Traité de la Paralysis Générale des Aliénés. Par M. Voisin

1880 ◽  
Vol 25 (112) ◽  
pp. 547-556
Keyword(s):  
General Paralysis ◽  
Mental Symptoms

The last class includes the so-called “general paralysis without mental symptoms.”

Clinical Notes on Haemorrhages in General Paralysis

1886 ◽  
Vol 31 (136) ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
Geo. H. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
System A ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
The One ◽  
Nutritional Changes

In so-called nervous disorders it is common to find changes occur in other of the bodily systems than the nervous. The pathology of nervous disease should be looked upon as a general pathology, and it is certain that we cannot look to the one system alone for causes of all the nervous disorders without greatly misunderstanding the whole subject. The more exact we become in limiting the causes, the more liable are we to error. We are all prepared to consider general paralysis of the insane as essentially a disease of the nervous system, a disease in which nearly every part of the nervous system may suffer sooner or later. But beside the essentially nervous symptoms which occur in the disease, we are constantly struck by the regular series of nutritional changes which occur in general paralysis, and this is so much the case that we are quite prepared to recognise as general paralysis a disorder in which any mental symptoms have been present, but have after a brief period of acuteness been followed by a state of fatness and weak-mindedness which again has been followed by a period of wasting and further mental weakness. We have here nervous symptoms related very directly with nutritional changes.

Some Doubtful Cases of So-Called General Paralysis of the Insane

1914 ◽  
Vol 60 (249) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

Cases of mental disease which give definite mental symptoms and physical signs of the condition recognised and at present called general paralysis of the insane, and which, moreover give a Wassermann reaction, seem to be invariably due to syphilis, and to contain in many cases spirochætes in the cerebral substance. Out of seven such cases of well-marked general paralysis, which on death were examined for spirochætes by Dr. McIntosh, six cases showed the presence of spirochætes. The seventh case was regarded as doubtful.

Mental Disease (not General Paralysis) associated with Tabes Dorsalis

1897 ◽  
Vol 43 (180) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
P. W. Macdonald ◽  
A. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Tabes Dorsalis ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Nerve Tracts

The object of this paper is not so much to relate anything that is new as to show that mental symptoms are not always easy of classification when associated with organic changes in nerve tracts outside the cerebral cavity.

An Account of Two Cases of Locomotor Ataxia, with Mental Symptoms simulating those of General Paralysis

1878 ◽  
Vol 24 (106) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
J. W. Plaxton ◽  
W. Bevan Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
The West ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Condensed Form ◽  
Mental Symptoms

Two cases illustrative of the above interesting combination of symptoms have recently come to their close in the West Riding Asylum. The mental ailment in both cases was characterised by exaltation of idea, and in both also the course of the disease was marked by closely similar phases leading up to the somewhat rapidly fatal termination. The following, in a condensed form, are the leading facts as regards the history and clinical features of the cases as recorded more at length in the Asylum Case Book:—

The Varieties of General Paralysis of the Insane

1878 ◽  
Vol 24 (105) ◽  
pp. 25-49
Author(s):  
W. Julius Mickle
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Serous Effusion ◽  
Chronic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Pathological Anatomy ◽  
Chronic Meningitis ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Large Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Organic Lesions

In any large group of cases of general paralysis, there are such differences in the mental symptoms, the paretic signs, the mode of onset, the course, intercurrent affections, duration, variability and mobility of symptoms, and pathological anatomy of the several cases, that one must feel that there are varieties of the disease. This has led to subdivisions of the affection, or grouping of its cases, scarcely any of which have had a pathological basis. True it is that Bayle, who was the first to differentiate general paralysis, and who attributed its striking phenomena each to a special morbid change, was led to place his cases in five series, in the first of which were simply the lesions of chronic meningitis, and in the second abundant serous effusion was added to these; in the third consecutive inflammation of the grey cortex; in the fourth arachnoid false membranes (cysts); and in the fifth various cerebral affections, complicated the chronic inflammation of the soft membranes. Yet many of his explanations are obviously incorrect, although his work marks a marvellous advance in science. Again, Baillarger, Requin, Prus, Duhamel, Duchenne, Sandras and others, held that general paralysis occurred either with or without insanity, and the first-named of these denied that the insanity is anything more than secondary and accessory in general paralysis of the insane.∗ Further, he speaks, and in this is followed by Lunier, of the symptoms of general paralysis as being produced by (1) chronic meningo-encephalitis, and by (2) chronic hydrocephalus (Dance, Moulin), or serous effusion following apoplexy (Rochoux, Moulin), or symptomatic of organic lesions. But they do not in any way distinguish between the cases arising from the two kinds of lesion, further than that Lunier asserts an absence of trembling of the limbs in those from lesions of the second kind.

