Cell shapes on the surface of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Danny L. Brower ◽  
R. J. Smith ◽  
Michael Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Cellular Morphology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Wing Imaginal Discs ◽  
Shallow Groove

Antibodies that bind to antigens on the surfaces of imaginal disc cells can be used to visualize the cellular morphology of the disc exterior. Using this technique, we have examined wing imaginal discs at various times during the third larval instar, paying particular attention to those areas where the anteroposterior and dorsoventral compartment borders are located. We have been unable to detect any distinguishing feature in the shapes of the cells at the anteroposterior compartment border. However, there is a line of unusually shaped cells extending across the disc, from anterior to posterior and which, in the central region of the disc, takes the form of a shallow groove in the epithelium. A number of observations suggest that this line is coincident with the dorsoventral compartment border.

Development and differentiation in vitro of Drosophila imaginal disc cells from dissociated early embryos

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
Andreas Dübendorfer ◽  
Glen Shields ◽  
James H. Sang
Keyword(s):  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Pattern Specification

Embryos of Drosophila melanogaster, 6–8 h after oviposition, were dissociated and the cells cultured in vitro. Besides larval cell types, imaginal disc cells, assembled and growing in bloated monolayered vesicles, were obtained. The cells of these vesicles become competent to differentiate adult structures when treated with α-ecdysone or ecdysterone in vitro. Recognizable patterns of the adult fly are not formed though. If metamorphosis of imaginal cell vesicles from in vitro-cultures is induced in vivo by transplantation into host larvae of various ages within the third larval instar, recognizable patterns can differentiate provided the host larva does not metamorphose prior to 2 days after transplantation. The frequency of specific patterns in the implants can be increased by providing 9 days of culture in vivo (adult host flies) before metamorphosis. Passage through the third larval instar is not essential for these cells to produce identifiable patterns since culture in adult flies alone can achieve this. The quality of the differentiated pattern is not correlated with the extent of cell proliferation in the cultured tissues. The problem of pattern specification in vitro and in vivo is discussed.

Boundaries in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc organize vein-specific genetic programs

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (21) ◽  
pp. 4245-4257 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Biehs ◽  
M.A. Sturtevant ◽  
E. Bier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Wing Imaginal Disc ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Drosophila Wing

Previous studies have suggested that vein primordia in Drosophila form at boundaries along the A/P axis between discrete sectors of the larval wing imaginal disc. Genes involved in initiating vein development during the third larval instar are expressed either in narrow stripes corresponding to vein primordia or in broader ‘provein’ domains consisting of cells competent to become veins. In addition, genes specifying the alternative intervein cell fate are expressed in complementary intervein regions. The regulatory relationships between genes expressed in narrow vein primordia, in broad provein stripes and in interveins remains unknown, however. In this manuscript, we provide additional evidence for veins forming in narrow stripes at borders of A/P sectors. These experiments further suggest that narrow vein primordia produce secondary short-range signal(s), which activate expression of provein genes in a broad pattern in neighboring cells. We also show that crossregulatory interactions among genes expressed in veins, proveins and interveins contribute to establishing the vein-versus-intervein pattern, and that control of gene expression in vein and intervein regions must be considered on a stripe-by-stripe basis. Finally, we present evidence for a second set of vein-inducing boundaries lying between veins, which we refer to as paravein boundaries. We propose that veins develop at both vein and paravein boundaries in more ‘primitive’ insects, which have up to twice the number of veins present in Drosophila. We present a model in which different A/P boundaries organize vein-specific genetic programs to govern the development of individual veins.

scholarly journals Regulated delivery controls Drosophila Hedgehog, Wingless and Decapentaplegic signaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Hatori ◽  
Thomas B. Kornberg
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Bone Morphogenic Protein ◽  
Wing Imaginal Disc ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Disc Cells

AbstractMorphogen signaling proteins disperse across tissues to activate signal transduction in target cells. We investigated dispersion of Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wg), and Bone morphogenic protein homolog Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, and found that delivery to targets is regulated. Cells take up <5% Hh produced, and neither amounts taken up nor extent of signaling changes under conditions of Hh production from 50-200% normal amounts. Similarly, cells take up <25% Wg produced, and variation in Wg production from 50-700% normal has no effect on amounts taken up or signaling. Similar properties were observed for Dpp. Wing disc-produced Hh signals to disc-associated tracheal and myoblast as well as an approximately equal number of disc cells, but the extent of signaling in the disc is unaffected by the presence or absence of the tracheal cells and myoblasts. These findings show that target cells do not take up signaling proteins from a common pool and that both the amount and destination of delivered morphogens are regulated..SummaryThe extent of Hh, Wg, and Dpp signaling is independent of the amount of signal produced or the number of recipient cells.

