Metallic Biomaterials in Orthopedic Implants

Biomaterials ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 118-161
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials

scholarly journals Biomimetic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Layer on Titanium Alloys

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Madalina Simona Baltatu ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Marcin Nabialek ◽  
Petrica Vizureanu ◽  
Gabriela Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Micro Indentation

Over the last decade, researchers have been concerned with improving metallic biomaterials with proper and suitable properties for the human body. Ti-based alloys are widely used in the medical field for their good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The TiMoZrTa system (TMZT) evidenced adequate mechanical properties, was closer to the human bone, and had a good biocompatibility. In order to highlight the osseointegration of the implants, a layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) was deposited using a biomimetic method, which simulates the natural growth of the bone. The coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro indentation tests and contact angle. The data obtained show that the layer deposited on TiMoZrTa (TMZT) support is hydroxyapatite. Modifying the surface of titanium alloys represents a viable solution for increasing the osseointegration of materials used as implants. The studied coatings demonstrate a positive potential for use as dental and orthopedic implants.

Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Implant Applications: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hainol Akbar Zaman ◽  
Safian Sharif ◽  
Mohd Hasbullah Idris ◽  
Anisah Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Molybdenum Alloys ◽  
Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum

Stainless steel, titanium alloys and cobalt chromium molybdenum alloys are classified under the metallic biomaterials whereby various surgical implants, prosthesis and medical devices are manufactured to replace missing body parts which may be lost through accident, trauma, disease, or congenital conditions. Among these materials, cobalt chromium molybdenum alloys are the common cobalt base alloy used for orthopedic implants due their excellence properties which include high corrosion resistance, high strength, high hardness, high creep resistance, biocompatibility and greater wear resistance. This paper summarises the various aspects and characteristic of metallic biomaterials such as stainless steel, titanium and cobalt chromium alloys for medical applications especially for orthopedic implant. These include material properties, biocompatibility, advantages and limitations for medical implants applications.

Fretting – Corrosion of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy in Oral Cavity Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Klekotka ◽  
Jan Ryszard Dąbrowski ◽  
Wojciech Karalus
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fretting Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Corrosion Studies

Fretting and fretting-corrosion processes in elements of kinematic pairs used for medical applications are observed in metallic orthopedic implants, dental prosthetics elements, and orthodontic appliances. In most cases, the degradation of biomaterials significantly limits their useful life and the comfort of patients. The products formed as a result of wear may lead to poisoning of the body and the occurrence of inflammatory states, which often results in the failure of medical therapy. Fretting-corrosion processes are being paid more and more attention, although there is not much data concerning the stomatognathic system. This article presents the results of fretting-corrosion studies of one of the most frequently used metallic biomaterials, CoCrMo cobalt alloy, in the presence of human saliva and its substitutes. The results of studies indicate that friction has a large influence on corrosion processes (fretting-corrosion). Artificial saliva compositions with favorable tribological and anti-corrosion properties were successfully developed and may find applications in the stomatognathic system, e.g. for the purpose of reducing the unfavorable effects of bruxism. Fretting-corrosion studies were performed using a self-designed original device. The obtained results of studies are of great significance in scientific and applicatory terms.

scholarly journals In-Depth Comparative Assessment of Different Metallic Biomaterials in Simulated Body Fluid

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2774
Author(s):  
Radu Mirea ◽  
Andrei Tiberiu Cucuruz ◽  
Laurentiu Constantin Ceatra ◽  
Teodor Badea ◽  
Iuliana Biris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials

Invitro experiments have been conducted on metallic biomaterials used for orthopedic implants in order to determine their behavior when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). Thus, 3Ti-based metallic biomaterial samples already available on the marked were purchased and immersed in simulated blood plasma, and kept at 37 °C for 4 months. In-depth characterization consisted of a wide series of structural characterizations of both the samples and SBF. Sample analysis consisted of the following: optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to establish the surface and deep corrosion, mass gain/loss assessment for determining the metallic ions loss and/or protective layer formation, and X-ray diffraction in order to establish if and what kind of layers are formed. SBF analysis consisted of using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) in order to establish if and/or how many metallic ions have dissociated from the metallic samples into the SBF, and measurements of pH and electrical conductivity. The key findings of the research are as follows: during the four months while kept in SBF, the samples show surface corrosion degradation and protective layer generation. Also, the amount of metallic ions dissociated into the SBF is making them suitable for use. Taking into account that it is highly improbable for such a large area of metal as the one considered within this work to be exposed to real body fluids and that all the samples have developed protective oxide films, the overall conclusion is that they are appropriate for implant use.

Biomineralization of Polymer Scaffolds

2010 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 269-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Katsanevakis ◽  
Xue Jun Wen ◽  
Dong Lu Shi ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Surface Modification Techniques