On Larceny, as committed by Patients in the earlier stages of General Paralysis

1873 ◽  
Vol 18 (84) ◽  
pp. 536-543
Author(s):  
J. Wilkie Burman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Condition ◽  
Kind Permission ◽  
The West ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Mental Symptoms

Having recently admitted into the West Riding Asylum no less than three general paralytics, who either came from prison, or had undergone imprisonment not long previous to admission, on account of the commission of larceny; and being of opinion, considering the stage at which, in each case, the disease had arrived on admission, that its commencement must have dated prior to the commission of the crime;—I have been led to make further enquiry as to these and other similar cases which have occurred within the experience and recollection of the present medical officers of the West Riding Asylum. The result is, that I am now enabled, by the kind permission of Dr. Crichton Browne, to record short details of six cases of general paralysis, all males, and admitted during the last four years, in which it appears to me the commission of the crime was a manifestation of the earlier mental symptoms of the disease. Such being the case, the patients ought not to have been held responsible for their actions. I feel it, therefore, a duty, to call the attention of medical officers of prisons, and “all whom it may concern,” to these facts, and to urge upon them the necessity of instituting a more searching enquiry into the mental condition of such cases, and also of cultivating a more extended acquaintance with the symptoms—especially the earlier ones—both mental and physical, of that very common and peculiar disease usually termed “general paralysis of the insane;” and this I would do in no dictatorial spirit, for I am well assured that those to whom my remarks are addressed are susceptible to the influence of that humane sentiment which leads us to shrink from inflicting punishment for crime committed by persons who are of unsound mind and consequently not legally responsible for their actions.

On General Paralysis

1860 ◽  
Vol 7 (35) ◽  
pp. 88-104
Author(s):  
Harrington Tuke
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Power ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Mental Powers ◽  
Do So

It still, I think, unnecessarily remains a disputed question, whether the mental affection in general paralysis does, or does not, precede the symptoms that mark enfeebled muscular power. Esquirol, indeed, distinctly states, in speaking of the corporeal paralysis, tantôt elle précède le délire, but it must be clear that this is after all negative testimony, it only means that Esquirol has been told so; it can only go to prove, as a close examination of the case quoted by Calmeil proves, that there were no symptoms observed by the friends of the patient, to lead them to suspect insanity, before the paralysis appeared. It has always been taught by Dr. Conolly, that the mental symptoms are synchronous with, or antecedent to the paralysis, and this is consistent with Esquirol's conclusion, that general paralysis is a “complication of insanity“; a definition called out by the not very lucid objection of Dr. Burrows, that he, Esquirol, seemed to think the paralysis to be the “effect, and not the cause of the insanity.” The real question to be decided is, whether in an undoubted case of ‘general paralysis,’ with mental aberration, the paralysie générale of Calmeil, there has ever been a period of the malady during which, with the muscular affection distinct, the mental powers were unaffected ? I have never seen such a case, and with my strong opinion of the special nature of the disease, should not expect to do so; it has already been pointed out that the statement of the paralysis existing with ‘weakening of the intellect,’ only widens the question into a consideration, of how small an amount of weakening constitutes unsoundness of mind. The existence of a case ultimately becoming insane, presenting paralytic symptoms, and yet showing undiminished mental vigour for some time after they appeared, if recorded by a competent observer, would go far to shake the opinion held by many of our leading physicians, as well as by myself, that general paralysis is a disorder, sui generis, and, though neither ‘cause or effect’ of unsoundness of mind, inseparably connected with it. At present, no such case is on record.

Winner of the Gaskell Prize

1896 ◽  
Vol 42 (179) ◽  
pp. 904-905
Author(s):  
William Richard Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Form ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Cerebral Pathology ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Written Questions ◽  
Cerebral Convolutions

The following were the written questions:—1.—Give in detail the pathological changes found microscopically in the Cerebral Convolutions and Meninges in General Paralysis of the Insane. 2.—What are the mental symptoms which occur in Myxódema? How do you explain them? What is the cerebral pathology of this disease? 3.—Define “Judgment.” What is the difference between Judgment and Reasoning P What is the relation to Judgment of (a) Hesitation and (b) Doubt? 4.—To what morbid changes are the cells of the fifth layer of the Cortex liable, and in what form of insanity are these cells specially affected? 5.—Is there a distinct form of insanity which may properly be termed homicidal mania? If so, describe its characters and show how it differs from other forms of insanity accompanied by homicidal propensities. 6.—To what extent may the advent of puberty be regarded as a cause of insanity? What do you consider to be the mode of its operation?

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