scholarly journals In-Depth Comparative Assessment of Different Metallic Biomaterials in Simulated Body Fluid

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2774
Author(s):  
Radu Mirea ◽  
Andrei Tiberiu Cucuruz ◽  
Laurentiu Constantin Ceatra ◽  
Teodor Badea ◽  
Iuliana Biris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials

Invitro experiments have been conducted on metallic biomaterials used for orthopedic implants in order to determine their behavior when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). Thus, 3Ti-based metallic biomaterial samples already available on the marked were purchased and immersed in simulated blood plasma, and kept at 37 °C for 4 months. In-depth characterization consisted of a wide series of structural characterizations of both the samples and SBF. Sample analysis consisted of the following: optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to establish the surface and deep corrosion, mass gain/loss assessment for determining the metallic ions loss and/or protective layer formation, and X-ray diffraction in order to establish if and what kind of layers are formed. SBF analysis consisted of using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) in order to establish if and/or how many metallic ions have dissociated from the metallic samples into the SBF, and measurements of pH and electrical conductivity. The key findings of the research are as follows: during the four months while kept in SBF, the samples show surface corrosion degradation and protective layer generation. Also, the amount of metallic ions dissociated into the SBF is making them suitable for use. Taking into account that it is highly improbable for such a large area of metal as the one considered within this work to be exposed to real body fluids and that all the samples have developed protective oxide films, the overall conclusion is that they are appropriate for implant use.

Effect of Polarization Scan Rate on the Pitting Potential of the Self-Passivated NiTi Shape Memory Alloy in a Simulated Body Fluid

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Osak ◽  
Tomasz Goryczka ◽  
Bożena Łosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
The Self ◽  
Niti Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Scan Rate ◽  
Simulated Body Fluids

The pitting potential,Epit, of the passive layer on the implant alloy can be treated as an accelerated laboratory test to assessment a susceptibility to pitting corrosion of metallic biomaterials in simulated body fluids. This study deals with an evaluation ofEpitof the self-passivated TiO2layer formed on the surface of the NiTi implant alloy as a function of the scan rate of polarization. Cyclic potentiodynamic studies were performed in Ringer’s solution at 37°C. It was found out that the more noble value ofEpitin the range of 0.99-2 V was registered at a given polarization scan rate that ranged from 0.16 to 2 mV s-1, the lower susceptibility of the self-passivated NiTi implant alloy to the initiation of pits was detected.

scholarly journals Effect of Zn Content on Orthopedic Mg aAlloy as Smart Implant

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Omyma Ramadan Mohammed Khalifa ◽  
Abdel-Wahab Abd Elhamid Ali ◽  
Aisha Kassab ◽  
Amal Hemida Tilp ◽  
Marwa Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
The Media

In recent years, smart implants take the most attention in the field of bone manufacturing. Our study seeks to develop the biodegradability of Mg alloys to use orthopedic implants for the biomedical applications to avoid post removal of the implant. Mg and Zn are very important to human body and have no toxicity. Mg - 6% wt Zn biodegradability is studied in simulated body fluid for two and four weeks. Four electro-deposition bathes are used to deposit a coat on the substrate to improve the corrosion resistance of this alloy in the media of simulated body fluid. The following analyses were studied to emphasize the research aim. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis shows the surface morphology and the elements of the coat phases components. The results also confirmed by X-Ray diffraction Pattern (XRD) that show the phases that confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite HA phase, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the functional groups of the phases coats that confirm the formation of hydroxyapatite and the electrochemical measurements that investigate the improvement of corrosion resistance. The results indicated that the fourth bath gives the best coat and four weeks immersion gives more corrosion resistance than two weeks.