Bioceramics are an important subclass of inorganic, non-metallic biomaterials. Attributing to their bioactivity and the ability to form bonds with native bone, bioceramics are increasingly used in medical implants, especially for bone repair and regeneration. With chemical composition similar to that of native bone, hydroxyapatite (HAp), a type of bioceramics, may impart to biomaterial implants biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, as well as surface properties that are germane to osteointegration at the bone-implant interface. However, porous bioceramics are very brittle and have low fracture toughness and compressive strength, which limits their uses as bulk materials for orthopedic implants. Increasing their mechanical strength by reducing the porosity may prevent tissue infiltration, therefore, bone regeneration. In comparison, polymers may mimic the mechanical properties of native bone, however, may lack the appropriate surface properties to seamlessly integrate with natural bone. There is a critical need to combine the bulk properties of polymers with the surface properties of bioceramics in the design of functional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. There are several ways to incorporate bioceramics on scaffold surfaces, including plasma spraying, sputter coating, physical adsorption, laser deposition, and biomineralization. Biomineralization, which allows easy fabrication of bioceramics under physiological conditions, provides an effective means to produce bonelike minerals, e.g., HAp, on scaffold surfaces. By following the cascade of biological mineralization in vivo, biomineralization in vitro on polymers may be achieved using several different methods, including immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), alternative soaking in calcium and phosphate solutions, urea-mediated solution mineralization, enzymatic method, and direct incorporation of HAp nanoparticles into polymers. The uniformity, structure, and composition of the bioceramic coatings can be fine-tuned by governing bimineralization parameters such as composition and concentration of the immersion solution, immersion time, temperature, and agitation. A variety of surface modification techniques can be chosen to functionalize/activate polymer surfaces to facilitate biomineralization. In this review, the mechanism for biomineralization in vivo, different mechanisms and methods for biomineralization in vitro, surface modifications for enhanced biomineralization, polymers for biomineralization, and biomineralization for drug delivery will be discussed in details.

Controlling the Biodegradation of Magnesium Implants Through Nanostructured Coatings

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Iskandar ◽  
Jaclyn Y. Lock ◽  
Arash Aslani ◽  
Huinan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Cell Culture Conditions

Magnesium (Mg) alloys, a novel class of degradable, metallic biomaterials, have attracted growing interest as a promising alternative for medical implant and device applications due to their advantageous mechanical and biological properties. Moreover, magnesium is biodegradable in the physiological environments. The major obstacle for Mg to be used as medical implants is its rapid degradation in physiological fluids. Therefore, the present key challenge lies in controlling Mg degradation rate in the physiological environment. The objective of this study is to develop a nanostructured-hydroxyapatite (nHA) coating on Mg implants to control the degradation and bone tissue integration of the implants. Nanostructured-HA coatings are deposited on magnesium using the Spire’s patented TPA process to moderate the aggressive degradation of magnesium and to improve fast osteointegration between magnesium and natural bone. Morphology and element compositions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The degradation of nHA coated Mg and uncoated Mg was investigated by incubating samples in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) under standard cell culture conditions. The degradation results suggest the nanocoatings positively mediated magnesium degradation. Therefore, nHA coatings are promising for controlling the biodegradation of magnesium-based orthopedic implants and devices.

Micro Characterization of Mg and Mg Alloy for Biodegradable Orthopedic Implants Application

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Gong ◽  
Antonios Kontsos ◽  
Yoontae Kim ◽  
Peter I. Lelkes ◽  
Qingwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Metallic Biomaterial ◽  
Culture Environment ◽  
New Generation

Magnesium as a candidate metallic biomaterial for biodegradable orthopedic implants was evaluated in-vitro in terms of degradation behavior, biocompatibility and mechanical property both in macro- and micro-scale. Micro structure of pure Mg and AZ61 after degradation in both simulated body fluid (SBF) and cell culture environment were analyzed. Different from AZ61, pure Mg degraded at a higher rate and attracted large amount of salt precipitation which formed a layer covering the surface. Much less pitting degradation and salt deposition were observed on both pure Mg and AZ61 in cell culture environment compared to in SBF. After culturing for 7 days, EAhy926 cells growing on AZ61 showed significant higher proliferation rate as of cells growing on pure Mg. Higher proliferation rates indicated that cells grew better on slow-degrading AZ61 than on fast-degrading pure Mg. Cells growing on AZ61 proliferated much better and assembled together to form a consistent tissue-like micro-structure, while cells spread and reached out on the surface of pure Mg, possibly due to low cell density and lack of cellular communication. The elastic modulus and tensile yield strength of magnesium are closer to those of natural bone than other commonly used metallic biomaterials. It was shown that Mg was biodegradable, biocompatible and had appropriate mechanical strength, thus Mg and its alloys showed great potential for deployment in a new generation of biodegradable orthopedic implants.

Chemical, Structural and Mechanical Study of Metallic Biomaterials Used in Hip Arthroplasty

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Francisco Pinto Filho ◽  
Crislene Rodrigues da Silva Morais ◽  
Karla Valéria Miranda de Campos ◽  
José Jefferson da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Josué da Silva Burit
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Steel Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Mechanical Study ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Arthroplasty is a surgery that aims to replace the defective joint surfaces, aiming to restore their functions. Is employed in this type of surgery that metallic materials play a key role in the constitution of orthopedic prostheses. In this context, we studied the chemical composition, mechanical and structural behavior of stainless steel developed for applications as biomaterials used in the manufacture of orthopedic implants. In this paper, two prostheses were analyzed established brands in the market. Proceeded through the chemical Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Characterized the crystal structures of these materials by diffraction of X-ray and mechanical behavior using tensile test. We compared the results of chemical composition and strength of the samples according to ASTM F-138 (2008). The results of EDX showed the presence of chloride in stainless steel alloys as an impurity that can compromise the durability of the prosthesis. The XRD patterns showed the presence in austenitic stainless steel alloys. As the tensile strength of the alloys analyzed, values that are consistent with those presented in the standards were recorded. In a general analysis, it became apparent incompatibility of assessed as biomaterials for use in prosthetic alloys, although meets the structural and mechanical requirements.

Economic viability of β titanium alloys for application in orthopedic implants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magna Bibiano de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandra de Oliveira França Hayama ◽  
Rubens Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Economic Viability
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