochemical analysis of β-catenin, Wnt3a, and Wnt10b in the dorsal skins of mice after topical application with minoxidil and timosaponin BII for 15 days. The decrease in skin brightness, the increase in the regrowing area of hair and hair follicles numbers, and the improvement of hair follicle morphology in the group applied with 0.5% timosaponin BII indicated an induction of the anagen phase in telogenic mice skin, which were comparative to the 2% minoxidil treatment. The immunohistochemical analysis detected an increase in the expression of β-catenin and Wnt10b, supporting the theory of the activation of the β-catenin/Wnt pathway was one of the pathways that are related to anagen phase induction. Anemarrhena asphodeloides is a herb commonly used for metabolic disorders in China. The present study is the first to show that the timosaponin BII, which is present at a high concentration in A. asphodeloides, promotes hair growth in C57BL/6 male mice. The results indicate that timosaponin BII may be a potential promoting agent for hair growth.

scholarly journals Dermal exosomes containing miR-218-5p promote hair regeneration by regulating β-catenin signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. eaba1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Hu ◽  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
Halle Lutz ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
Teng Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Hair Regrowth ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anagen Phase ◽  
Hair Follicle Cycle

The progression in the hair follicle cycle from the telogen to the anagen phase is the key to regulating hair regrowth. Dermal papilla (DP) cells support hair growth and regulate the hair cycle. However, they gradually lose key inductive properties upon culture. DP cells can partially restore their capacity to promote hair regrowth after being subjected to spheroid culture. In this study, results revealed that DP spheroids are effective at inducing the progression of the hair follicle cycle from telogen to anagen compared with just DP cell or minoxidil treatment. Because of the importance of paracrine signaling in this process, secretome and exosomes were isolated from DP cell culture, and their therapeutic efficacies were investigated. We demonstrated that miR-218-5p was notably up-regulated in DP spheroid–derived exosomes. Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging were used to demonstrate that DP spheroid–derived exosomes up-regulated β-catenin, promoting the development of hair follicles.

Some skin characters in five breeds of European (Bos taurus) dairy cattle

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nay ◽  
RH Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Gland Volume

Observations were made of a number of skin characters in five breeds of European (Bos taurus L.) dairy cattle. Skin samples were taken from the cattle in January and July. There were differences between breeds in sweat gland volume and length! diameter ratio, in skin and papillary layer thickness, in the ratio skin thickness/papillary layer thickness, and in the degree of shrinkage in transverse sections cut from the papillary layer. There were no differences between breeds in density of follicle population (and hence sweat glands) per unit area of skin. Sweat gland volume, skin thickness, and papillary layer thickness were larger in winter than in summer, but there were no such differences for sweat gland length/ diameter ratio, the ratio skin thickness/papillary layer thickness, and follicle population density. The only significant overall correlations between characters were those between sweat gland volume and sweat gland length/diameter ratio, and sweat gland volume and papillary layer depth.

The activity of hair follicles in parabiotic rats

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438
Author(s):  
F. J. Ebling ◽  
G. R. Hervey
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Cycle ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Graft Skin ◽  
Follicular Activity

Hair growth in the rat occurs in a series of waves, which start ventrally and pass over the flanks to the back (Dry, 1926; Butcher, 1934; Johnson, 1958a). The activity of the hair follicle is cyclic; when the hair has been fully formed there is a period of quiescence during which the dead hair is retained as a ‘club’. The duration of the complete cycle varies with site and age, ranging from 24 to about 100 days (Ebling & Johnson, 1964). When hair follicles are translocated, they continue to maintain the periodicity characteristic of their sites of origin (Ebling & Johnson, 1959). On the other hand, when skin is exchanged between rats of different ages and thus with their hair growth waves out of phase, follicular activity in the graft skin in some circumstances comes into line with the activity of the host (Ebling & Johnson, 1961).

scholarly journals A genetic basis of variation in eccrine sweat gland and hair follicle density

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (32) ◽  
pp. 9932-9937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana G. Kamberov ◽  
Elinor K. Karlsson ◽  
Gerda L. Kamberova ◽  
Daniel E. Lieberman ◽  
Pardis C. Sabeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Gland ◽  
Eccrine Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

Among the unique features of humans, one of the most salient is the ability to effectively cool the body during extreme prolonged activity through the evapotranspiration of water on the skin’s surface. The evolution of this novel physiological ability required a dramatic increase in the density and distribution of eccrine sweat glands relative to other mammals and a concomitant reduction of body hair cover. Elucidation of the genetic underpinnings for these adaptive changes is confounded by a lack of knowledge about how eccrine gland fate and density are specified during development. Moreover, although reciprocal changes in hair cover and eccrine gland density are required for efficient thermoregulation, it is unclear if these changes are linked by a common genetic regulation. To identify pathways controlling the relative patterning of eccrine glands and hair follicles, we exploited natural variation in the density of these organs between different strains of mice. Quantitative trait locus mapping identified a large region on mouse Chromosome 1 that controls both hair and eccrine gland densities. Differential and allelic expression analysis of the genes within this interval coupled with subsequent functional studies demonstrated that the level of En1 activity directs the relative numbers of eccrine glands and hair follicles. These findings implicate En1 as a newly identified and reciprocal determinant of hair follicle and eccrine gland density and identify a pathway that could have contributed to the evolution of the unique features of human skin.

Localization of androgen receptors in human skin by immunohistochemistry: implications for the hormonal regulation of hair growth, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Choudhry ◽  
M. B. Hodgins ◽  
T. H. Van der Kwast ◽  
A. O. Brinkmann ◽  
W. J. A. Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Dermal Papillae

ABSTRACT A mouse monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal region of human androgen receptor (AR) was used to identify receptors by immunoperoxidase staining in frozen serial sections of skin from scalp, face, limb and genitalia of men and women aged 30–80 years. AR staining was restricted to cell nuclei. In sebaceous glands, AR were identified in basal and differentiating sebocytes. The percentage of receptor-positive basal sebocyte nuclei in the temple/forehead region was greater in males (65%) than in females (29%). AR staining was restricted to the cells of dermal papillae in anagen and telogen hair follicles. The percentage of dermal papillae containing AR was greater in males (58%) than in females (20%). The number of positively stained dermal papillae was lowest in female scalp skin. In 163 hair follicles sectioned, AR were absent from germinative matrix, outer root sheath (including the bulge region), inner root sheath, hair shaft and hair bulb, and from the capillaries present in some large dermal papillae. AR were present in pilosebaceous duct keratinocytes, suggesting that androgens may influence pilosebaceous duct keratinization. AR were also identified in interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts although, in both cell types, intensity and frequency of staining were greatest in genital skin. AR were identified in luminal epithelial cells of apocrine glands in genital skin and in certain cells of the secretory coils of eccrine sweat glands in all body sites. This study indicates that androgens regulate sebaceous gland and hair growth by acting upon two different types of target cells, the epithelial sebocytes of sebaceous glands and the mesenchymal cells of the hair follicle dermal papilla. AR staining in either cell type was not influenced by age in adults. The distribution of AR in human skin is consistent with the diverse effects of androgens on the structure and function of skin and its appendages. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 467–475

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