scholarly journals Dynamic Changes in Cervical Glycosaminoglycan Composition during Normal Pregnancy and Preterm Birth

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (7) ◽  
pp. 3493-3503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucel Akgul ◽  
Roxane Holt ◽  
Mark Mummert ◽  
Ann Word ◽  
Mala Mahendroo
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Macromolecular Assembly ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Ha Synthase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Human Cervix

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) have diverse functions that regulate macromolecular assembly in the extracellular matrix. During pregnancy, the rigid cervix transforms to a pliable structure to allow birth. Quantitative assessment of cervical GAG is a prerequisite to identify GAG functions in term and preterm birth. In the current study, total GAG levels increased at term, yet the abundance, chain length, and sulfation levels of sulfated GAG remained constant. The increase in total GAG resulted exclusively from an increase in hyaluronan (HA). HA can form large structures that promote increased viscosity, hydration, and matrix disorganization as well as small structures that have roles in inflammation. HA levels increased from 19% of total GAG in early pregnancy to 71% at term. Activity of the HA-metabolizing enzyme, hyaluronidase, increased in labor, resulting in metabolism of large to small HA. Similar to mice, HA transitions from high to low molecular weight in term human cervix. Mouse preterm models were also characterized by an increase in HA resulting from differential expression of the HA synthase (Has) genes, with increased Has1 in preterm in contrast to Has2 induction at term. The Has2 gene but not Has1 is regulated in part by estrogen. These studies identify a shift in sulfated GAG dominance in the early pregnant cervix to HA dominance in term and preterm ripening. Increased HA synthesis along with hyaluronidase-induced changes in HA size in mice and women suggest diverse contributions of HA to macromolecular changes in the extracellular matrix, resulting in loss of tensile strength during parturition.

scholarly journals Cervical remodeling in term and preterm birth: insights from an animal model

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala Mahendroo
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Tissue Stiffness ◽  
Cervical Remodeling ◽  
Subsequent Loss ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth ◽  
Human Cervix ◽  
Ripening Of The Cervix

Proper cervical function is essential for a normal pregnancy and birth to occur. Understanding the mechanisms that take place in normal pregnancy will allow a better comprehension of the complications involved in premature cervical remodeling and lead to better methods of diagnostics and prevention for preterm birth. Unfortunately, human samples are not easily available, and samples that are collected are often confounded by variations in timing and region of cervix from which sample is collected. Animal models, specifically the mouse, have facilitated a great deal of exploration into the mechanisms of cervical function and pathways of preterm birth. This review highlights some of the groundbreaking discoveries that have arisen from murine research including 1) the identification of early pregnancy changes in collagen fibril processing and assembly that result in progressive modifications to collagen architecture with subsequent loss of tissue stiffness during pregnancy, 2) the determination that immune cells are not key to cervical ripening at term but have diverse phenotypes and functions inpostpartumrepair, and 3) the finding that the process of preterm cervical ripening can differ from term ripening and is dependent on the etiology of prematurity. These findings, which are relevant to human cervical biology, provide new insights that will allow targeted studies on the human cervix as well as identify potential biomarkers for early detection of premature cervical ripening and development of improved therapies to prevent premature ripening of the cervix and subsequent preterm birth.

scholarly journals Serum Decorin, Biglycan, and Extracellular Matrix Component Expression in Preterm Birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Jenna M. Mennella ◽  
Lori A. Underhill ◽  
Sophia Collis ◽  
Geralyn M. Lambert-Messerlian ◽  
Richard Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Collagen Vi ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Early Indicators

AbstractPreterm birth is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Decorin and biglycan are proteoglycans that play key roles in maintaining the connective tissue matrix and tensile strength of human fetal membranes and have been previously linked to PPROM. Extracellular matrix proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2), and collagen VI (COL-6), have also been linked to PPROM and may have utility in a serum-based screening model for this condition. To define the natural course of serum decorin and biglycan expression throughout the duration of healthy pregnancy, to explore patterns of serum decorin and biglycan expression in serum of asymptomatic women who go on to develop spontaneous preterm labor, and to investigate the potential role for matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors, and collagen VI in a serum-based screening model to predict PPROM. Serum decorin level decreases less than 1% per week, and serum biglycan decreases by 2.9% per week over the duration of healthy pregnancy. Serum decorin and biglycan concentrations do not differ in spontaneous preterm labor cases compared with those in controls. Mean concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and COL-6 do not differ in PPROM cases compared with those in controls. We have demonstrated that serum decorin and biglycan concentrations remain stable throughout the duration of normal pregnancy and are not early indicators of preterm labor, while common MMPs, TIMPs, and collagen VI are not early indicators of PPROM.

scholarly journals Maternal Uterine Vascular Remodeling During Pregnancy

Physiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Osol ◽  
Maurizio Mandala
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Growth And Remodeling ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Uteroplacental Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Circulation

Sufficient uteroplacental blood flow is essential for normal pregnancy outcome and is accomplished by the coordinated growth and remodeling of the entire uterine circulation, as well as the creation of a new fetal vascular organ: the placenta. The process of remodeling involves a number of cellular processes, including hyperplasia and hypertrophy, rearrangement of existing elements, and changes in extracellular matrix. In this review, we provide information on uterine blood flow increases during pregnancy, the influence of placentation type on the distribution of uterine vascular resistance, consideration of the patterns, nature, and extent of maternal uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy, and what is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms.

Hypoxia-Induced Changes in Extracellular Matrix Metabolism in Renal Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Norman ◽  
C. Orphanides ◽  
P. Garcia ◽  
L.G. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Matrix Metabolism ◽  
Induced Changes

STATUS OF OXIDANT (MDA) ANTIOXIDANT (SOD) IN FIRST AND THIRD TRIMESTER OF NORMAL PREGNANCY IN TERTIARY CENTER OF CENTRAL INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Tamrakar Seema ◽  
Sachdeva Payasvi ◽  
Tripathi Rashmi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Central India ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
High Metabolic Demand

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy is associated with high metabolic demand and increased demand for tissue oxygen. Consequently increased production of reactive oxygen species. This leads in increased oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant status during gestational age of normal pregnant women. Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate the level of oxidant and antioxidant in 1st and 3rd trimester of normal pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study included total 150 cases attended ANC Clinic at the department of Gynae LNMC & J K Hospital was screened for the study. Level of MDA was estimated by Jean et al and SOD was Marklund and Marklund. RESULTS: Findings were, that there was signicantly increase in Malondialdehyde levels (p<0.001) and signicantly decrease in superoxide dismutase activities (P<0.001) in 1st and 3rd trimester of normal pregnant women. Conclusion: present study concludes that there was difference in oxidative status due to dynamic changes. During pregnancy oxidative stress is increased and antioxidant decreased that can be fatal to the health of the mother and the fetus. Therefore antioxidant supplements should be prescribed in early pregnancy to prevent the overwhelming of oxidative stress in pregnant females.

Prostaglandin-induced changes in the pregnant human cervix

1984 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rath ◽  
P. Theobald ◽  
H. Kühnle ◽  
W. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Induced Changes ◽  
Human Cervix

scholarly journals Dynamic changes of the extracellular matrix during corneal wound healing

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 107704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Lorenzo-Martín ◽  
Patricia Gallego-Muñoz ◽  
Santiago Mar ◽  
Itziar Fernández ◽  
Pilar Cidad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Corneal Wound Healing ◽  
Corneal Wound
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