Bacterial Change in Mental Disorder: The Bacterial Digestion of Tyrosine

1928 ◽  
Vol 74 (306) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Culture Tube ◽  
Mental Disturbance ◽  
Other Hand

In a previous paper (Journ. Ment. Sci., April, 1928, p. 269) the writer has pointed out that a culture tube of tyrosine bouillon, if inoculated from the fæces of a healthy person, incubated for forty-eight hours and distilled, will be found to contain not more than 0.008% of phenol, or at most 0.015%. If, on the other hand, similar cultures are made from mental patients they will contain 0.02 to 0.03% of phenol in one half of the persons examined. In all these cases the phenol is formed by the action of bacteria on the tyrosine in an alkaline medium. The most important phenol-producing bacterium in the insane is B. Morgani, which can be demonstrated in 25% of acute cases, while B. phenologenes, Berthelot, is found in a smaller number. The paper referred to dealt with the toxic effects of B. Morgani and the results of vaccination with this organism. In the present paper another aspect of the matter will be considered, namely, the production of tyramine from tyrosine by intestinal bacteria, and whether poisoning by this substance may be a cause of mental disturbance.

The Treatment of Cases of Mental Disorder in General Hospitals (Reprinted from the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. clxx, No. 17, pp. 637–642, April 23rd, 1914.) Philip Coombs Knapp, A.M., M.D.

1916 ◽  
Vol 62 (258) ◽  
pp. 624-626
Author(s):  
Philip Coombs Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Boston Medical ◽  
Surgical Journal ◽  
Almost All

The author maintains the thesis that acute and borderland cases of mental disease can be received and temporarily cared for in general hospitals. He admits that mental patients are not looked upon with favour by the nursing staff or by the other patients, on account of—in many cases—their restless, noisy conduct. Yet almost all general hospitals must include at times among their inmates some patients who, in the course of treatment for such conditions as acute infections, accidents, etc., become turbulent and violent.

THE EFFECT OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER COPPER ON AMMONIFICATION, NITRIFICATION AND PROTEOLYTIC POPULATION IN SOME ORGANIC SOILS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. MATHUR ◽  
C. M. PRESTON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Soil Microbial Population ◽  
Extracellular Proteolysis

As a part of attempts at examining the suitability of using moderate amounts of Cu for mitigating the undesirably fast decomposition and subsidence of some organic soils, this investigation revealed that both total and DTPA-TEA-extractable Cu contents of 14 samples of cultivated organic soils correlated negatively with the total microbial population counted on soil extract-acitidione-gelatin agar plates and positively with the percentage of that population capable of extracellular proteolysis. On the other hand, the concentrations of both total and extractable Cu did not correlate with either the total number of proteolytic organisms counted, or the capacities of the soils for ammonification and nitrification. The results are, therefore, in accord with the belief that Cu curtails the decomposition of organic soils primarily through inactivation of accumulated soil enzymes, but not through direct toxic effects on the general soil microbial population.

Differentiating spiritual experiences from mental disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Leonardo Machado ◽  
Alexander Moreira-Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Other Hand

It is not uncommon for patients with mental disorders to have symptoms with religious or spiritual (R/S) contents, and, on the other hand, spiritual experiences often involve psychotic-like phenomena. This frequently creates difficulties in differentiating between a non-pathological R/S experience and a mental disorder. Clinical differentiation between a non-pathological R/S experience and a mental disorder with R/S content brings risks in both extremes: to pathologize normal R/S experience (promoting iatrogenic suffering) or neglecting pathological symptoms (delaying proper treatment). In order to mitigate these risks, this chapter will gather the best current scientific evidence and propose clinical guidelines to help the distinction between R/S experiences and mental disorders with R/S content. Scientific studies in people who have spiritual experiences should be encouraged, especially investigations of the phenomenology, neurobiology, precipitants, and outcomes in order to enlarge the empirical base needed to advance the criteria for this differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Narcissism: Groundwork for Sectarian Misdemeanors

2020 ◽  
pp. 08-16
Author(s):  
Saeed Shoja Shafti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
State Of Mind

In DSM-5, the sector of ‘Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention’, has discussed about cults. The said section covers all conditions and problems that are a focus of clinical attention or that may otherwise affect the diagnosis, course, prognosis, or treatment of a patient's mental disorder. While cults are usually led by charismatic leaders, who offer acceptance and guidance to troubled followers, cult followers are strongly controlled and forced to dissolve commitment to family and others to serve the cult leader's directives and personal needs. On the other hand, there were many cult leaders, who have been convicted of violent or non-violent crimes, as a commander or committer, before, during or after their period as a cult leader. While many bio-psycho-social factors involve in the grouping and formation of sects or cults, numerous dynamics, too, may prepare the group’s state of mind for perpetrating crime. Among a number of conceivable historical, cultural, or radical causes, while psychopathy, at all times, have had a firm position in forensic psychiatry, narcissism, whether as a primary trait or as a misleadingly stirred quality, have been generally over looked. Interrelationship between narcissism and psychopathy, from one hand, and the scarce set of circumstances, on the other hand, may create a situation, full of mix-ups, which can be continued melancholically and hazardously. In the present article, the likely role of narcissism, among numerous mechanisms that may involve in establishment of sectarian misbehavior, will be discussed in more detail. Keywords: Cult; Sect; Narcissism; Psychopathy; Crime

The Circulatory Factor in the Pathogenesis of Mental Disorder.∗

1937 ◽  
Vol 83 (346) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Krapf
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Circulatory Disturbances

The circulatory factor in the pathogenesis of mental disorder can be dealt with in at least two different ways. The exposition can be narrowed down to a mere description of what we know for certain about the psychiatric significance of circulatory disturbances. On the other hand, I think it not less legitimate to look at the question as a highly fascinating problem, the full bearing of which upon psychiatry we are only just beginning to discern as a dim shape on the scientific horizon.

Psychotherapy in Mental Hospital Practice

1940 ◽  
Vol 86 (364) ◽  
pp. 928-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bierer
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hospital Practice ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
The One ◽  
The French Revolution

In no other branch of medicine have doctors appeared so nihilistic or so defeatist as in the domain of psychiatry. It seems to me questionable whether this is due to the disparity in the therapeutic results between psychiatry on the one hand and general medicine on the other. In general medicine it is frequently forgotten that the really specific remedies at our disposal are so few that they can be counted on the fingers of one hand. If, on the other hand, we remember that as late as the time of the French Revolution mental patients were kept in chains, and that to-day in modern hospitals we see impressive results with such specific treatments as malarial therapy, then it must be admitted that the psychiatrist is not the only nihilist; but that this also applies to representatives of other branches of general medicine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document