scholarly journals Early cyclical changes in polyamine synthesis during sea-urchin development

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Carol-Ann Manen ◽  
Diane H. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Early Cleavage ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Cleavage Stages

The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, undergo dramatic cyclical variation in both synthesis and accumulation during the early cleavage stages of sea-urchin development. Ornithine decarboxylase activity (putrescine synthesis) in developing Strongylocentrotus purpuratus exhibits maxima at ½ and 2 h after fertilization; increases in ornithine decarboxylase activity appear to correspond to the first and second S phases. Putrescine-stimulated S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase (spermidine synthesis) and spermidine-stimulated S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase (spermine synthesis) activities reflect rises during prophase-metaphase of the first and second divisions in two species of sea urchins. Cyclical changes in the concentrations of these three amines were evident also. In general, there were drops in the levels of the amines prior to cleavage. These rapid declines in polyamine concentrations may reflect (1) selective degradation or (2) selective secretion.

scholarly journals Dissociation of tumour-promoter-induced effects on prostaglandin release, polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation of 3T3 cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lanz ◽  
K Brune
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Prostaglandin Release ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate induces tumour promotion, inflammation, cell proliferation and prostaglandin release. Recent reports suggest that the prostaglandins released by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) initiate a cascade of events leading to polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation. In experiments designed to test this contention, it was found that addition of TPA (1 microM to 1 nM) to confluent mouse 3T3 fibroblasts successively caused the release of prostaglandins E2 and I2, induction of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, and cell proliferation. Pretreatment of the cells with the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone (1 microM) or the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (1 microM) inhibited TPA-induced prostaglandin release. However, dexamethasone enhanced the other effects of TPA, whereas indomethacin was ineffective. Addition of prostaglandin E2 to the cultures did not induce ornithine decarboxylase activity and cell proliferation. Pretreatment of the cells with 1,3-diaminopropane (1 mM) or alpha-methylornithine (5 mM), inhibitors of polyamine synthesis, decreased TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity without affecting DNA synthesis. TPA stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, even when the ornithine decarboxylase activity was completely blocked. These data suggest that the proliferative effect of TPA on 3T3 cells is independent of prostaglandin release and polyamine synthesis.

scholarly journals Deoxyribonucleic acid and polyamine synthesis in rat ventral prostate. Effects of age of the intact rat and androgen stimulation of the castrated rat with testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone and 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol

1977 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E E K Takyi ◽  
D J M Fuller ◽  
L J Donaldson ◽  
G H Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between polyamine synthesis, growth and secretion in vivo was examined in ventral prostates from: (a) intact rats aged 3-60 weeks; (b) animals castrated for 7 days before injection with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-5-alpha-androstan-3-one), testosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol for up to 10 days; (c) rats injected with the 3 beta, 17 beta-diol immediately after castration. Ornithine decarboxylase activity and the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine were measured. DNA-synthetic activity was monitored by measuring [125I]iododoxyuridine incorporation. An enhanced spermidine/spermine molar ratio reflected increased activity of the prostate. The ratio was higher (greater than 2) in prostates from sexually immature animals, than in the intact adult (1.5), suggesting that the ratio was indicative of the proliferative activity of the tissue. However, in the androgen-stimulated castrated rat, enhanced spermidine/spermine ratios tended to correlate with hypertrophy and secretion. In both sets of experiments there was a linear relationship between protein and spermidine content. High spermidine/spermine molar ratios were the consequence of a relatively low rate of accumulation of spermine relative to spermidine and protein. The relationship between polyamine synthesis and DNA-synthetic activity was investigated in cultured prostate. A combination of insulin (3 mug/ml) and testosterone (0.1 muM caused a stimulatory response in the incorporation of [125I]iododeoxyuridine and in cell division, despite a depleted polyamine content and low ornithine decarboxylase activity in the cultured tissue.

scholarly journals Polyamine synthesis in bone marrow granulocytes: effect of cell maturity and early changes following an inflammatory stimulus

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029
Author(s):  
WH Evans ◽  
CK Grieshaber ◽  
WC Miller ◽  
SM Wilson ◽  
HA Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Stimulus ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Bone Marrow Granulocytes

