Analysis of the 2002 Equine West Nile Virus Outbreak in South Dakota Using GIS and Spatial Statistics

2011 ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Michael Wimberly ◽  
Erik Lindquist ◽  
Christine Wey
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Equine West Nile Virus

scholarly journals Effects of weather and landscape on the equine West Nile virus infection risk in Mississippi, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Equine West Nile Virus

The West Nile virus (WNv) continues to be a public health concern in North America. Dry weather appears to increase human WNv infection risks, but it is uncertain whether dry weather conditions exert similar effects on the corresponding equine WNv infection. This study assessed the effects of precipitation of the previous year and land cover diversity on the equine WNv risk of Mississippi, USA, at the county level in the year 2002 using Bayesian hierarchical models. The risk estimated for 2002 was found to be inversely related to annual precipitation of the preceding year. Equine WNv risks were lower with greater land cover diversity probably due to the diluting effects of biodiversity. Correlation between the equine and human WNv risks was positive but relatively low. Dry weather conditions of the previous year might reduce mosquito competitors and predators and subsequently increase mosquito abundances and equine WNv risks in agricultural areas with low biodiversity.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology of Human West Nile Virus Disease in South Dakota

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 5584-5602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wimberly ◽  
Paolla Giacomo ◽  
Lon Kightlinger ◽  
Michael Hildreth
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Environmental risk factors for equine West Nile virus disease cases in Texas

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Ward ◽  
Courtney A. Wittich ◽  
Geoffrey Fosgate ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Equine West Nile Virus

Greater Sage-Grouse survival varies with breeding season events in West Nile virus non-outbreak years

The Condor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A Parsons ◽  
Travis J Runia ◽  
Geoffrey P Vincent ◽  
Andrew J Gregory ◽  
Jonathan A Jenks
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Sage Grouse ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Conservation Concern

Abstract Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a species of conservation concern and is highly susceptible to mortality from West Nile virus (WNV). Culex tarsalis, a mosquito species, is the suspected primary vector for transmitting WNV to sage-grouse. We captured, radio-tagged, and monitored female sage-grouse to estimate breeding season (April 15 to September 15) survival, 2016–2017. Deceased sage-grouse were tested for active WNV; live-captured and hunter-harvested sage-grouse were tested for WNV antibody titers. Additionally, we trapped mosquitoes with CO2-baited traps 4 nights per week (542 trap nights) to estimate WNV minimum infection rate (MIR). Eight sage-grouse mortalities occurred during the WNV seasons of 2016 and 2017, 5 had recoverable tissue, and 1 of 5 tested positive for WNV infection. Survival varied temporally with sage-grouse biological seasons, not WNV seasonality. Survival was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56–0.78; n = 74) during the reproductive season (April 1 to September 15). Mammalian predators were the leading suspected cause of mortality (40%), followed by unknown cause (25%), avian predation (15%), unknown predation (15%), and WNV (5%). These results indicate WNV was not a significant driver of adult sage-grouse survival during this study. Three sage-grouse (1.9%; 95% CI: 0.5–5.9%) contained WNV antibodies. We captured 12,472 mosquitoes of which 3,933 (32%) were C. tarsalis. The estimated WNV MIR of C. tarsalis during 2016 and 2017 was 3.3 and 1.6, respectively. Our results suggest sage-grouse in South Dakota have limited exposure to WNV, and WNV was not a significant source of sage-grouse mortality in South Dakota during 2016 and 2017. Based on our finding that a majority of sage-grouse in South Dakota are susceptible to WNV infection, WNV could potentially have an impact on the population during an epizootic event; however, when WNV is at or near-endemic levels, it appears to have little impact on sage-grouse survival.

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