On the Other Hand: Left Hand, Right Brain, Mental Disorder, and History by Howard I. Kushner

Two contrasting views of handedness can be described as 1) complementary dominance, in which each hemisphere is specialized for different aspects of motor control, and 2) global dominance, in which the hemisphere contralateral to the dominant arm is specialized for all aspects of motor control. The present study sought to determine which motor lateralization hypothesis best predicts motor performance during common bilateral task of stabilizing an object (e.g., bread) with one hand while applying forces to the object (e.g., slicing) using the other hand. We designed an experimental equivalent of this task, performed in a virtual environment with the unseen arms supported by frictionless air-sleds. The hands were connected by a spring, and the task was to maintain the position of one hand while moving the other hand to a target. Thus the reaching hand was required to take account of the spring load to make smooth and accurate trajectories, while the stabilizer hand was required to impede the spring load to keep a constant position. Right-handed subjects performed two task sessions (right-hand reach and left-hand stabilize; left-hand reach and right-hand stabilize) with the order of the sessions counterbalanced between groups. Our results indicate a hand by task-component interaction such that the right hand showed straighter reaching performance whereas the left hand showed more stable holding performance. These findings provide support for the complementary dominance hypothesis and suggest that the specializations of each cerebral hemisphere for impedance and dynamic control mechanisms are expressed during bilateral interactive tasks. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide evidence for interlimb differences in bilateral coordination of reaching and stabilizing functions, demonstrating an advantage for the dominant and nondominant arms for distinct features of control. These results provide the first evidence for complementary specializations of each limb-hemisphere system for different aspects of control within the context of a complementary bilateral task.

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On the general circulation of the atmosphere in middle and higher latitudes.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1904.0074 ◽

1905 ◽

Vol 74 (497-506) ◽

pp. 20-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William Napier Shaw

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

General Circulation ◽

The Other ◽

British Isles ◽

Left Hand ◽

The Earth ◽

Other Hand

In the course of an investigation into the trajectories, or actual paths of air, by means of synoptic charts, which is still in progress,* it became apparent that the paths of air taking part in cyclonic disturbances near the British Isles when traced backward did not always originate in anti-cylonic areas, but followed a track skirting the neighbouring high-pressure areas and traversing sometimes a very large part of a belt of the earth in a direction more or less parallel to a line of latitude, and, on the other hand, air moving in the neighbourhood of a cyclonic depression did not invariably seek the nearest barometric minimum, but sometimes passed on, leaving the circulation of the depression on the left hand.

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CONTEXT-SENSITIVITY OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL REGULAR ARRAY GRAMMARS

International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1142/s0218001489000255 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 03 (03n04) ◽

pp. 295-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

YASUNORI YAMAMOTO ◽

KENICHI MORITA ◽

KAZUHIRO SUGATA

Keyword(s):

Context Sensitivity ◽

The Other ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Regular Array ◽

Nonterminal Symbol ◽

Left Hand ◽

Other Hand ◽

Context Free ◽

Rewriting Rules

Regular array grammars (RAGs) are the lowest subclass in the Chomsky-like hierarchy of isometric array grammars. The left-hand side of each rewriting rule of RAGs has one nonterminal symbol and at most one "#" (a blank symbol). Therefore, the rewriting rules cannot sense contexts of non-# symbols. However, they can sense # as a kind of context. In this paper, we investigate this #-sensing ability. and study the language generating power of RAGs. Making good use of this ability, We show a method for RAGs to sense the contexts of local shapes of a host array in a derivation. Using this method, we give RAGs which generate the sets of all solid upright rectangles and all solid squares. On the other hand. it is proved that there is no context-free array grammar (and thus no RAG) which generates the set of all hollow upright rectangles.

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Differentiating spiritual experiences from mental disorders

Spirituality and Mental Health Across Cultures ◽

10.1093/med/9780198846833.003.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 79-94

Author(s):

Leonardo Machado ◽

Alexander Moreira-Almeida

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Clinical Guidelines ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

The Other ◽

Spiritual Experiences ◽

Proper Treatment ◽

Empirical Base ◽

Other Hand

It is not uncommon for patients with mental disorders to have symptoms with religious or spiritual (R/S) contents, and, on the other hand, spiritual experiences often involve psychotic-like phenomena. This frequently creates difficulties in differentiating between a non-pathological R/S experience and a mental disorder. Clinical differentiation between a non-pathological R/S experience and a mental disorder with R/S content brings risks in both extremes: to pathologize normal R/S experience (promoting iatrogenic suffering) or neglecting pathological symptoms (delaying proper treatment). In order to mitigate these risks, this chapter will gather the best current scientific evidence and propose clinical guidelines to help the distinction between R/S experiences and mental disorders with R/S content. Scientific studies in people who have spiritual experiences should be encouraged, especially investigations of the phenomenology, neurobiology, precipitants, and outcomes in order to enlarge the empirical base needed to advance the criteria for this differential diagnosis.

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Narcissism: Groundwork for Sectarian Misdemeanors

10.36811/ijpmh.2020.110008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 08-16

Author(s):

Saeed Shoja Shafti

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorder ◽

Present Article ◽

Social Factors ◽

Forensic Psychiatry ◽

The Other ◽

Violent Crimes ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Other Hand ◽

State Of Mind

In DSM-5, the sector of ‘Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention’, has discussed about cults. The said section covers all conditions and problems that are a focus of clinical attention or that may otherwise affect the diagnosis, course, prognosis, or treatment of a patient's mental disorder. While cults are usually led by charismatic leaders, who offer acceptance and guidance to troubled followers, cult followers are strongly controlled and forced to dissolve commitment to family and others to serve the cult leader's directives and personal needs. On the other hand, there were many cult leaders, who have been convicted of violent or non-violent crimes, as a commander or committer, before, during or after their period as a cult leader. While many bio-psycho-social factors involve in the grouping and formation of sects or cults, numerous dynamics, too, may prepare the group’s state of mind for perpetrating crime. Among a number of conceivable historical, cultural, or radical causes, while psychopathy, at all times, have had a firm position in forensic psychiatry, narcissism, whether as a primary trait or as a misleadingly stirred quality, have been generally over looked. Interrelationship between narcissism and psychopathy, from one hand, and the scarce set of circumstances, on the other hand, may create a situation, full of mix-ups, which can be continued melancholically and hazardously. In the present article, the likely role of narcissism, among numerous mechanisms that may involve in establishment of sectarian misbehavior, will be discussed in more detail. Keywords: Cult; Sect; Narcissism; Psychopathy; Crime

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