scholarly journals Metal ions leachables from fake orthodontic braces incubated in simulated body fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyam Haleem ◽  
Noor Ayuni Ahmad Shafiai ◽  
Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Release ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract Background The demand for fake braces usage in Southeast Asia are increasing but lack of certification and information on fake braces as medical devices from regulated bodies raised a concern towards its safety. The aim of this study was to determine the types of metal ion leachable from removable fake braces based on heavy metal ions present in metallic materials, immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) and analysed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Methods Three sets of fake braces and one control were dissembled to only their brackets and archwires and immersed separately in SBF. They were placed in an incubator shaker at a temperature of 37 °C at 50 rpm. A 3.0 ml measurement of SBF was taken out from the sample containers at days 7, 14 and 28 and kept at − 20 °C for further analysis. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0 (IBM, Armonk, USA) (P < 0.05). Descriptive and one-way ANOVA analyses with Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to assess the significant differences between the metal ions released in SBF from the control samples and fake braces. Results All 23 elements under investigation except Si ions were detected from the control samples and fake braces. There were significant increased K ions and reduced levels of Mg ions from the fake archwires and brackets. Most ions released were less than 10 mg/L (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb, Al) or 1 mg/L (Li, Ba) into the SBF medium. Conclusion There were significant release of Ca and K ions from the fake samples. Elements such as Li, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd and Sb had increased in concentration at day 7 and the concentration plateaued until day 28.

scholarly journals Metallic ion release from biocompatible cobalt-based alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Dimic ◽  
Ivana Cvijovic-Alagic ◽  
Ivana Kostic ◽  
Aleksandra Peric-Grujic ◽  
Marko Rakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Research Findings

Metallic biomaterials, which are mainly used for the damaged hard tissue replacements, are materials with high strength, excellent toughness and good wear resistance. The disadvantages of metals as implant materials are their susceptibility to corrosion, the elastic modulus mismatch between metals and human hard tissues, relatively high density and metallic ion release which can cause serious health problems. The aim of this study was to examine metallic ion release from Co-Cr-Mo alloy in artificial saliva. In that purpose, alloy samples were immersed into artificial saliva with different pH values (4.0, 5.5 and 7.5). After a certain immersion period (1, 3 and 6 weeks) the concentrations of released ions were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). The research findings were used in order to define the dependence between the concentration of released metallic ions, artificial saliva pH values and immersion time. The determined released metallic ions concentrations were compared with literature data in order to describe and better understand the phenomenon of metallic ion release from the biocompatible cobalt-based alloy.

Fatigue and Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Metallic Biomaterials

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 618-623
Author(s):  
Norio Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
The Relationship

A fretting fatigue test method in a simulated body fluid is shown to evaluate fatigue properties of metallic materials which are used in the orthopaedics field. Next, fatigue/fretting fatigue behavior in a simulated body fluid is given for 316L stainless steel, Ti-6% Al-4% V alloy, pure Ti for industrial use and Co-Cr-Mo alloy. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the tensile strength and the fatigue strength/fretting fatigue strength of metallic biomaterials at 107 cycles in air and in a simulated body fluid. For all of the biomaterials tested, the fatigue strength at 107 cycles is similar in air and in a simulated body fluid. The fatigue strength is closely correlated to the tensile strength: The fatigue strength increases with increasing tensile strength. However, a correlation is not observed between the fretting fatigue strength at 107 cycles and the fatigue strength or the tensile strength.

scholarly journals A study on corrosion resistance of ISO 5832-1 austenitic stainless steel used as orthopedic implant

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian N. M. Braguin ◽  
Caio A. J. da Silva ◽  
Larissa O. Berbel ◽  
Isolda Costa ◽  
Mitiko Saiki
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid Solution ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Electrochemical Tests

The ISO 5832-1 austenitic stainless steel used as biomaterial is largely applied in the area of orthopedics, especially in the manufacture of implants, such as temporary or permanent replacement of bone structures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the localized corrosion resistance of the ISO 5832-1 stainless steel used in orthopedic implants by electrochemical tests in two different solutions. The results of this study are of great interest to evaluate the corrosion of metallic implants that can result in the release of corrosion products into bodily fluids causing possible adverse biological reactions. The determination of the chemical elements in the composition of the ISO 5832-1 stainless steel was performed by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The samples for electrochemical tests were grinded with silicon carbide paper up to #4000 finishing, followed by mechanical polishing with diamond paste. The open circuit potential measurements and anodic polarization curves were obtained in solution of 0.90 wt. % of NaCl and of simulated body fluid (SBF). The results indicated that the ISO 5832-1 stainless steel presented a high resistance to crevice corrosion in simulated body fluid solution but high susceptibility to this form of corrosion in the chloride solution.  

