ON THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF AGGRESSION IN ADOLESCENTS AS A FACTOR OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR»

По данным ВОЗ Казахстан относится к странам с высоким показателем самоубийств и, несколько лет подряд входит в первую десятку стран по их количеству. В этом отношении наиболее выполнимым является изучение предикторов, дающих возможность прогнозировать склонность к суицидам, каким являются показатели агрессивности и враждебности. Впервые в Республике Казахстан проводилось психометрическое обследование (опросник Басса-Дарки, Тест «Руки») по выявлению агрессивных и враждебных реакций у лиц подросткового возраста - воспитанников областного детского дома №1 г. Алматы с помощью использования экспериментально- психологических методик. В результате проведенного исследования выявлены подростки, склонные к проявлению реакций агрессии и враждебности, представляющих потенциальную опасность в плане совершения суицидоопасных действий и тенденций, которым необходимо проведение своевременной психопрофилактической и психокоррекционной работы. According to WHO, Kazakhstan is one of the countries with a high suicide rate and, for several years in a row, is among the top ten countries in terms of their number. In this regard, the most feasible is the study of predictors that make it possible to predict suicidal tendencies, such as indicators of aggressiveness and hostility. For the first time in the Republic of Kazakhstan, a psychometric survey (the Bass-Darky questionnaire, the "Hands" Test) was conducted to identify aggressive and hostile reactions in adolescents-pupils of the Almaty regional orphanage No.1 through the use of experimental psychological techniques. As a result of the conducted research, we have identified young people who are prone to aggressive and hostile reactions that pose a potential danger in terms of committing suicidal actions and tendencies that need timely psychoprophylactic and psychocorrective work.

Extended suicide

Analyses of individuals choosing to die in suicide pacts and by groups of people in mass suicides are presented. Those involved appear to differ demographically and psychologically from suicides acting alone. In addition, examples of murderers who died by suicide after killing are presented, including mass murderers who have a high suicide rate and serial killers who have a much lower suicide rate than do mass murderers. In other cases, individuals chose suicide after murdering family members, sometimes in mercy killings but often after murdering family members. Today people appear to want company in death, and why suicide pacts, even between strangers, are becoming more common. Suicide is increasingly moving from being a solitary act to becoming a social behaviour.

DIALOGICAL TRANSCENDENCE AND HOPE

“Japan has everything except hope.” This is a phrase that has become current to explain the social climate of contemporary Japan, such as the problems of bullying in schools and workplaces, the high suicide rate, people who have withdrawn from society, ethnic discrimination, and so on. These are not accidental problems, but historically and socially structured ones that have surfaced as expressions of the modern forms of individualism. They are not isolated phenomena found only in Japan, but may be seen as aspects of a broader crisis of global modernity. How can we transform this desperate, self-destructing social situation and find a sustainable future? This line of questioning is one of the crucial problems in this critically important book by Prasenjit Duara.

The social representations of suicide in France: An inter-regional study in Alsace and Brittany

Background: Suicide is a major worldwide public health issue. Various studies showed that individual attitudes toward suicide change in a region with high suicide rate. Attitudes are one of the components of a global and complex system: social representations (SRs). Aims: In France, the Brittany region has an abnormally high death rate due to suicides. Our research focuses on the SRs of suicide in this region. The hypothesis underlying this project is that suicide SRs are different between an area with a high suicide rate and a region less affected by suicide. Method: A comparative study between the Brittany and Alsace regions, with the latter showing a statistically much lower suicide rate. The persons polled responded to a three-word free-association task around the question ‘For you, suicide is …?’ An analysis of word frequency and evocation rank was then carried out. Results: In confirmation of our hypothesis, SRs were different between Brittany and the control region. Conclusion: The study’s results open new avenues of research, specific to Brittany, in terms of the collective or individual effects of suicides, in terms of psycho-pathological conditions – essentially on depression, and in terms of training, on the stereotypes associated with suicide.

Suicide in Japan

This paper presents cultural and historical circumstances, different causes and methods of suicide in modern Japan. In this country, belonging to a group has always been an imperative, a national cultural characteristic that have been passed down through upbringing over the centuries, and it is still powerful today, despite modernization and individualization. A strong affiliation to a group protects individuals against the risk of suicide if a problem occurs in the group: weakening or termination of a relationship, when an individual is left alone, exposed to problems he/she can not cope with outside the group. Samurai, warriors from feudal times, considered suicide a reasonable and honorable act, and because of that in Japan today there is a tolerant view of suicide and relatively high suicide rate. In the past, the loss of honor was the main reason for suicide for samurai, which was typical of old Japan. Today, the reasons for suicide, due to globalization, are similar worldwide - existential despair, loss of reason for living, profound loneliness, lack of connection with others, etc. The rate of suicide performed by teenagers in Japan, as well as by corporate employees, is alarming, and this issue will be addressed in this paper.

Suicide in Slovenia Between 1997 and 2010

Background: With an average suicide rate of approximately 30 per 100,000, Slovenia has been regarded as a country with a high suicide rate. In the last decade, however, the suicide rate has gradually decreased to 20.3 per 100,000. Aim: To undertake an analysis of the suicide rate and its characteristics between 1997 and 2010 and to establish whether preventive activities had a significant effect on the suicide rate in the period studied. Method: Data on all 7,317 completed suicides between 1997 and 2010 were obtained from the National Mortality Database. Trends over this period were assessed separately for gender, age, method of suicide, and regional distribution. Data on implemented suicide preventive activities were assessed via regional Public Health Institutes. Results: The suicide rate declined in both genders and in all age groups, except in males aged 10–19 years. The most frequently used method in both genders was hanging. Regions with the highest suicide rate are concentrated in the eastern part of Slovenia. The suicide rate significantly decreased in six regions, but no firm association with preventive activities could be established. Conclusion: Suicide in Slovenia declined significantly during the study period. Preventive activities appear not to have had any notable effect on this decline.