Light Propagation in Meat and Meat Analog: Theory and Applications

This study assessed the effects of Methylcellulose (MC) at different concentrations on plant-based meat analog (PBMA) patties, comprised of commercial texture vegetable protein (C-TVP) and textured isolate soy protein (T-ISP) as key ingredients, and compared to beef patty control. A significantly higher difference was observed in moisture content in control with increasing MC concentration than the C-TVP and T-ISP patties. However, protein varied significantly among three different protein sources, with control had higher protein content than PBMA patties. Crude fiber content recorded higher values in C-TVP as compared to control. Significantly lower pH values were recorded in control than C-TVP and T-ISP respectively. Regardless, with the addition of MC or ingredient PBMA and control patties tend to reduce lightness (L*) and redness (a*) value after cooking. Although control sample before cooking exhibits lighter and redder than PBMA patties (C-TVP and T-ISP). Likewise, water holding capacity (WHC) decreases as the concentration of MC increases (1.5–4%) in control and PBMA patties. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and texture profile analysis (TPA), including hardness, chewiness, and gumminess of control, were significantly higher than C-TVP and T-ISP. Consequently, panelists’ in the sensory analysis presented that C-TVP patties containing 3% of MC had better sensory properties than T-ISP. Hence, PBMA patties with C-TVP and incorporation of 3% MC are considered ideal for manufacturing of meat analog as related to control (beef).

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Effects of mealworm larva composition and selected process parameters on the physicochemical properties of extruded meat analog

Food Science & Nutrition ◽

10.1002/fsn3.2414 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sun Young Cho ◽

Gi Hyung Ryu

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Meat Analog

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OAM light propagation through tissue

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82033-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Netanel Biton ◽

Judy Kupferman ◽

Shlomi Arnon

Keyword(s):

Light Propagation ◽

Biological Imaging ◽

Gaussian Beams ◽

Medical Implants ◽

Optical Wireless ◽

Scattering Media ◽

Valuable Contribution ◽

Light Beams ◽

First Time ◽

Diffuse Media

AbstractA major challenge in use of the optical spectrum for communication and imaging applications is the scattering of light as it passes through diffuse media. Recent studies indicate that light beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) can penetrate deeper through diffuse media than simple Gaussian beams. To the best knowledge of the authors, in this paper we describe for the first time an experiment examining transmission of OAM beams through biological tissue with thickness of up to a few centimeters, and for OAM modes reaching up to 20. Our results indicate that OAM beams do indeed show a higher transmittance relative to Gaussian beams, and that the greater the OAM, the higher the transmittance also up to 20, Our results extend measured results to highly multi scattering media and indicate that at 2.6 cm tissue thickness for OAM of order 20, we measure nearly 30% more power in comparison to a Gaussian beam. In addition, we develop a mathematical model describing the improved permeability. This work shows that OAM beams can be a valuable contribution to optical wireless communication (OWC) for medical implants, optical biological imaging, as well as recent innovative applications of medical diagnosis.

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Recent advancements and perspectives on light management and high performance in perovskite light-emitting diodes

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2021-0033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Shaoni Kar ◽

Nur Fadilah Jamaludin ◽

Natalia Yantara ◽

Subodh G. Mhaisalkar ◽

Wei Lin Leong

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Light Propagation ◽

Light Emission ◽

Review Article ◽

Rapid Progress ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Materials Engineering ◽

Perovskite Materials ◽

Light Management ◽

Photon Recycling

Abstract Perovskite semiconductors have experienced meteoric rise in a variety of optoelectronic applications. With a strong foothold on photovoltaics, much focus now lies on their light emission applications. Rapid progress in materials engineering have led to the demonstration of external quantum efficiencies that surpass the previously established theoretical limits. However, there remains much scope to further optimize the light propagation inside the device stack through careful tailoring of the optical processes that take place at the bulk and interface levels. Photon recycling in the emitter material followed by efficient outcoupling can result in boosting external efficiencies up to 100%. In addition, the poor ambient and operational stability of these materials and devices restrict further commercialization efforts. With best operational lifetimes of only a few hours reported, there is a long way to go before perovskite LEDs can be perceived as reliable alternatives to more established technologies like organic or quantum dot-based LED devices. This review article starts with the discussions of the mechanism of luminescence in these perovskite materials and factors impacting it. It then looks at the possible routes to achieve efficient outcoupling through nanostructuring of the emitter and the substrate. Next, we analyse the instability issues of perovskite-based LEDs from a photophysical standpoint, taking into consideration the underlying phenomena pertaining to defects, and summarize recent advances in mitigating the same. Finally, we provide an outlook on the possible routes forward for the field and propose new avenues to maximally exploit the excellent light-emitting capabilities of this family of semiconductors.

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