Insanity in the Army and the Institution of Field Asylums [Le Psicosi nell'esercito e la Instituzione di Manicomi da Campo], (Il Manicomio, anno xxi, No. 2, 1905.) Tomasini.

1906 ◽  
Vol 52 (218) ◽  
pp. 600-600
Author(s):  
W. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
European Countries ◽  
First Year ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Very High ◽  
General Mortality

The author takes as his text the recent experiences of the Russo- Japanese war, in which, according to the testimony of numerous witnesses, outbreaks of acute insanity were extremely common in the battlefield, and occasionally assumed an epidemic character, and in which, moreover, many “regrettable incidents” were due to mental disorders in commanding officers. Dealing first with the statistics of suicide and of insanity in the army in time of peace, he points out that the former phenomenon is very much more frequent amongst soldiers than amongst the general population in the chief European countries. In Italy in 1901, while the suicide-rate for the whole country was about.061 per mille, in the army it amounted to “33 per mille. And it appears to be tending to increase; thus the figures for the years 1895 to 1901 show that, while sanitary improvements have reduced the general mortality in the army by nearly a half, the ratio of suicide has slightly risen. On examining the figures in detail it is seen that the suicide rate is very high during the first year of service, that it falls off some what in the second year, to rise again when the period of service is prolonged over two years. With regard to insanity, the official statistics would suggest that it is less frequent amongst soldiers than in the population at large, but the author contends that this result is misleading, inasmuch as the army represents a picked population which by reason of its age, constitution, and the exclusion from its ranks of the congenitally defective, is, or ought to be, specially free from insane tendency. In any case the rate of insanity in the Italian army is increasing notably of recent years. With regard to officers, there is a consensus of opinion in all countries that the incidence of insanity amongst them is peculiarly high, and this applies more particularly to general paralysis, which is estimated to account for 50 per cent, of mental disease in German officers, for 54 per cent, in French, and for 55 per cent, in Italian.

scholarly journals Socio-economic consequences of mental distress: quantifying the impact of self-reported mental distress on the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in a two-year period: a longitudinal study in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Müller ◽  
Manuela Bombana ◽  
Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrenner ◽  
Nikolaus Kleindienst ◽  
Martin Bohus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Mental disorders are related to high individual suffering and significant socio-economic burdens. However, it remains unclear to what extent self-reported mental distress is related to individuals’ days of incapacity to work and their medical costs. This study aims to investigate the impact of self-reported mental distress for specific and non-specific days of incapacity to work and specific and non-specific medical costs over a two-year span. Method Within a longitudinal research design, 2287 study participants’ mental distress was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HADS scores were included as predictors in generalized linear models with a Tweedie distribution with log link function to predict participants’ days of incapacity to work and medical costs retrieved from their health insurance routine data during the following two-year period. Results Current mental distress was found to be significantly related to the number of specific days absent from work and medical costs. Compared to participants classified as no cases by the HADS (2.6 days), severe case participants showed 27.3-times as many specific days of incapacity to work in the first year (72 days) and 10.3-times as many days in the second year (44 days), and resulted in 11.4-times more medical costs in the first year (2272 EUR) and 6.2-times more in the second year (1319 EUR). The relationship of mental distress to non-specific days of incapacity to work and non-specific medical costs was also significant, but mainly driven from specific absent days and specific medical costs. Our results also indicate that the prevalence of presenteeism is considerably high: 42% of individuals continued to go to work despite severe mental distress. Conclusions Our results show that self-reported mental distress, assessed by the HADS, is highly related to the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in the two-year period. Reducing mental distress by improving preventive structures for at-risk populations and increasing access to evidence-based treatments for individuals with mental disorders might, therefore, pay for itself and could help to reduce public costs.

scholarly journals Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan: comparisons with the general population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norito Kawakami ◽  
Maiko Fukasawa ◽  
Kiyomi Sakata ◽  
Ruriko Suzuki ◽  
Hiroaki Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract Background: People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the three years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.Methods: Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,089 adult residents living in temporary housing in the disaster area, i.e., the shelter group, and a random sample of 852 community residents from non-disaster areas of East Japan. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected. Results: Response rates were 49% and 46% for the shelter group and the community residents, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population. The rate of remission for mood and anxiety disorders was significantly lower in the shelter group than in the community residents. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group.Conclusions: The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower in the shelter group than in the general population. Post-disaster mental health service could consider the greater incidence in the first year and prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.