Enriched fractions of mature and immature neutrophil granulocytes, isolated from guinea pig bone marrow, were assayed for ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content. The results show that immature granulocytes contain at least ten times more ornithine decarboxylase activity and two times more spermidine than mature granulocytes. The incorporation of 14C-ornithine into putrescine and spermidine of intact immature granulocytes was three to four times and ten times, respectively, that of mature granulocyte preparations. Six hours after an inflammatory stimulus, transient increases of 14-fold and 3-fold in the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl- L-methionine decarboxylase, respectively, were observed in immature bone marrow granulocytes. At this time the incorporation of 14C- ornithine into putrescine and spermidine in bone marrow granulocytes from stimulated animals was 14 times that of cells from controls. A maximum increase in DNA synthesis in these cells during the inflammatory response occurred 6 hr after the maximum increase in the polyamine synthetic activity. Together these data suggest that polyamine synthesis in the granulocyte compartment of the bone marrow is associated chiefly with immature proliferating cells and that increased polyamine synthesis precedes increased granulocyte proliferation in the bone marrow following an inflammatory stimulus.

scholarly journals Polyamine synthesis in bone marrow granulocytes: effect of cell maturity and early changes following an inflammatory stimulus

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Evans ◽  
CK Grieshaber ◽  
WC Miller ◽  
SM Wilson ◽  
HA Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Stimulus ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Bone Marrow Granulocytes

Abstract Enriched fractions of mature and immature neutrophil granulocytes, isolated from guinea pig bone marrow, were assayed for ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content. The results show that immature granulocytes contain at least ten times more ornithine decarboxylase activity and two times more spermidine than mature granulocytes. The incorporation of 14C-ornithine into putrescine and spermidine of intact immature granulocytes was three to four times and ten times, respectively, that of mature granulocyte preparations. Six hours after an inflammatory stimulus, transient increases of 14-fold and 3-fold in the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl- L-methionine decarboxylase, respectively, were observed in immature bone marrow granulocytes. At this time the incorporation of 14C- ornithine into putrescine and spermidine in bone marrow granulocytes from stimulated animals was 14 times that of cells from controls. A maximum increase in DNA synthesis in these cells during the inflammatory response occurred 6 hr after the maximum increase in the polyamine synthetic activity. Together these data suggest that polyamine synthesis in the granulocyte compartment of the bone marrow is associated chiefly with immature proliferating cells and that increased polyamine synthesis precedes increased granulocyte proliferation in the bone marrow following an inflammatory stimulus.

scholarly journals Effects of aliphatic diamines on rat liver ornithine decarboxylase activity

1978 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Pegg ◽  
C Conover ◽  
A Wrona
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity

Rat liver ornithine decarboxylase activity was decreased by administration of putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) or other diamines, including 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane and 1,6-diaminohexane. This effect was seen in control rats and in rats in which hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity had been increased by administration of growth hormone (somatotropin) or thioacetamide. Loss of activity was not dependent on the conversion of putrescine into polyamines and was short-lived. Within 6h after intraperitoneal administration of 0.8 mmol/kg body wt., ornithine decarboxylase activity had returned to normal values. This return correlated with the rapid loss of the diamines from the liver, and the decrease in activity could be slightly prolonged by treatment with aminoguanidine, a diamine oxidase inhibitor. A decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity by these diamines was accompanied by the accumulation in the liver of a nondiffusible inhibitor that decreased the activity of a purified ornithine decarboxylase preparation. The possibility that administration of non-physiological diamines that are not converted into polyamines might be useful for the inhibition of polyamine synthesis is discussed.

Spermine is major polyamine in sea urchins: studies of polyamines and their synthesis in developing sea urchins

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-345
Author(s):  
Carol-Ann Manen ◽  
Diane H. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Rapid Turnover ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Micro Organisms

Polyamine synthesis and accumulation was studied in several species of developing sea urchins. Most striking is the presence in the gametes of a large amount of spermine, with low amounts of putrescine and spermidine. This contrasts with the pattern of polyamines present in both micro-organisms and mammals. Micro-organisms contain mainly putrescine and spermidine and adult mammalian tissues usually contain equimolar concentrations of spermidine and spermine. During development (i.e. to gastrulation) there is a large increase in the spermidine concentration with relatively little change in either putrescine or spermine levels. After gastrulation, both spermidine and spermine concentrations are elevated. These new accumulations parallel the new synthesis of rRNA that occurs after gastrulation. Enzyme activity patterns parallel the changes detected in the concentrations of the polyamines with the exception of ornithine decarboxylase activity. This exception may be due to the rapid turnover of putrescine, the precursor for the synthesis of spermidine and spermine.

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