scholarly journals Classification of Insanity

1886 ◽  
Vol 32 (138) ◽  
pp. 233-234
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
International System ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

It will be remembered by readers of the Journal that the subject of the classification of mental disorders was discussed at the Congress of Psychiatry, held at Antwerp in September last, and that certain members of the Congress representing different nationalities were appointed to obtain the best-recognised classifications of medico-psychologists in their respective countries, in the hope of obtaining an international system on which all might agree for practical purposes. The nomination of this Commission arose out of a paper read by M. Lefebvre, Professor in the University of Louvain, in which he himself laid down as types of mental disease, idiocy, cretinism, general paralysis, dementia, toxic forms of insanity, mania, melancholia, and circular insanity. The author did not confine himself to classification, but included in his statistical investigations, the number of insane persons in a given area, the causes of insanity in general, the duration of the disease, and its termination and mortality. However, the question of classification took precedence of all others.

Paralytic Insanity and its Organic Nature

1866 ◽  
Vol 12 (59) ◽  
pp. 348-367
Author(s):  
Franz Meschede ◽  
G. F. Blandford
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Fatal Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Morbid Anatomy ◽  
Postmortem Examinations

The disorder commonly called “general paralysis of the insane” presents so many points of interest to the pathologist and the physician, that as a necessary consequence it forms the commonest topic among the writings of those who specially study insanity. But after so much observation and so many treatises, it is disheartening to find that even now scarcely more than one fact with regard to it is laid down as settled and established beyond the possibility of doubt. One there is, the saddest that can be. It is, that for this malady we hitherto have found no cure; that to diagnose it is to pronounce the sentence, not only of incurable insanity, but also of speedy death. The marvel of the whole is, that although death occurs in every case at no very distant period, though postmortem examinations of general paralytics are made by hundreds every year in this and other countries, yet even at this day no two observers are agreed as to the pathology and morbid anatomy, as to the part in which it has its origin, or which constitutes its peculiar and proper seat. No wonder that the whole of the morbid anatomy of insane brain is vague and ill-defined, when this, the specially fatal form of mental disease, still hides itself from usâ still wraps itself in the mystery which envelopes all that relates to mind. I make no apology for drawing the attention of the readers of this Journal to a paper on the subject, published in the October and November numbers of ‘ Virchow's Archives/ 1865, and for giving a short and necessarily imperfect summary of its contents, it being too long for reproduction. But as every outline must needs be unsatisfactory, I trust my readers will go themselves to the original. In default of opportunity of examining many brains of paralytic patients, I present as a contribution to the English treatises on the subject these observations of another.

scholarly journals Comorbidity of epilepsy and mental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
K. Naydenov ◽  
Y. Petkov ◽  
Iv. Manchev ◽  
V. Chengeliyska ◽  
D. Komsiyska1
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Significant Disease ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Percentage Ratio

PURPOSE The purpose of this manuscript is to present the comorbidity between epilepsy and mental disorders. Epilepsy is a widespread, socially significant disease that has been the subject of medical literature and practice since ancient times. METHODS We have used a contingent of 100 epileptics, which were treated at the Neurological Clinic of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich" in Stara Zagora. RESULTS We found that in percentage ratio, out of the epileptic patients eighteen had mental illness. Out of these eighteen, depressive patients were 27.8%, which fell within the range indicated in the world literature. CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, we suggest that the clinical assessment of the quality of life in epilepsy provides some opportunities for its improvement and should take its place in the bio-psycho-social approach to the disease.

scholarly journals Paronymic relations in the Russian proverbs with anthroponyms (structural aspect)

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Umsalimat Agalakovna Maksudova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Aspect ◽  
Structural Classification ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
Semantic Component ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
The University

The subject of this research is the paronymic relations in paremiological units (proverbs and sayings) with anthroponyms as the structural-semantic component. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of structural specificity of paronyms in the Russian paremiological units, including anthroponyms and their functions performed in the text. The research material contains the Russian proverbs and sayings, selected through the method of continuous sampling from the Large dictionary of Russian Proverbs edited by V. M. Mokienko and the book “Russian Proverbs and Sayings” edited by V. P. Anikin. The analysis employs 145 paremiological units – proverbs and sayings. The relevance of this work is defined by the fact that the problem of paronymy in the Russian folklore texts, namely in paroemias, which provide quite an extensive description of paronymic relations, has not received a sufficient scientific coverage. The author applies the method of linguistic description for compartmentalization of paronymic units in proverbs and sayings, as well as structural-semantic method for clarification of the structural, semantic and functional peculiarities of paronyms as a part of paroemias. The novelty of this research lies in the attempt of a three-level (phonetic, morphological and syntactic) structural classification of paronyms in the Russian paronyms with anthroponyms. In the Russian proverbs and sayings, the author indicates the process of paronymic convergence of anthroponyms with other components of paroemias. This process in paroemias is represented by paronymic attraction, paronomasia, and paronymic sound game. Paronymic convergence of the proper names in the Russian proverbs carries out pragmatic functions - mnemonic, satirical, and expressive. The acquired results broaden the scientific representations of paronymy in the folklore texts, and can be used in teaching general linguistics, stylistics and lexicology in the university.