scholarly journals Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan: comparisons with the general population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norito Kawakami ◽  
Maiko Fukasawa ◽  
Kiyomi Sakata ◽  
Ruriko Suzuki ◽  
Hiroaki Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract Background: People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of (developing) poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the three years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.Methods: Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,089 adult residents living in temporary housing in the disaster area, i.e., the shelter group, and a random sample of 852 community residents of East Japan. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected. Results: Response rates were 49% and 46%, for the shelter group and the community residents, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population. The rate of remission for mood and anxiety disorders was significantly lower in the shelter group than in the community residents. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group.Conclusions: The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower in the shelter group than in the general population. Post-disaster mental health service could consider the greater incidence in the first year and prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY INFORMATION REFLECTING FARMER USE OF PAWERA RED CLOVER IN NORTHERN NORTHLAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Ussher
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Very High

Low summer production in Northern Northland can be largely overcome by the use of 'Grasslands Pawera' red clover. Daily dry matter production of 100+ kg/ha/day over the penod late October to early March, have been recorded over two years. Yearly production of 22,OOOkg DM/ha in the first year, and 17,500 to 21,000 in the second year, have been recorded from pure stands of Pawera. This growth is of very high quality occurring at a tlmc when growth and quality of existing Rye or Kikuyu based pastures, are low. Potential problems from the use of Pawera are discussed. Keywords: Pawera red clover, quality, Northland, problems.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Fasciolosis in a Cohort of Ovine Livestock Restricted to a Mountain Plateau in Central Portugal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3344
Author(s):  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Rita Cruz ◽  
Fernando Esteves ◽  
Helena Vala ◽  
Maria A. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
European Countries ◽  
First Year ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Pasture Contamination ◽  
Central Portugal ◽  
Second Year

Fasciola hepatica is a parasite that is widespread in Europe, having been reported in ruminants of several European countries and causing an important economic impact. This study ascertained the occurrence and distribution of fasciolosis in Portuguese ovine livestock by assessing F. hepatica IgG antibodies in a cohort of confined sheep from a high-altitude region of central Portugal in a 2-year period. Positive animals were found in most locations and in both years, with 18 of the 92 animals (19.6% [95% confidence interval CI: 12.03–19.15]) and 17 of the same 92 animals (18.5% [95% CI: 11.15–27.93]) showing to be seropositive in the first year and second year, respectively (p = 0.85). Pasture contamination by F. hepatica eggs could be reduced by thorough anthelmintic treatments.

scholarly journals Further Experiments on the Fertilization of a Sea Loch (Loch Craiglin). The Effect of Different Plant Nutrients on the Phytoplankton

1948 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Marshall ◽  
A. P. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Bottom Mud ◽  
Normal Quantity ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Special Points ◽  
Very High ◽  
Great Growth

Loch Craiglin cannot be considered as merely an isolated basin of Loch Sween. Its shallowness, the great growth of vegetation round the shore and the fluctuations in salinity make it atypical. On the more complete isolation of the loch with the making of the dam, these conditions led to a lack of circulation, a consequent development of hydrogen sulphide in the deep water and very high pH values near the surface. One could not therefore expect the plankton to be very similar to that in the outside loch (see, however, Marshall, 1947). Unfortunately there are no records of seasonal variation before fertilization was begun. In spite of these drawbacks Loch Craiglin was a convenient and manageable area for small-scale experiments on fertilization.The experiments may be divided into two groups, those which were not followed up in detail and those in which the plankton and hydrographic results were followed from day to day. The former, made during the earlier stages of the work, are mainly described in the previous papers and led to the conclusion that the richness in phytoplankton of Loch Craiglin in 1943 was probably caused to a large extent by fertilization. Those of the second group, described above, were made to test special points and different fertilizers. Two experiments made during the summer of 1944 had apparently no effect on the phytoplankton but a third in which a very large excess of fertilizer (ten times the normal quantity) was added, gave a good increase after an initial lag. At that time the attached algae were abundant and their needs apparently had to be satisfied before any nutrients could be used by the phytoplankton.The remaining experiments, which were therefore made during the winter, showed that commercial ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and monoammonium phosphate could replace the sodium nitrate and superphosphate used hitherto. Two further experiments in the following spring using ammonium chloride and urea did not, however, prove effective. All the salts used had been found in laboratory tests by Miss F. A. Stanbury to be suitable for diatom growth, and the reason for the failure of these two in the loch is unknown.The utilization of the nutrients was extremely rapid even in winter but it is probable that their disappearance is not entirely caused by the phytoplankton or bottom-living algae but partly by adsorption on the bottom mud or by suspended matter. On one occasion it may have been caused by a serious fall in loch level.The zooplankton which during the first year of fertilizations was richer in Loch Craiglin than in the outside loch diminished in the second year and remained poor thereafter in spite of, or perhaps because of, the intensive fertilizations. The dense phytoplankton and other vegetation raised the pH at times to levels dangerous to animal life.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude among Indian medical students towards thalassemia: a study in Delhi NCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4470
Author(s):  
Mukta Pujani ◽  
Varsha Chauhan ◽  
Charu Agarwal ◽  
Deepshikha Rana ◽  
Kanika Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
General Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Thalassemia can easily be prevented by awareness, education, screening, premarital genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. There are only a handful of articles on knowledge and awareness about thalassemia among general population or parents of thalassaemic children. Aims and objectives was to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge and attitudes of medical students towards thalassemia as well as to analyse the differences if any between the first year and second year MBBS students and their correlation with various socio-demographic parameters.Methods: This was an institutional based cross sectional observational descriptive study regarding knowledge and attitude of first and second year MBBS students about thalassemia using a pre-designed, structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 17. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant.Results: Mean knowledge scores of second year MBBS students compared to first year MBBS were 11.73±1.78 versus 10.8±1.92, the difference being statistically significant, however, the difference between mean attitude scores was not found to be significant. There was no effect of age, gender, region or Kuppuswamy’s socio-economic class on the knowledge or attitude of MBBS students towards thalassemia.Conclusions: Majority of the MBBS students had good knowledge and positive attitude towards thalassemia. To confirm the observations, large scale studies need to be conducted comprising of different study populations. Screening for thalassemia should be made mandatory, as part of medical examination, at entry to a medical college so that the medical college students are sensitized and can spread awareness among general population.

