Seismic Behavior of a Jumbo Container Crane Including Uplift

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D. Jacobs ◽  
Benjamin D. Kosbab ◽  
Roberto T. Leon ◽  
Reginald DesRoches
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Time History ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Container Crane ◽  
Type Response

Despite their importance to successful port operations, container cranes have received little attention in the context of seismic behavior. This paper presents the results of scale testing and analysis of a typical jumbo container crane subjected to earthquake loading. A series of 1:20 scale shake table tests of the model structure is performed under increasing levels of acceleration to assess and characterize the critical responses. Complimentary detailed nonlinear finite element time history analyses are also carried out. It is found that the portal frame response dominates elastic behavior and is closely coupled with an uplift and derailment rocking-type response at higher excitation levels. Proposed analytical models can capture this coupled response well, while a simple pseudostatic analysis can accurately estimate the onset of uplift and derailment.

scholarly journals Investigation of Seismic Behavior of Container Crane Structures by Shake Table Tests and Mathematical Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oktay Azeloglu ◽  
Ayse Edincliler ◽  
Ahmet Sagirli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Container Crane

This paper is concerned with the verification of mathematical modeling of the container cranes under earthquake loadings with shake table test results. Comparison of the shake table tests with the theoretical studies has an important role in the estimation of the seismic behavior of the engineering structures. For this purpose, a new shake table and mathematical model were developed. Firstly, a new physical model is directly fixed on the shake table and the seismic response of the container crane model against the past earthquake ground motion was measured. Secondly, a four degrees-of-freedom mathematical model is developed to understand the dynamic behaviour of cranes under the seismic loadings. The results of the verification study indicate that the developed mathematical model reasonably represents the dynamic behaviour of the crane structure both in time and frequency domains. The mathematical model can be used in active-passive vibration control studies to decrease structural vibrations on container cranes.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Nonlinear Static and Time-History Analyses of Typical Korean STS Container Cranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Huy Tran ◽  
Jungwon Huh ◽  
Van Bac Nguyen ◽  
Achintya Haldar ◽  
Choonghyun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Nonlinear Static Analysis ◽  
Equivalent Linearization ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Container Crane ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Nonlinear Static ◽  
Nonlinear Time History

Ship-to-shore (STS) container gantry cranes, used at terminals for loading and unloading containers from a ship, are an important part of harbor structures. The size and weight of modern STS container cranes are increasing to satisfy the demand for bigger ships. This is expected to result in more lateral load when excited by seismic motions. The existing Korean STS container cranes did not behave properly during several recent moderate earthquakes in South Korea. Typical Korean STS container cranes must be checked for the earthquake-resistant capacity. In this research, two nonlinear static analyses procedures, also known as pushover analyses, commonly used for seismic design of buildings, namely, capacity spectrum method and equivalent linearization method, are comprehensively studied to check their suitability for studying seismic behavior of STS cranes. Results obtained by these two nonlinear static analysis methods are then compared with the results obtained by nonlinear time-history analyses of the STS cranes by exciting them with nine recorded earthquake time histories around worldwide. The behaviors of the cranes are analyzed in terms of the total base shear, drift, and base uplift. The comparisons indicate that the nonlinear static methods can be appropriate for estimating the total base shear and drift of the portal frame of a container crane. The pushover analyses also provide information on performance levels as defined in ASCE/SEI 41-13, of a typical Korean STS container crane. Furthermore, it is observed that the uplift response of the crane is strongly influenced by the duration of an earthquake.

Seismic Response Analysis of Container Crane

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 1104-1107
Author(s):  
Shi Qing Lu ◽  
Han Bin Xiao ◽  
Ping Deng
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time History ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Container Crane ◽  
Critical Nodes ◽  
History Analysis

Earthquakes pose a threat to large-scale container cranes. Previous earthquakes damaged many container cranes, which had a significant impact on business interruption losses of the port. In this paper, a container crane’s seismic response is analyzed in ANSYS. First, a finite element model of a container crane is developed. Then, based on the equations of structural dynamics, the four most important modes of the container crane are extracted. Finally, a time history analysis is conducted to obtain the displacements of some critical nodes on the crane model under the excitation of an earthquake wave. The result of this paper provides a reference for the seismic design of container cranes.

Seismic evaluation of single-storey steel buildings

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Medhekar ◽  
DJL Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Time History ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Concentrically Braced Frames ◽  
Braced Frame ◽  
Seismic Zones ◽  
Concentrically Braced Frame ◽  
Concentrically Braced

The seismic performance of single-storey steel buildings, with concentrically braced frames and a roof diaphragm that acts structurally, is evaluated. The buildings are designed in accordance with the National Building Code of Canada 1995 and CSA Standard S16.1-94 for five seismic zones in western Canada with seismicities ranging from low to high. Only frames designed with a force modification factor of 1.5 are considered. Analytical models of the building are developed, which consider the nonlinear seismic behaviour of the concentrically braced frame, the strength and stiffness contributions of the cladding, and the flexibility, strength, and distributed mass of the roof diaphragm. The seismic response of the models is assessed by means of a linear static analysis, a response spectrum analysis, a nonlinear static or "pushover" analysis, and nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. The results indicate that current design procedures provide a reasonable estimate of the drift and brace ductility demand, but do not ensure that yielding is restricted to the braces. Moreover, in moderate and high seismic zones, the roof diaphragm responds inelastically and brace connections are overloaded. Recommendations are made to improve the seismic performance of such buildings.Key words: analyses, concentrically braced frame, dynamic, earthquake, flexible diaphragm, low-rise, nonlinear, seismic design, steel.