The Bacteriological Examination of the Urine in some Cases of General Paralysis

1913 ◽  
Vol 59 (247) ◽  
pp. 596-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barton White
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Micro Organisms

The occurrence of micro-organisms in the urine is well known to be associated with a variety of pathological conditions, among which mental diseases have been included. A definite connection between urinary bacteria and insanity, however, does not seem to have been made out, the subject being even more obscure than the relation of the intestinal flora to mental disease, which has been much more frequently investigated.

Italian Retrospect

1899 ◽  
Vol 45 (191) ◽  
pp. 804-806
Author(s):  
W. Ford Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Natural Sleep ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
The Subject

The Use of Lactophenin as an Hypnotic.—Christiani (Il Manicomio moderno, 1898, No. 2) has recently very strongly advocated the use of lactophenin as an hypnotic in the sleeplessness of the insane. Although his paper has already been noticed in this country (see Brit Med. Journ., 1898, vol. ii, Epitome, par. 448), in view of the probable importance of the subject, and the fact that the alleged therapeutic value of the drug has received strong confirmation from the experiments of Namirez (Brit. Med. Journ., 1899, vol. i, Epitome, par. 128), it may perhaps be useful to give an account of his observations here. He states that he has used lactophenin as an hypnotic in over two hundred cases of insanity, including practically all its various forms. He administered it in doses of from two to three grammes suspended in sweetened mucilage, one hour after supper. He concludes that the drug has an hypnotic action which is certain, rapid, intense, prolonged, and free from any danger. This action manifests itself in from half an hour to one hour after administration. The sleep induced resembles natural sleep. It is profound, quiet, and restorative, lasting generally from four to nine hours. Return to consciousness is not accompanied by any sensory, motor, or gastro-intestinal disturbances. The drug has no cumulative action. Its prolonged use does not give rise to inconvenience of any kind. In one case of general paralysis its administration was followed by jaundice, which, however, he thinks may have been due to some other cause. He has not found any contra-indication to its use in the existence of morbid physical conditions in the insane, such as nephritis cardiac disease, senility, pneumonia. & c. It may be given in any form of mental disease. In some instances it has failed, chiefly in cases of severe delirium. Like other hypnotics, it tends in many cases to gradually lose its effect. He believes that lactophenin is the hypnotic par excellence in insomnia of the insane accompanied by serious involvement of the physical health.

scholarly journals On the methods of recognition and classification of laser reflection points based on the Terrasolid software module on the Bentley Microstation platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (5) ◽  
pp. 052100
Author(s):  
R Dyachenko ◽  
D Gura ◽  
N Kiryunikova ◽  
E Lesovaya ◽  
N Khusht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Software Module ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Technological University

Abstract Nowadays, the use of the three-dimensional laser scanning technique in performing various scientific research comes to the fore, since this technology is one of the most developed and effective methods for analyzing the state of transport infrastructure objects and geodetic monitoring. The purpose of this paper is to develop an author’s algorithm for the classification of laser reflection points, based on the specialized Terrasolid software on the Bentley Microstation platform. The object of the research is the campus of the territory of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Technological University”. The subject of the research is the possibility of optimizing the process of classification of laser reflection points on the campus of the university territory. The result of the study is the author’s algorithm for the classification of laser reflection points.

Insanity in the Army and the Institution of Field Asylums [Le Psicosi nell'esercito e la Instituzione di Manicomi da Campo], (Il Manicomio, anno xxi, No. 2, 1905.) Tomasini.

1906 ◽  
Vol 52 (218) ◽  
pp. 600-600
Author(s):  
W. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
European Countries ◽  
First Year ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Very High ◽  
General Mortality

The author takes as his text the recent experiences of the Russo- Japanese war, in which, according to the testimony of numerous witnesses, outbreaks of acute insanity were extremely common in the battlefield, and occasionally assumed an epidemic character, and in which, moreover, many “regrettable incidents” were due to mental disorders in commanding officers. Dealing first with the statistics of suicide and of insanity in the army in time of peace, he points out that the former phenomenon is very much more frequent amongst soldiers than amongst the general population in the chief European countries. In Italy in 1901, while the suicide-rate for the whole country was about.061 per mille, in the army it amounted to “33 per mille. And it appears to be tending to increase; thus the figures for the years 1895 to 1901 show that, while sanitary improvements have reduced the general mortality in the army by nearly a half, the ratio of suicide has slightly risen. On examining the figures in detail it is seen that the suicide rate is very high during the first year of service, that it falls off some what in the second year, to rise again when the period of service is prolonged over two years. With regard to insanity, the official statistics would suggest that it is less frequent amongst soldiers than in the population at large, but the author contends that this result is misleading, inasmuch as the army represents a picked population which by reason of its age, constitution, and the exclusion from its ranks of the congenitally defective, is, or ought to be, specially free from insane tendency. In any case the rate of insanity in the Italian army is increasing notably of recent years. With regard to officers, there is a consensus of opinion in all countries that the incidence of insanity amongst them is peculiarly high, and this applies more particularly to general paralysis, which is estimated to account for 50 per cent, of mental disease in German officers, for 54 per cent, in French, and for 55 per cent, in Italian.