scholarly journals Penyuluhan Kesehatan tentang Faktor Penyebab Kekambuhan Pasien Skizofrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Dwi Kartika Pebrianti
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Repeat Visits ◽  
The Brain

Schizophrenia is a disease that affects the brain and causes strange and disturbed thoughts, perceptions, emotions, movements and behaviors called schizophrenia (Videbeck, 2008). Globally, the recurrence rate in people with mental disorders reaches 50% -92% due to non-compliance in treatment or due to lack of support and vulnerable living conditions with increased stress (Sheewangisaw, 2012). Clients diagnosed with schizophrenia are estimated to have a 50% relapse in the first year, 70% in the second year after discharge from hospital, and a 100% recurrence in the fifth year. . Data on patient visits at the Outpatient Polyclinic of RSJD Jambi Province in 2016 amounted to 38,330 visits, of which 35,448 visits were repeat visits and the remaining 2882 were new visits. It is hoped that the results of health education activities for patients and their families will understand the concept of nursing problems that cause mental disorder patients to recur.

scholarly journals Classification of Insanity

1886 ◽  
Vol 32 (138) ◽  
pp. 233-234
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
International System ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

It will be remembered by readers of the Journal that the subject of the classification of mental disorders was discussed at the Congress of Psychiatry, held at Antwerp in September last, and that certain members of the Congress representing different nationalities were appointed to obtain the best-recognised classifications of medico-psychologists in their respective countries, in the hope of obtaining an international system on which all might agree for practical purposes. The nomination of this Commission arose out of a paper read by M. Lefebvre, Professor in the University of Louvain, in which he himself laid down as types of mental disease, idiocy, cretinism, general paralysis, dementia, toxic forms of insanity, mania, melancholia, and circular insanity. The author did not confine himself to classification, but included in his statistical investigations, the number of insane persons in a given area, the causes of insanity in general, the duration of the disease, and its termination and mortality. However, the question of classification took precedence of all others.

Physical Disease and Disability among 416 Suicide Cases in Sweden

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stensman ◽  
Ulla-Britt Sundqvist-Stensman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
High Suicide Rate ◽  
Somatic Disease ◽  
Very High

All suicides occurring among the inhabitants of the County of Uppsala in Sweden between 1977 and 1984 were analyzed on the basis of information from autopsy reports and from somatic and psychiatric medical records. Among the 416 persons who committed suicide, 70 (17%) had a somatic disease of probable importance for the suicidal act. No somatic diagnosis appeared to stand out as being especially associated with a very high risk of suicide. Some diagnoses (e.g. malignant neoplasm, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis) were, however, associated with a suicidal rate above that in the general population. Further knowledge about the relation between suicide and specific somatic diagnoses would be of value, since a high suicide rate in association with a particular illness might indicate insufficient medical care and rehabilitation.

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