Use of Immobilized Biomass as Low-Cost Technology for Bioremediation of PAHs Contaminated Sites

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Mauricio J. Alessandrello
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Immobilized Biomass

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of effects of an open-pit coal mine to groundwater

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Viktória Mikita ◽  
Balázs Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Contaminant Plumes ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Groundwater Regime

In this study we investigated the hydrogeological problems of an open-pit brown coal mine in the Borsod coal basin with Processing Modflow software. The coal mine is located in the valley of the Sajó-river with high transmissivity overburden layer where the traditional dewatering solutions were not encouraging due to inrush risks and low cost-efficiency. A new way of barrier forming was found out and numerically simulated to prove the efficiency of the solution. Since there are several contaminated sites in the surroundings it was a key factor to assure that the new mine dewatering technique has only a negligible effect on the groundwater regime that undisturbs the known contaminant plumes nearby.

scholarly journals Background for phytotechnologies applied at multimetal contaminated sites in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Lidija Svirenko ◽  
Alevtina Nossova
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Dangerous Level

Ukraine is a country with a great diversity of natural conditions, developed agricultureand industrial sectors such as mining, metallurgy, machinery and chemical branches, Theuse of outdated technologies has resulted in landscape degradation and environmentcontamination. Sites with the dangerous level of contamination located at rivers'floodplain in industrial centers, near the spoil banks, especially burning, landfills,grounds for sludge and dredged sediment damping. Leachate from municipal \WSte dampis a source of environment pollution. For multi-metal contaminated sites, the treatmentwith phytotechnologies is proposed as a low cost and environmentally friendlyalternative. Willows are discussed as local plants for phytostabilization. Plants - hyperaccumulators could be found in Ukraine too and are used in the application ofphytotechnologies. Experimental work has to be done before the technique could beapplied in situ.

A Remediation Study of Soils Contaminated by Chlorinated Hydrocarbons with Mechanical Soil Aeration

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 751-759
Author(s):  
Yi Shi ◽  
Fa Sheng Li ◽  
Xiao Ming Du ◽  
Zhu Xu ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Similar Concentration ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Lower Vapor Pressure

Mechanical soil aeration is an effective and low cost ex-situ remediation technique suitable for large areas of volatile organic contaminated sites. To understand the effectiveness of the remediation technique, the current study remediated an abandoned industry site for a typical chlor-alkali chemical using this technology. The results showed that the technology is effective in the remediation of volatile organic compounds with a pass percentage greater than 90%. The results also showed that a lower vapor pressure or higher molecular weight with the similar concentration of pollution resulted in higher residual concentrations, which need increasing agitation frequency or machine power to promote the volatilization of pollutants. In addition, we found that the more pollution or water or organic matters (more than 1%) contained, the higher concentration of residual. These type of soils should be remediated not only by physical agitations but also by other strengthen measures and long period. The present study aims to promote the remediation of contaminated sites, especially large areas contaminated by volatile contaminants.

scholarly journals Application of horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor for bioremediation of acid mine drainage

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Rodriguez ◽  
D. V. Vich ◽  
M. L. Garcia ◽  
M. B. A. Varesche ◽  
M. Zaiat
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Effluent Recirculation ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Immobilized Biomass

The production of low-pH effluent with sulfate and metals is one of the biggest environmental concerns in the mining industry. The biological process for sulfate reduction has the potential to become a low-cost solution that enables the recovery of interesting compounds. The present study analyzed such a process in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor, employing ethanol as the carbon and energy source. Results showed that a maximal efficiency in the removal of sulfate and ethanol could only be obtained by reducing the applied sulfate load (225.1 ± 38 g m−3 d−1). This strategy led to over 75% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfate removal. Among the COD/SO42− studied ratios, 0.67 showed the most promising performance. The effluent's pH has naturally remained between 6.8 and 7.0 and the complete oxidation of the organic matter has been observed. Corrections of the influent pH or effluent recirculation did not show any significant effect on the COD and sulfate removal efficiency. Species closely related to strains of Clostridium sp. and species of Acidaminobacter hydrogenomorfans and Fusibacter paucivorans that can be related to the process of sulfate reduction were found in the HAIB reactors when the initial pH was 5 and the COD/SO42− ratio increased to 1.0.

scholarly journals Oyster Shell Powder, Zeolite and Red Mud as Binders for Immobilising Toxic Metals in Fine Granular Contaminated Soils (from Industrial Zones in South Korea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2530
Author(s):  
Cecilia Torres-Quiroz ◽  
Janith Dissanayake ◽  
Junboum Park
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Metal Mine ◽  
Oyster Shell Powder ◽  
Shell Powder

Low-cost absorbent materials have elicited the attention of researchers as binders for the stabilisation/solidification technique. As, there is a no comprehensive study, the authors of this paper investigated the performance of Oyster shell powder (OS), zeolite (Z), and red mud (RM) in stabilising heavy metals in three types of heavy metal-contaminated soils by using toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Samples were collected from surroundings of an abandoned metal mine site and from military service zone. Furthermore, a Pb-contaminated soil was artificially prepared to evaluate each binder (100× regulatory level for Pb). OS bound approximately 82% of Pb and 78% of Cu in real cases scenario. While Z was highly effective in stabilizing Pb in highly polluted artificial soil (>50% of Pb) at lower dosages than OS and RM, it was not effective in stabilising those metals in the soils obtained from the contaminated sites. RM did not perform consistently stabilising toxic metals in soils from contaminated sites, but it demonstrated a remarkable Pb-immobilisation under dosages over than 5% in the artificial soil. Further, authors observed that OS removal efficiency reached up to 94% after 10 days. The results suggest that OS is the best low-cost adsorbent material to stabilize soils contaminated with toxic metals considered in the study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of microorganisms in Arachis pintoi roots on the potential of copper absorption in land

