Plastics of the Future: Innovations for Improvement and Sustainability with Special Relevance to Biomedical Applications

2015 ◽  
pp. 234-243
Auditor ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Oksana Karepina

Th e article discusses new challenges to the system of supreme governmental audit bodies. The transformation of financial control bodies is necessary in modern conditions, as it allows to overcome the diffi culties of implementing control measures in a pandemic and to be able to reorient towards their implementation in the remote work mode, without reducing their effi ciency and quality. Th e article is devoted to the study of the rapidly proceeding processes of digitalization of state fi nancial control, which are acquiring special relevance in modern conditions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua Jin ◽  
Zhongning Liu ◽  
Yongkang Bai ◽  
Yongsheng Zhou ◽  
Xin Chen

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Nottle ◽  
A. C. Boquest ◽  
S. J. Harrison ◽  
C. G. Grupen ◽  
R. A. Faast ◽  
...  

The limitations of existing transgenic technology, the potential of cloning technology to overcome these, as well as technologies which may be available in the future for inserting new genetic material are discussed. Currently, transgenic livestock are produced by injecting hundreds to thousands of copies of a particular transgene into the pronucleus of a fertilised egg. This method suffers from a number of inherent limitations that prevent the full potential of this technology from being explored. Most of these limitations stem from the fact that it is impossible to control the site at which the transgene becomes inserted. Transgenic technology holds considerable promise for the livestock industries as well as having important biomedical applications. However, before any of these possibilities can be realised, technology is required whereby a single copy of a particular transgene can be inserted or ‘knocked in’ at a site that does not interfere with expression, as well as having the capacity to ‘knockout’ existing genes. This is possible in mice using a combination of homologous recombination and embryonic stem cell technologies. However, despite considerable effort worldwide, embryonic stem cells are yet to be isolated from any of the livestock species. The ability to clone these now means that somatic cells most notably fetal fibroblasts, can used for gene targeting purposes instead of embryonic stem cells. However, this method is not without its limitations and it is possible that more efficient methods will be developed in the future. In particular, the use of mammalian artificial chromosomes will extend this technology to allow combinations of transgenes as well as chromosomal segments to be incorporated, allowing us to explore the full potential of transgenic technology for agricultural as well as biomedical applications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Liang ◽  
Fei Tan ◽  
Yunqing Zhu

The biomedical applications of polyesters and polycarbonates are of interest due to their potential biocompatibility and biodegradability. Confined by the narrow scope of monomers and the lack of controlled polymerization routes, the biomedical-related applications of polyesters and polycarbonates remain challenging. To address this challenge, ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) has been exploited to prepare new alternating polyesters and polycarbonates, which would be hard to synthesize using other controlled polymerization methods. This review highlights recent advances in catalyst development, including the emerging dinuclear organometallic complexes and metal-free Lewis pair systems. The post-polymerization modification methods involved in tailoring the biomedical functions of resultant polyesters and polycarbonates are summarized. Pioneering attempts for the biomedical applications of ROCOP polyesters and polycarbonates are presented, and the future opportunities and challenges are also highlighted.


Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (30) ◽  
pp. 14099-14112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Xiaojia Liu ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Dandan Xu ◽  
Chunyan Liang ◽  
...  

This review focuses on the biocompatibility of micro/nano-motors (MNMs) with regard to the fabrication materials and propulsion mechanisms. The future prospective and suggestions on the development of MNMs towards practical biomedical applications are also proposed.


2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Ricciardi ◽  
Inke Pitz ◽  
Said F. Al-Sarawi ◽  
Vijay Varadan ◽  
Derek Abbott

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Pilarski ◽  
Michael D. Mehta ◽  
Timothy Caulfield ◽  
Karan V. I. S. Kaler ◽  
Christopher J. Backhouse

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Habraken ◽  
Pamela Habibovic ◽  
Matthias Epple ◽  
Marc Bohner

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