Landscape Changes in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) after the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed N. Malik ◽  
C. V. R. Murty ◽  
Durgesh C. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
Reconnaissance Surveys

Plate tectonics after the 26 December 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake resulted in major topological changes in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Aerial and land reconnaissance surveys of those islands after the earthquake provide evidence of spectacular plate tectonics that took place during the earthquake. Initial submergence of the built environment and the subsequent inundation upon arrival of the tsunami wave, as well as emergence of the new beaches along the islands—particularly on the western rims of the islands and in the northern islands—are the major signatures of this Mw=9.3 event.

Response and Recovery in India after the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 731-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. R. Murty ◽  
Sudhir K. Jain ◽  
Alpa R. Sheth ◽  
Arvind Jaiswal ◽  
Suresh R. Dash
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽  
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Relief Work ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rescue And Relief

The rescue and relief work undertaken in the Andaman and Nicobar islands and in mainland India after the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was massive. A number of new initiatives undertaken by the government and nongovernmental agencies were innovative and successful. Also, since the tsunami was not a typical disaster for India, it raised a number of new concerns related to reconstruction along the coast.

The Effect of the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami on Transportation Systems in India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 561-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durgesh C. Rai ◽  
C. V.R. Murty ◽  
Sudhir K. Jain ◽  
Hemant B. Kaushik ◽  
Goutam Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Condition ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Trunk Road ◽  
Nicobar Islands

Boats and ships are the major modes of transportation among the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands. The Andaman Trunk Road also forms an important part of the transportation system in the Andaman Islands north of Port Blair. The harbor structures in the islands were the most affected during the ground shaking; the result heavily disrupted the lives of the island residents. These transportation systems are expected to be in working condition after a major disaster, to facilitate the search and rescue operations and the relief work in the affected areas. A reconnaissance team surveyed the damage that the 2004 earthquake and tsunami caused to the transportation structures in the islands. Damage was observed in all transportation systems, including harbors, highways, airports, and hangars.

Lifeline Systems in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) after the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 581-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Tang ◽  
Durgesh C. Rai ◽  
David Ames ◽  
C. V. R. Murty ◽  
Sudhir K. Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
Lifeline Systems

Lifeline systems in the Andaman and Nicobar islands performed poorly during the December 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake and tsunami. Several power stations and transmission lines were damaged by the ground shaking, affecting the electric power supply to parts of the islands. Telecommunication services were severely affected because of destruction of several telephone exchanges. These services were restored quickly by government agencies. The dams and reservoirs, which supply potable water, sustained minor damage from ground shaking. However, segmented pipelines connecting the dams and reservoirs to various storage sites broke at several places, which significantly affected the water supply for a few days. Ground shaking damaged several elevated as well as ground-supported storage tanks. Damage related to tsunami waves was substantial in the 500–1,000- m strip immediately next to the coastline.

Myanmar Coastal Area Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tint Lwin Swe ◽  
Kenji Satake ◽  
Than Tin Aung ◽  
Yuki Sawai ◽  
Yukinobu Okamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Real Time ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
The West ◽  
Tide Level ◽  
The Indian Ocean

A post-tsunami survey was conducted along the Myanmar coast two months after the 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake ( Mw=9.0) that occurred off the west coast of Sumatra and generated a devastating tsunami around the Indian Ocean. Visual observations, measurements, and a survey of local people's experiences with the tsunami indicated some reasons why less damage and fewer casualties occurred in Myanmar than in other countries around the Indian Ocean. The tide level at the measured sites was calibrated with reference to a real-time tsunami datum, and the tsunami tide level range was 2–3 m for 22 localities in Myanmar. The tsunami arrived three to four hours after the earthquake.

scholarly journals A new record of ahermatypic coral Paracyathus pruinosus Alcock, 1902 (Scleractinia: Caryophylliidae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 8299
Author(s):  
R. Raghuraman ◽  
C. Raghunathan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
New Record ◽  
Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽  
Central Indian Ocean ◽  
Nicobar Islands

<p><em>Paracyathus pruinosus</em> Alcock, 1902, (Scleractinia: Caryophylliidae) was found from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, representing a new addition to the ahermatypic corals of India and the central Indian Ocean. The corallites of <em>Paracyathus pruinosus</em> were solitary, short, stout, elliptical and solid, mostly found under caves and slightly deep. Costae were granular, flat and equal. Septa were arranged closely and lined with granular ridges. Tentacles were found to extend only during night. The present record of <em>P. pruinosus </em>from Andaman and Nicobar Islands not only represents a new addition to the Caryophylliidae of the Central Indian Ocean, but also calls for conducting in-depth studies with a special emphasis to the under-studied caryophylliids of India.</p><div> </div>

Performance of Structures in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) during the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 321-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. R. Murty ◽  
Durgesh C. Rai ◽  
Sudhir K. Jain ◽  
Hemant B. Kaushik ◽  
Goutam Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽  
Andaman Island ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Engineered Structures ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
Traditional Structures

The damage sustained by buildings and structures in the Andaman and Nicobar islands area was due to earthquake shaking and/or giant tsunami waves. While damage on Little Andaman Island and all the Nicobar Islands was predominantly tsunami-related, damage on islands north of Little Andaman Island was primarily due to earthquake shaking even though tsunami waves and high tides were also a concern. In general, the building stock consists of a large number of traditional and non-engineered structures. Many traditional structures are made of wood, and they performed well under the intensity-VII earthquake shaking sustained along the islands. However, a number of new reinforced concrete (RC) structures suffered severe damage or even collapse. Also, extensive damage occurred to the coastal and harbor structures in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.

Performance of Structures in Indonesia during the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 295-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Saatcioglu ◽  
Ahmed Ghobarah ◽  
Ioan Nistor
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Engineered Structures ◽  
Engineering Significance ◽  
Seismic Forces ◽  
Banda Aceh

A reconnaissance was conducted in Indonesia to investigate the effects of the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami on buildings, bridges, and other physical infrastructure. The infrastructure in the coastal regions of Banda Aceh was completely devastated by both tsunami wave pressures and seismic ground excitations. The damaging effects of the tsunami were most pronounced in unreinforced masonry walls, nonengineered reinforced concrete buildings, and low-rise timber-framed buildings. Engineered structures survived the tsunami pressure, but many suffered extensive damage due to seismic forces. The majority of the seismic damage was attributed to poor design and detailing of nonductile buildings. Specific observations made during the reconnaissance indicate the engineering significance of the disaster.

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