Effect of TiO2 and SiO2 on Surface Reactivity of Calcium Phosphate Glasses in Simulated Body Fluid

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M.B. Silva ◽  
Rui N. Correia ◽  
J.M. Oliveira ◽  
Maria Helena F.V. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
System A ◽  
Dissolution Behaviour

This study compares the in vitro behaviour in SBF of glasses from two different systems, TiO2-CaO-P2O5 and SiO2-CaO-P2O5 with the same TiO2 and SiO2 molar content, in order to evaluate the effect of TiO2 and SiO2 on the surface reactivity of those glasses. The glass formation regions in both systems were observed for compositions with less than 40 mol% TiO2 and 40 mol% SiO2, respectively. Four glasses with similar TiO2 and SiO2 molar contents have been selected for comparison. These glasses are equimolar in CaO and P2O5 with TiO2 or SiO2 varying from 4 to 33 mol %. Powder glasses were immersed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) and kept at 37°C for different times, up to 14 days. Surfaces were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and specimen ion leaching to SBF was studied by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. Preliminary spectroscopic studies by Raman were performed to identify the structure of the glasses. For glasses of the SiO2-CaO-P2O5 system a significant dissolution of all ions was observed together with the formation of phosphoric acid. In opposition, the immersion of TiO2-CaO-P2O5 glasses produced a small Ca consumption and stable Ti and P concentrations, indicating the formation of a Ca-P rich layer on these glasses. The observed differences in the dissolution behaviour are tentatively explained in terms of the glass structures obtained by spectroscopy.

Electrochemical behaviour of some commercial stainless steel alloys in simulated body fluid electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bahrawy ◽  
Mohamed El-Rabiei ◽  
Hesham Elfiky ◽  
Nady Elsayed ◽  
Mohammed Arafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Steel Alloys ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Protective Oxide Film

Purpose The commercial stainless steels have been used extensively in the biomedicine application and their electrochemical behaviour in the simulated body fluid (SBF) are not uncovered obviously. In this research, the corrosion resistance of the commercial stainless steel of Fe–17Cr–xNi alloys (x = 4, 8, 10 and 14) has been studied. This study aims to evaluate the rate of corrosion and corrosion resistance of some Fe–Cr–Ni alloys in SBF at 37°C. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the corrosion resistance of the commercial stainless steel of Fe–17Cr–xNi alloys has been studied using open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization in the SBF at 37°C and pH 7.4 for a week. Also, the surface morphology of the four alloys was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, elemental composition was obtained via energy dispersive spectroscopy and the crystal lattice structure of Fe–17Cr–xNi alloys was obtained using X-ray diffraction technique. The chemical structure of the protective oxide film has been examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and metals ions released into the solution have been detected after different immersion time using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Findings The results revealed that the increase of the Ni content leads to the formation of the stable protective film on the alloys such as the Fe–17Cr–10Ni and Fe–17Cr–14Ni alloys which possess solid solution properties. The Fe–17Cr–14Ni alloy displayed highest resistance of corrosion, notable resistance for localized corrosion and the low corrosion rate in SBF because of the formation of a homogenously protective oxide film on the surface. The XPS analysis showed that the elemental Fe, Cr and Ni react with the electrolyte medium and the passive film is mainly composed of Cr2O3 with some amounts of Fe(II) hydroxide at pH 7.4. Originality/value This work includes important investigation to use commercial stainless steel alloys for biomedical application.

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