scholarly journals Dissection of genetic regulation of compound inflorescence development inMedicago truncatula

Development ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. dev158766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Cheng ◽  
Guifen Li ◽  
Yuhong Tang ◽  
Jiangqi Wen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Inflorescence Development

scholarly journals Morphogenesis, meristems and maize: Genetic regulation of inflorescence development in plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 319 (2) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Paula McSteen ◽  
Andrea Skirpan ◽  
Solmaz Barazesh ◽  
Xianting Wu ◽  
Kim Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Maize Genetic

scholarly journals Cereal inflorescence: features of morphology, development and genetic regulation of morphogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-775
Author(s):  
O. B. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
A. E. Dresvyannikova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Morphology Development ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

Cereals (Poaceae Barnh.) are the largest family of monocotyledonous flowering plants growing on all continents and constituting a significant part of Earth's many ecological communities. The Poaceae includes many important crops, such as rice, maize, wheat, barley, and rye. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cereal inflorescences are directly related to yield and are determined by the features of inflorescence development. This review considers modern concepts of the morphology, development and genetic mechanisms regulating the cereal inflorescence development. A common feature of cereal inflorescences is a spikelet, a reduced branch that bears florets with a similar structure and common scheme of development in all cereals. The length and the structure of the main axis, the presence and type of lateral branches cause a great variety of cereal inflorescences. Complex cereal inflorescences are formed from meristems of several types. The transition from the activity of one meristem to another is a multi-step process. The genes involved in the control of the cereal inflorescence development have been identified using mutants (mainly maize and rice) with altered inflorescence and floret morphology; most of these genes regulate the initiation and fate of meristems. The presence of some genetic mechanisms in cereals confirms the models previously discovered in dicotyledonous plants; on the other hand, there are cereal-specific developmental processes that are controlled by new modules of genetic regulation, in particular, associated with the formation of a branched inflorescence. An important aspect is the presence of quantitative variability of traits under the control of developmental genes, which is a prerequisite for the use of weak alleles contributing to the variability of plant growth and yield in breeding programs (for example, genes of the CLAVATA signaling pathway).

scholarly journals Improving architectural traits of maize inflorescences

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongliang Chen ◽  
Andrea Gallavotti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Architectural Traits

AbstractThe domestication and improvement of maize resulted in radical changes in shoot architecture relative to its wild progenitor teosinte. In particular, critical modifications involved a reduction of branching and an increase in inflorescence size to meet the needs for human consumption and modern agricultural practices. Maize is a major contributor to global agricultural production by providing large and inexpensive quantities of food, animal feed, and ethanol. Maize is also a classic system for studying the genetic regulation of inflorescence formation and its enlarged female inflorescences directly influence seed production and yield. Studies on the molecular and genetic networks regulating meristem proliferation and maintenance, including receptor-ligand interactions, transcription factor regulation, and hormonal control, provide important insights into maize inflorescence development and reveal potential avenues for the targeted modification of specific architectural traits. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the molecular mechanisms controlling inflorescence formation and discuss how this knowledge can be applied to improve maize productivity in the face of present and future environmental challenges.

scholarly journals Feeling the heat: developmental and molecular responses of wheat and barley to high ambient temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 5740-5751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine N Jacott ◽  
Scott A Boden
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract The increasing demand for global food security in the face of a warming climate is leading researchers to investigate the physiological and molecular responses of cereals to rising ambient temperatures. Wheat and barley are temperate cereals whose yields are adversely affected by high ambient temperatures, with each 1 °C increase above optimum temperatures reducing productivity by 5–6%. Reproductive development is vulnerable to high-temperature stress, which reduces yields by decreasing grain number and/or size and weight. In recent years, analysis of early inflorescence development and genetic pathways that control the vegetative to floral transition have elucidated molecular processes that respond to rising temperatures, including those involved in the vernalization- and photoperiod-dependent control of flowering. In comparison, our understanding of genes that underpin thermal responses during later developmental stages remains poor, thus highlighting a key area for future research. This review outlines the responses of developmental genes to warmer conditions and summarizes our knowledge of the reproductive traits of wheat and barley influenced by high temperatures. We explore ways in which recent advances in wheat and barley research capabilities could help identify genes that underpin responses to rising temperatures, and how improved knowledge of the genetic regulation of reproduction and plant architecture could be used to develop thermally resilient cultivars.

Phenotypic dissection of bone mineral density facilitates the identification of skeletal site specificity on the genetic regulation of bone

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kemp John ◽  
Medina-Gomez Carolina ◽  
Estrada Karol ◽  
H M Heppe Denise ◽  
M Zillikens Carola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Site

Principal component-derived bone density phenotypes and genetic regulation of the pediatric skeleton

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Mitchell ◽  
Alessandra Chesi ◽  
Shana McCormack ◽  
Diana Cousminer ◽  
Heidi Kalkwarf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Principal Component

Aflatoxins biosynthesis, toxicity and intervention strategies: A review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Food Commodities

Aflatoxins (AFTs) are toxic products of fungal metabolism, associated with serious health consequences and substantial economic losses to agriculture, livestock and poultry sectors, particularly in the developing countries. This review outlines the current information on AFTs in terms of historical background, classification, relative occurrence and co-existence with other mycotoxins in various food commodities. The phenomenon of aflatoxin (AFT) biosynthesis has been elucidated with reference to molecular basis, genetic regulation and factors affecting the AFT production. Moreover, the in vivo disposition kinetics, toxicological action and toxico-pathological consequences of AFTs have also been highlighted. Currently employed strategies for the detection and detoxification of AFTs, biomarkers of exposure assessment, potential economic impact and regulatory considerations regarding the AFTs have been emphasized.

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