Seismic Behavior of Brick Cave Dwellings: Shake Table Tests

2021 ◽  
pp. 102886
Author(s):  
Jianyang Xue ◽  
Pengchun Hu ◽  
Fengliang Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhuge
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Shake Table Tests

Seismic Behavior of Curved Bridge in Mountain Area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Fujikura ◽  
Yuji Sakakibara ◽  
Minh Hai Nguyen ◽  
Akinori Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Time History ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Curved Bridge ◽  
Horizontally Curved ◽  
The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Nonlinear Time History

<p>The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake occurred in central Kyushu, Japan, on April 14th with Mw 6.2 followed by the Mw 7.0 mainshock on April 16th. These earthquakes were mainly caused by the Futagawa fault and Hinagu fault where surface ruptures extended about 34 km long. Some of the bridges located in mountain area and close to the fault were damaged due to these near‐field earthquakes. Oginosaka Bridge is one of them and is a horizontally curved bridge with longitudinal and transverse slope, which is a feature of the bridges located in mountain area. The superstructure was rotated on plan and displaced transversely at both abutments to the opposite side, and there was an evidence of the deck‐abutment pounding in longitudinal direction. In order to investigate the seismic behavior of the curved bridge, nonlinear time‐history analyses including a deck‐abutment pounding interaction were carried out. The deck‐abutment pounding interaction considered in the analyses could capture the post‐impact response of the superstructure. The near‐field ground motions were used for the analyses. The analytical results showed that the curved bridge is susceptible to the deck rotation caused by pounding in longitudinal direction at the deck end under earthquake loading.</p>

Design of Microfabricated Mechanically Interlocking Metamaterials for Reworkable Heterogeneous Integration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Garcia ◽  
Kody Wakumoto ◽  
Joseph Brown
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Models ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Heterogeneous Integration ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Mechanical Metamaterials ◽  
Dry Adhesives ◽  
Cantilever Array ◽  
Mechanical Bonding ◽  
Interconnect Technology

Abstract Next–generation interconnects utilizing mechanically interlocking structures enable permanent and reworkable joints between microelectronic devices. Mechanical metamaterials, specifically dry adhesives, are an active area of research which allows for the joining of objects without traditional fasteners or adhesives, and in the case of chip integration, without solder. This paper focuses on reworkable joints that enable chips to be removed from their substrates to support reusable device prototyping and packaging, creating the possibility for eventual pick-and-place mechanical bonding of chips with no additional bonding steps required. Analytical models are presented and are verified through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) assuming pure elastic behavior. Sliding contact conditions in FEA simplify consideration of several design variations but contribute ~10% uncertainty relative to experiment, analysis, and point-loaded FEA. Two designs are presented; arrays of flat cantilevers have a bond strength of 6.3 kPa, and non-flat cantilevers have a strength of 29 kPa. Interlocking designs present self-aligning in-plane forces that emerge from translational perturbation from perfect alignment. Stresses exceeding the material yield stress during adhesion operations present a greater concern for repeatable operation of compliant interlocking joints and will require further study quantifying and accommodating plastic deformation. Designs joining a rigid array with a complementary compliant cantilever array preserve the condition of reworkability for the surface presenting the rigid array. Eventual realization of interconnect technology based on this study will provide a great improvement of functionality and adaptability in heterogeneous integration and microdevice packaging.

scholarly journals Seismic Performance Analysis of a Connected Multitower Structure with FPS and Viscous Damper

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Wu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jiangyong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Time History ◽  
Tuned Mass Damper ◽  
Seismic Excitations ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
Tower Structure ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Friction Pendulum

A high four-tower structure is interconnected with a long sky corridor bridge on the top floor. To reduce the earthquake responses and member forces of the towers and sky corridor bridge, a passive control strategy with a friction pendulum tuned mass damper (FPTMD) was adopted. The sky corridor bridge was as the mass of FPTMD. The connection between the towers and the sky corridor bridge was designed as flexible links, where friction pendulum bearings (FPBs) and viscous dampers were installed. Elastoplastic time-history analysis was conducted by using Perform-3D model to look into its seismic behavior under intensive seismic excitation. The optimal design of the FPTMD with varying friction coefficients and radius of friction pendulum bearing (FPB) under seismic excitations was carried out, and the seismic behavior of the structure was also investigated at the same time.Results show that, for this four-tower connected structure, the friction pendulum tuned mass damper (FPTMD) has very well effect on seismic reduction. The structure can meet the seismic resistance design requirements.

Seismic Time-History Analysis of Gravity Dam Based on Nonlinear Finite Element Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 1047-1051
Author(s):  
He Zhu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Zhen Yue Ma ◽  
Yi Kang Su
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Gravity Dam ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element Method ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Cohesive Model ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Constitutive Response

A cohesive model (CM) was introduced in this paper. The constitutive response of cohesive behavior depends on a traction-separation description characterized by the initial stiffness, damage initiation threshold, and damage evolution properties.Through the aseismic analysis of a gravity dam, the displacement, stress and anti-sliding safety factor were discussed in the paper, the results were also compared between elastic model (EM) and plastic model (PM). The results shown that the displacement amplitude computed by PM and CM was nearly twice larger than that by EM, and the area of stress concentration became not so obvious. The cohesive model could efficiently simulate the discontinuous structure and the responses of seismic computed by PM and CM were more correspond to actual situation.

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