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Nga Diep Yen Dang ◽  
Trong Thi Kim Pham
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Copper Contaminated ◽  
Translocation Factors

The research was carried out to evaluate the potential phytoextraction and phytostability of perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi) and to determine the influence of the isolated microorganisms from the root nodules of Arachis pintoi on coppercontaminated soil to improve the ability of treatment metal in soil pollution. Perennial peanuts were planted in the experimental pots which had unsterilized and sterilized soil. Different quanlities of CuSO4.5H2O were directly homogenized into sieved soil to formulate mixtures containing Cu in concentrations (mg/kg) of 200, 400 and 600. In addition, sterilized soil was contaminated by adding Cu with 400 mg/kg. The other pots had copper- contaminated sterilized soil and was added the isolated microorganisms from the root nodules of Arachis pintoi. Our results showed that the perennial peanut had high phytomass production and grew normally in the soil with 200 mg/kg of Cu. The copper accumulation was determined of 668.2, 107 and 561.2 mg/kg in the whole plant, roots and shoots, respectively in plants which were cultivated in the soil with 200 mg/kg of Cu. In the soil with 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of Cu, the plants showed low biomass production and the plants had been poisonous. Both bioconcentration factors (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) were used to estimate a plant’s potential for the purpose of phytoremediation. The highest BCF and TF for Cu concentrations were 3.341 and 5.24 with 200 mg/kg of Cu, respectively. Both factors were higher than 1 therefore Archis pintoi is a potential plant for copper phytoextraction in copper contaminated sites at the concentration of 200-400 mg/kg. The isolated microrganism from the root nodules of Arachis pintoi on copper- contaminated soil was Burkholderia kururiensi PR1, which was a species of proteobacteria and stimulated plant growth. However, the result showed that Burkholderia kururiensi is unable to resistant to concentration of copper (25 mg/L). More research on the other isolated microorganisms of the root system to enhance the Cu accumulation in plants should be carried. Finally, these results showed the potential of the heavy metal phytoextraction of the perennial peanut in contaminated soil. It is easy to apply because of the low cost.

scholarly journals How Can We Make Pump and Treat Systems More Energetically Sustainable?

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Casasso ◽  
Tiziana Tosco ◽  
Carlo Bianco ◽  
Arianna Bucci ◽  
Rajandrea Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pump And Treat ◽  
Case Evaluation ◽  
Pumping Wells

Pump and treat (P&T) systems are still widely employed for the hydraulic containment of contaminated groundwater despite the fact that their usage is decreasing due to their high operational costs. A way to partially mitigate such costs, both in monetary and environmental terms, is to perform heat exchange (directly or with a heat pump) on the groundwater extracted by these systems, thus providing low-carbon and low-cost heating and/or cooling to buildings or industrial processes. This opportunity should be carefully evaluated in view of preserving (or even improving) the removal efficiency of the remediation process. Therefore, the heat exchange should be placed upstream or downstream of all treatments, or in an intermediate position, depending on the effect of water temperature change on the removal efficiency of each treatment step. This article provides an overview of such effects and is meant to serve as a starting reference for a case-by-case evaluation. Finally, the potentiality of geothermal use of P&T systems is assessed in the Italian contaminated Sites of National Interest (SIN), i.e., the 41 priority contaminated sites in Italy. At least 29 of these sites use pumping wells as hydraulic barriers or P&T systems. The total discharge rate treated by these plants exceeds 7000 m3/h and can potentially provide about 33 MW of heating and/or cooling power.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation technology, plant response to environmental contaminants and the need for soil augmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-499
Author(s):  
Ojo M. OSENI ◽  
Omotola E. DADA ◽  
Gideon O. OKUNLOLA ◽  
Ezekiel D. OLOWOLAJU ◽  
Michael S. AKINROPO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Living Organisms

Contaminants in the environment occur naturally and/or through anthropogenic activities. These contaminants become a threat to all living organisms because of their increased in the environment and non-biodegradable nature. In order to protect the environment from these contamination, various techniques have been developed, and among them is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a technology that employed plant species for reclaiming contaminated soil, air, and water. This technology has been widely accepted in recent times, because of its low cost and environmentally friendly. In addition, augmentation of the contaminated soil, either chemo augmentation or bioaugmentation, have been used for the effective absorption of some of these contaminants. When the plants are grown in the contaminated sites, the contaminant in the soil maybe removed, immobilized, degraded or volatized. These phytoremediation technologies are: phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, rhizofiltration, phyto-stimulation, phyto-stabilization and phytodegradation. Based on the phytoremediation potentials of plants, pollutants are being removed from the environment thereby keeping the environment safe. 

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

Chromic Acid Etching of Polyethylene

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
J. D. Muzzy ◽  
R. D. Hester ◽  
J. L. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Bulk Specimen ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Perfect Form ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Lamellar Texture ◽  
Cost Studies

Polyethylene is one of the most important plastics produced today because of its good physical properties, ease of fabrication and low cost. Studies to improve the properties of polyethylene are leading to an understanding of its crystalline morphology. Polyethylene crystallized by evaporation from dilute solutions consists of thin crystals called lamellae. The polyethylene molecules are parallel to the thickness of the lamellae and are folded since the thickness of the lamellae is much less than the molecular length. This lamellar texture persists in less perfect form in polyethylene crystallized from the melt.Morphological studies of melt crystallized polyethylene have been limited due to the difficulty of isolating the microstructure from the bulk specimen without destroying or deforming it.

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