Exploring GIS, spatial statistics and remote sensing for risk assessment of vector-borne diseases: a West Nile virus example

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4/5/6) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Allen ◽  
David W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

Effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases: an updated focus on West Nile virus in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomit Paz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract One of the main impacts of climate change on health is the influence on vector-borne diseases (VBDs). During the last few years, yearly outbreaks of the West Nile virus (WNV) have occurred in many locations, providing evidence of ongoing transmission. Currently, it is the most widely distributed arbovirus in the world. Increases in ambient temperature have impacts on WNV transmission. Indeed, clear associations were found between warm conditions and WNV outbreaks in various areas. The impact of changes in rainfall patterns on the incidence of the disease is influenced by the amount of precipitation (increased rainfall, floods or droughts), depending on the local conditions and the differences in the ecology and sensitivity of the species of mosquito. Predictions indicate that for WNV, increased warming will result in latitudinal and altitudinal expansions of regions climatically suitable for transmission, particularly along the current edges of its transmission areas. Extension of the transmission season is also predicted. As models show that the current climate change trends are expected to continue, it is important to reinforce WNV control efforts and increase the resilience of population health. For a better preparedness, any assessment of future transmission of WNV should consider the impacts of the changing climate.

scholarly journals A novel approach for predicting risk of vector-borne disease establishment in marginal temperate environments under climate change: West Nile virus in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (178) ◽  
pp. 20210049
Author(s):  
David A. Ewing ◽  
Bethan V. Purse ◽  
Christina A. Cobbold ◽  
Steven M. White
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Uk

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs), such as dengue, Zika, West Nile virus (WNV) and tick-borne encephalitis, account for substantial human morbidity worldwide and have expanded their range into temperate regions in recent decades. Climate change has been proposed as a likely driver of past and future expansion, however, the complex ecology of host and vector populations and their interactions with each other, environmental variables and land-use changes makes understanding the likely impacts of climate change on VBDs challenging. We present an environmentally driven, stage-structured, host–vector mathematical modelling framework to address this challenge. We apply our framework to predict the risk of WNV outbreaks in current and future UK climates. WNV is a mosquito-borne arbovirus which has expanded its range in mainland Europe in recent years. We predict that, while risks will remain low in the coming two to three decades, the risk of WNV outbreaks in the UK will increase with projected temperature rises and outbreaks appear plausible in the latter half of this century. This risk will increase substantially if increased temperatures lead to increases in the length of the mosquito biting season or if European strains show higher replication at lower temperatures than North American strains.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of West Nile Virus: Rapid Risk Assessment of an Introduced Vector-Borne Zoonosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Brownstein ◽  
Hilary Rosen ◽  
Dianne Purdy ◽  
James R. Miller ◽  
Mario Merlino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Ecological Effects on the Dynamics of West Nile Virus and Avian Plasmodium: The Importance of Mosquito Communities and Landscape

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Martina Ferraguti ◽  
Josué Martínez-de la Puente ◽  
Jordi Figuerola
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Mosquito Communities

Humans and wildlife are at risk from certain vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and West Nile and yellow fevers. Factors linked to global change, including habitat alteration, land-use intensification, the spread of alien species, and climate change, are operating on a global scale and affect both the incidence and distribution of many vector-borne diseases. Hence, understanding the drivers that regulate the transmission of pathogens in the wild is of great importance for ecological, evolutionary, health, and economic reasons. In this literature review, we discuss the ecological factors potentially affecting the transmission of two mosquito-borne pathogens circulating naturally between birds and mosquitoes, namely, West Nile virus (WNV) and the avian malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Traditionally, the study of pathogen transmission has focused only on vectors or hosts and the interactions between them, while the role of landscape has largely been ignored. However, from an ecological point of view, it is essential not only to study the interaction between each of these organisms but also to understand the environmental scenarios in which these processes take place. We describe here some of the similarities and differences in the transmission of these two pathogens and how research into both systems may facilitate a greater understanding of the dynamics of vector-borne pathogens in the wild.

scholarly journals Predicted and observed mortality from vector-borne disease in wildlife: West Nile virus and small songbirds

2013 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marm Kilpatrick ◽  
Ryan J. Peters ◽  
Alan P. Dupuis ◽  
Matthew J. Jones ◽  
Peter Daszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Retrospective screening of solid organ donors in Italy, 2009, reveals unpredicted circulation of West Nile virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Capobianchi ◽  
V Sambri ◽  
C Castilletti ◽  
A M Pierro ◽  
G Rossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Potential Risks

Since the occurrence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans in 2008 in Italy, concerns have been raised about the potential risks associated with solid organ transplantation (SOT). A nationwide retrospective survey showed that 1.2% of SOT donors in 2009 were WNV-seropositive and demonstrated that human WNV infection is distributed throughout several Italian regions. Transmission of WNV or other arboviruses through SOT is a possibility and risk assessment should be carried out before SOT to avoid infection through transplantation.

How to model the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases?

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Cyril Caminade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This expert opinion provides an overview of mathematical models that have been used to assess the impact of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases, ways forward in terms of improving models for the recent context and broad guidelines for conducting future climate change risk assessment.

Quantitative Risk Assessment of the Pathways by Which West Nile Virus Could Reach Hawaii

EcoHealth ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marm Kilpatrick ◽  
Yekaterina Gluzberg ◽  
Jeff Burgett ◽  
Peter Daszak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
West Nile
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