The growth and differentiation in vitro of leg and wing imaginal disc cells from Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Currie ◽  
M.J. Milner ◽  
C.W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
In Vitro Culture System ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Wing Imaginal Discs ◽  
Cuticular Structures ◽  
Pupal Cuticle ◽  
Wing Cell

We have devised a new in vitro culture system in which cells from dissociated Drosophila leg and wing imaginal discs grow and differentiate. Primary cultures consist of epithelial and fibroblast-like cells, together with some lamellocyte-like cells. These cultures have given rise to continuously dividing leg and wing cell lines, in which epithelial, fibroblast-like, lamellocyte-like and distinct sickle-shaped cells are found. Vesicles composed of epithelial cells form in primary cultures and these differentiate imaginal cuticular structures under the influence of 20-hydroxyecdysone. Two types of cuticle-like material are formed spontaneously in established cultures. One type is present as thin, untanned sheets resembling apolysed pupal cuticle, while the other consists of thicker, tanned material similar to imaginal cuticle.

scholarly journals Microarray Comparison of Anterior and Posterior Drosophila Wing Imaginal Disc Cells Identifies Novel Wing Genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Ibrahim ◽  
Brian Biehs ◽  
Thomas B. Kornberg ◽  
Ansgar Klebes
Keyword(s):  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Wing Imaginal Disc ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Disc Cells

scholarly journals Regulated delivery controls Drosophila Hedgehog, Wingless and Decapentaplegic signaling

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Hatori ◽  
Brent M Wood ◽  
Guilherme Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Thomas B Kornberg
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Bone Morphogenic Protein ◽  
Wing Imaginal Disc ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Myoblast Cells

Morphogen signaling proteins disperse across tissues to activate signal transduction in target cells. We investigated dispersion of Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt homolog Wingless (Wg), and Bone morphogenic protein homolog Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. We discovered that delivery of Hh, Wg, and Dpp to their respective targets is regulated. We found that <5% of Hh and <25% of Wg are taken up by disc cells and activate signaling. The amount of morphogen that is taken up and initiates signaling did not change when the level of morphogen expression was varied between 50-200% (Hh) or 50-350% (Wg). Similar properties were observed for Dpp. We analyzed an area of 150 mm x 150 mm that includes Hh-responding cells of the disc as well as overlying tracheal cells and myoblasts that are also activated by disc-produced Hh. We found that the extent of signaling in the disc was unaffected by the presence or absence of the tracheal and myoblast cells, suggesting that the mechanism that disperses Hh specifies its destinations to particular cells, and that target cells do not take up Hh from a common pool.

Cell lines derived from late embryonic stages of Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogene Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Third ◽  
Insect Tissue Culture ◽  
Disc Cells

The development of three cell lines initiated from the late embryonic stages of Drosophila melanogaster is described. The primary cultures consisted of trypsinized fragments from embryos 20–24 h old. The length of time between primary culture and subsequent subculture varied from 8 months for the first line to 3 weeks for the third. All three lines have been maintained in vitro for more than a year. The characteristics of each line are given and evidence is presented that at least one line is derived from imaginal disc cells. A few comments on insect tissue culture in general are also made.

scholarly journals CDC42 and Rac1 control different actin-dependent processes in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium.

1995 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Eaton ◽  
P Auvinen ◽  
L Luo ◽  
Y N Jan ◽  
K Simons
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
The Third ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Shape Changes

Cdc42 and Rac1 are members of the rho family of small guanosinetriphosphatases and are required for a diverse set of cytoskeleton-membrane interactions in different cell types. Here we show that these two proteins contribute differently to the organization of epithelial cells in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. Drac1 is required to assemble actin at adherens junctions. Failure of adherens junction actin assembly in Drac1 dominant-negative mutants is associated with increased cell death. Dcdc42, on the other hand, is required for processes that involve polarized cell shape changes during both pupal and larval development. In the third larval instar, Dcdc42 is required for apico-basal epithelial elongation. Whereas normal wing disc epithelial cells increase in height more than twofold during the third instar, cells that express a dominant-negative version of Dcdc42 remain short and are abnormally shaped. Dcdc42 localizes to both apical and basal regions of the cell during these events, and mediates elongation, at least in part, by effecting a reorganization of the basal actin cytoskeleton. These observations suggest that a common cdc42-based mechanism may govern polarized cell shape changes in a wide variety of cell types.

scholarly journals kurtz, a Novel Nonvisual Arrestin, Is an Essential Neural Gene in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 1281-1295
Author(s):  
Gregg Roman ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Ronald L Davis
Keyword(s):  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
P Element ◽  
The Third ◽  
Late Embryogenesis ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fat Bodies

Abstract The kurtz gene encodes a novel nonvisual arrestin. krz is located at the most-distal end of the chromosome 3R, the third gene in from the telomere. krz is expressed throughout development. During early embryogenesis, krz is expressed ubiquitously and later is localized to the central nervous system, maxillary cirri, and antennal sensory organs. In late third instar larvae, krz message is detected in the fat bodies, the ventral portion of the thoracic-abdominal ganglia, the deuterocerebrum, the eye-antennal imaginal disc, and the wing imaginal disc. The krz1 mutation contains a P-element insertion within the only intron of this gene and results in a severe reduction of function. Mutations in krz have a broad lethal phase extending from late embryogenesis to the third larval instar. The fat bodies of krz1 larva precociously dissociate during the midthird instar. krz1 is a type 1 melanotic tumor gene; the fat body is the primary site of melanotic tumor formation during the third instar. We have functionally rescued these phenotypes with both genomic and cDNA transgenes. Importantly, the expression of a full-length krz cDNA within the CNS rescues the krz1 lethality. These experiments establish the krz nonvisual arrestin as an essential neural gene in Drosophila.

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