Sample Preparation and Extraction Techniques

2015 ◽  
pp. 1259-1270
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Extraction Techniques

scholarly journals Overview of Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Methods to Analysis Pharmaceutical Active Compounds in Waters Matrices

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Cristina M. M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Impact

In the environment, pharmaceutical residues are a field of particular interest due to the adverse effects to either human health or aquatic and soil environment. Because of the diversity of these compounds, at least 3000 substances were identified and categorized into 49 different therapeutic classes, and several actions are urgently required at multiple steps, the main ones: (i) occurrence studies of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the water cycle; (ii) the analysis of the potential impact of their introduction into the aquatic environment; (iii) the removal/degradation of the pharmaceutical compounds; and, (iv) the development of more sensible and selective analytical methods to their monitorization. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art sample preparation methods and chromatographic analysis applied to the study of PhACs in water matrices by pinpointing their advantages and drawbacks. Because it is almost impossible to be comprehensive in all PhACs, instruments, extraction techniques, and applications, this overview focuses on works that were published in the last ten years, mainly those applicable to water matrices.

scholarly journals Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alshymaa Aly ◽  
Tadeusz Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
No Sample Preparation

Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.

Two novel strategies in food sample preparation for the analysis of dietary polyphenols: Micro-extraction techniques and new silica-based sorbent materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Casado ◽  
Sonia Morante-Zarcero ◽  
Damián Pérez-Quintanilla ◽  
José S. Câmara ◽  
Isabel Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Food Sample ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Sorbent Materials

scholarly journals Extraction for analytical scale sample preparation (IUPAC Technical Report)

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 649-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Poole ◽  
Zoltan Mester ◽  
Manuel Miró ◽  
Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard ◽  
Janusz Pawliszyn
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Transfer Principles ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Analytical Scale

Abstract Approaches for sample preparation are developing rapidly as new strategies are implemented to improve sample throughput and to minimize material and solvent use in laboratory methods and to develop on-site capabilities. In majority of cases the key step in sample preparation is extraction, typically used to separate and enrich compounds of interests from the matrix in the extraction phase. In this contribution, the topic of analytical scale extraction is put in perspective emphasising the fundamental aspects of the underlying processes discussing the similarities and differences between different approaches. Classification of extraction techniques according to the mass transfer principles is provided.

scholarly journals Extraction Techniques in Sample Preparation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Samanidou
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Direct Introduction ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Instrument Technology

Sample preparation is the most crucial step in the analytical procedure designed for implementation in any analytical application (food analysis, bionalysis, forensics, toxicology, environmental monitoring etc). It is the limiting factor in chemical analysis since it is time consuming and it can potentially introduce errors. No one can doubt that the best approach would be the direct introduction of the sample to the instrument, however this is rarely feasible. Efficient sample pretreatment is inevitably required as the instrument technology has produced highly sophisticated and sensitive analytical equipment. Hence, the analytical scientists have to develop and apply a suitable sample preparation protocol that ensures that the composition of the sample remains unchanged, no impurities are introduced during handling, all interferences have been left back, the analytes’ concentration is not only at detectable levels, but it can also be quantified precisely and accurately and that the matrix of the sample is compatible with the analytical technique. Extraction techniques are the most powerful tool in hands of the analytical chemists and lab practitioners. Either sorbent based or solvent based, extraction techniques provide the necessary tool that can be used to handle the sample in a way that all information in it can be revealed, all advantages in instrumentation have been exploited to the fullest and the lifetime of the instrument is prolonged in a seamless operation mode.

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