Amentia and Dementia: A Clinico-pathological Study

1905 ◽  
Vol 51 (213) ◽  
pp. 270-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shaw Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Sensory Reception ◽  
Cortex Cerebri ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mode Of Development

The following paper consists of further instalments of a research which has been conducted by the author for several years and which deals with the general pathology of mental disease from both clinical and pathological standpoints. The essential bases of a scientific general classification of mental diseases are a morbid anatomy and a general pathology. Before the latter problem could be successfully attacked a prolonged study of the structure and mode of development of the cell-layers of the cortex was necessary. This was commenced by a lengthy investigation of the region of the cortex concerned with the special sense of vision, and a paper on this subject was published in 1900.(1) This paper dealt, by the method of micrometric examination, with the general histology of the regions of the cortex cerebri concerned in the immediate reception (projection centre) and the elaboration (lower associational centre) of visual impressions; and the research resulted in the exact localisation of the primary visual area of the cerebral cortex. This region was described by the author as the “visuo-sensory” area, and to the surrounding area of visual association he applied the term “visuo-psychic.(2) The results obtained from this study of the cortical areas concerned with one special sense were considered sufficient for the purposes of the research, and the region of the cortex cerebri which occupies a higher plane in the hierarchy of cerebral function than those concerned with sensory reception and elaboration was then taken into consideration. Before, however, it was possible to apply the same method to the region of the cortex cerebri concerned in higher association and the general orderly co-ordination of psychic processes, it was first necessary to satisfactorily determine the particular part of the cortex which possesses these functions, as this is the subject of grave dispute on the part of different authors.(3)

Insane Movements and Obsession

1909 ◽  
Vol 55 (230) ◽  
pp. 500-509
Author(s):  
J. Lougheed Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Open Window ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind

One cannot visit the wards of an asylum without realising that there are many types of mental disease, each with its own symptoms and physical signs, and that intercurrent and overlapping affections of the mind are especially common; thus, in maniacal excitement you may find delusions, in paranoia you find delusions with marked impairment of judgment, in general paralysis you get, in addition to physical signs, delusions, which vary from the facility of the early period to the more difficult mentation found in the advanced age, so that here we have three distinct types of disease, each of which may have delusions, and the delusions may all be of the exalted variety— the patients may consider themselves gods, kings, or mighty personages. The progress of research has had more difficulties to contend with in the subject of mind than in almost any other. It is a subject which is intangible, yet its reactions can be timed. It is unseen, yet its force can manifest itself in various ways through various channels, and it is even possible to transfer it from one person to another if the medium is so constituted, as in hypnotism, thought transference, and similar phenomena. It may occur to you to ask why has the subject of insane movement and obsession been chosen for this paper; well, gentlemen, for some years it has been my lot to witness, on my daily round of the wards, grotesque movements, antics and pantomimic display by patients, which, were they not interesting as symptoms and physical signs of nervous disease, might otherwise be depressing because of their meaninglessness. About three years ago, however, I had my attention drawn to a woman who seemed engaged in making movements, the precise character of which I had not read of or seen before in any asylum. I shall show you this patient making these movements by means of the cinematograph. We would have brought her here only she obstinately refuses to operate when watched, and it was necessary to have the cinematograph pictures focussed through a partly open window when she least suspected observation. Gentlemen, we are well acquainted with such terms as insane acts, insane expression, insane language, insane conduct, and insane movements.

Menstruation in Relation to Mental Disorders

1928 ◽  
Vol 74 (306) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Healey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Association ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
British Medical Association ◽  
Interesting Problem ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Association Meeting ◽  
The Subject

In July, 1927, at a British Medical Association meeting, in the Obstetrics and Gynæcology Section, G. I. Strachan dealt with the mental side of the hygiene of menstruation. He made the statements that in cases where menstruation was influenced in mental disease it was usually in the direction of excess, and moreover he had found no justification for the text-book statement that insanity was usually accompanied by amenorrhœa. A study of the more important text-books of psychiatry reveals a paucity of information on the subject, and this has stimulated me to collect any facts which have bearing on this interesting problem.

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