scholarly journals A role for leaf epidermis in the control of leaf size and the rate and extent of mesophyll cell division

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Marcotrigiano
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Leaf Epidermis

discordia mutations specifically misorient asymmetric cell divisions during development of the maize leaf epidermis

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (20) ◽  
pp. 4623-4633 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gallagher ◽  
L.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Cytochalasin D ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Cytoskeletal Structure ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Preprophase Bands

In plant cells, cytokinesis depends on a cytoskeletal structure called a phragmoplast, which directs the formation of a new cell wall between daughter nuclei after mitosis. The orientation of cell division depends on guidance of the phragmoplast during cytokinesis to a cortical site marked throughout prophase by another cytoskeletal structure called a preprophase band. Asymmetrically dividing cells become polarized and form asymmetric preprophase bands prior to mitosis; phragmoplasts are subsequently guided to these asymmetric cortical sites to form daughter cells of different shapes and/or sizes. Here we describe two new recessive mutations, discordia1 (dcd1) and discordia2 (dcd2), which disrupt the spatial regulation of cytokinesis during asymmetric cell divisions. Both mutations disrupt four classes of asymmetric cell divisions during the development of the maize leaf epidermis, without affecting the symmetric divisions through which most epidermal cells arise. The effects of dcd mutations on asymmetric cell division can be mimicked by cytochalasin D treatment, and divisions affected by dcd1 are hypersensitive to the effects of cytochalasin D. Analysis of actin and microtubule organization in these mutants showed no effect of either mutation on cell polarity, or on formation and localization of preprophase bands and spindles. In mutant cells, phragmoplasts in asymmetrically dividing cells are structurally normal and are initiated in the correct location, but often fail to move to the position formerly occupied by the preprophase band. We propose that dcd mutations disrupt an actin-dependent process necessary for the guidance of phragmoplasts during cytokinesis in asymmetrically dividing cells.

Cell division in the Arabidopsis leaf epidermis

2009 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. S175-S176
Author(s):  
Sarah Robinson ◽  
Enrico Coen ◽  
Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz ◽  
Andrew Bangham ◽  
Samantha Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Epidermis

scholarly journals Cytokinin promotes jasmonic acid accumulation in the control of maize leaf growth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee N. Uyehara ◽  
Angel R. Del Valle-Echevarria ◽  
Charles T. Hunter ◽  
Hilde Nelissen ◽  
Kirin Demuynck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Pathway Gene

AbstractGrowth of plant organs results from the combined activity of cell division and cell expansion. The coordination of these two processes depends on the interplay between multiple hormones that determine final organ size. Using the semidominant Hairy Sheath Frayed1 (Hsf1) maize mutant, that hypersignals the perception of cytokinin (CK), we show that CK can reduce leaf size and growth rate by decreasing cell division. Linked to CK hypersignaling, the Hsf1 mutant has increased jasmonic acid (JA) content, a hormone that can inhibit cell division. Treatment of wild type seedlings with exogenous JA reduces maize leaf size and growth rate, while JA deficient maize mutants have increased leaf size and growth rate. Expression analysis revealed increased transcript accumulation of several JA pathway genes in the Hsf1 leaf growth zone. A transient treatment of growing wild type maize shoots with exogenous CK also induced JA pathway gene expression, although this effect was blocked by co-treatment with cycloheximide. Together our results suggest that CK can promote JA accumulation possibly through increased expression of specific JA pathway genes.One sentence summaryCytokinin-signaling upregulates the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway, resulting in jasmonate accumulation and influences on maize leaf growth.

scholarly journals GA-mediated spatial control of cell division expounds the leaf size variation between cultivated and wild rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Jathar ◽  
Kumud Saini ◽  
Ashish Chauhan ◽  
Ruchi Rani ◽  
Yasunori Ichihashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Size Regulation ◽  
Rice Leaf ◽  
Length Regulation ◽  
Oryza Australiensis

Leaf size is a major determinant of crop performance by influencing leaf physiological processes, such as light capture, transpiration, and gas exchange. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of leaf size regulation is imperative for crop improvement. Natural variation in leaf size for a crop plant is a valuable genetic resource for a detailed understanding of leaf size regulation. We investigated the mechanism controlling the rice leaf length using cultivated and wild rice accessions that showed remarkable differences for the leaf features. Comparative transcriptomic profiling of the contrasting accessions suggested the involvement of Gibberellic Acid (GA), Growth Regulating Factor (GRF) transcription factors, and cell cycle in the rice leaf size regulation. Leaf kinematics studies showed that the increased domain of cell division activity along with a faster cell production rate drove the longer leaves in the wild rice Oryza australiensis compared to the cultivated varieties. Higher GA levels in the leaves of Oryza australiensis, and GA-induced increase in the rice leaf length via an increase in cell division zone emphasized the key role of GA in rice leaf length regulation. Zone-specific expression and silencing of the GA biosynthesis and signaling genes confirmed that OsGRF7 and OsGRF8 function downstream to GA for controlling cell cycle to determine the rice leaf length. The GA-GRF-cell cycle module for rice leaf length regulation might have contributed to optimizing leaf features during the domestication and could also be a way for plants to achieve leaf plasticity in response to the environment.

Organelle distribution and cell differentiation in the formation of stomatal complexes in barley

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1623-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Zeiger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Organelle Movement ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Asymmetrical Divisions ◽  
Interference Phase

Interference – phase contrast observations of leaf epidermis in barley revealed the arrangement of organelles in cells that form stomatal complexes. Organelle movement and alignment were highly correlated with the process of cell division and differentiation that leads to mature stomata. Organelle rearrangement was most marked at the asymmetrical divisions that formed subsidiary cells of stomatal complexes.

Pendimethalin Phytotoxicity to Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Powell Amaranth (Amaranthus powellii)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Malefyt ◽  
William B. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Proper Timing ◽  
Amaranthus Powellii

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. ♯3ABUTH) and Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powelliiS. Wats. ♯ AMAPO) control with pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] was dependent on proper timing of application. Preemergence and early postemergence pendimethalin treatments provided effective control, but control rapidly diminished with later postemergence treatments, particularly on Powell amaranth. Time-course studies on the effects of pendimethalin on the growth of these species indicated that pendimethalin inhibited shoot growth by slowing or stopping the production of leaves and branches, as well as reducing leaf size and internode length. Pendimethalin appeared to have its greatest effect on portions of the shoot undergoing cell division.

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