Increased Occurrence of Schizophrenia and other Psychiatric Illnesses Among Twins

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Kläning ◽  
Preben Bo Mortensen ◽  
Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
First Admission ◽  
Danish Twin

BackgroundWe wished to establish whether the occurrence of schizophrenia among twins is the same as among the general population.MethodThrough record linkage between the New Danish Twin Register and the Danish Psychiatric Case Register, the twins who have ever received a diagnosis of schizophrenia were identified. Through indirect standardisation for age, sex and dates of admission, the rate of first admission with diagnosis schizophrenia among twins is compared to the same rate in the general population.ResultsA 28% increase in the rate of first admissions for schizophrenia in twins compared to the general population was found. This is statistically significant and does not seem to be caused by any known methodological problems. Twins also had an increased first-admission rate of any psychiatric disorders.ConclusionThis increased risk does not seem to be explained by known methodological problems, but does differ from earlier studies.

Greater occurrence of schizophrenia in dizygotic but not monozygotic twins

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Kläning
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Direction Opposite ◽  
First Admission ◽  
Danish Twin

BackgroundA previous study demonstrated a higher rate of first hospitalisation for schizophrenia in twins than in singletons.AimsTo compare the schizophrenia rates in monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins and the general population.MethodThrough record linkage between the Young Cohort of the Danish Twin Register and the Danish Psychiatric Case Register, the rate of schizophrenia in’ monozygotic and dizygotic twins and the rate in the general population were compared.ResultsThe rate of first admission to hospital for schizophrenia in dizygotic twins was 40% greater than that in the general population. The rate in monozygotic twins was not increased. The difference between the rates in mono- and dizygotic twins was statistically significant (P < 0.001)ConclusionsThis result is surprising and is in the direction opposite to that expected, suggesting new possibilities in the study of risk factors.

Winter-Born v Summer-Born Schizophrenics

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Kendell ◽  
I. W. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
To Receive ◽  
First Admission

Data from two sources-the Edinburgh Psychiatric Case Register and the psychiatric inpatient records of the Scottish Health Service-were used to compare large populations of first-admission schizophrenics born in winter (January to March) and in summer (June to October). Parallel comparisons were carried out for affective psychoses. Comparison of the months of birth of the Scottish patients with those of the general population indicated that there was a 9% excess of schizophrenic births and a 3% excess of affective births in the first 3 months of the year. In the Edinburgh material, winter-born schizophrenics were more likely than the summer-born to receive a diagnosis of paranoid or schizoaffective schizophrenia and less likely to receive diagnoses other than schizophrenia on readmission, but neither of these differences emerged in the much larger Scottish material. There were no differences between winter-and summer-born schizophrenics in age of onset, sex ratio, or prognosis in either data set, nor were any significant differences found between winter- and summer-born affectives. We have therefore failed to demonstrate any convincing differences between winter-and summer-born schizophrenics.

scholarly journals Association between inflammatory bowel disease and psychiatric morbidity and suicide: A Swedish nationwide population-based cohort study with sibling comparisons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas F  Ludvigsson ◽  
Ola Olén ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Jonas Halfvarson ◽  
Catarina Almqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elderly Onset

Abstract Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to psychiatric morbidity, but few studies have assessed general population comparators. We aimed to investigate the risk of psychiatric morbidity and suicide in adult-onset IBD patients. Methods Nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden (1973-2013). We studied the risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide in 69,865 adult-onset IBD patients (ulcerative colitis, UC: n=43,557; Crohn’s disease, CD: n=21,245; and IBD-unclassified: n=5063) compared to 3,472,913 general population references and 66,292 siblings. Results During a median follow-up of 11 years, we found 7,465 (10.7%) first psychiatric disorders in IBD (incidence rate, IR/1000 person-years 8.4) and 306,911 (9.9%) in the general population (IR 6.6), resulting in 1.8 extra psychiatric morbidity per 100 patients followed-up for 10 years and a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 95%CI=1.2-1.3). The highest risk of overall psychiatric morbidity was seen in the first year after IBD diagnosis (HR=1.4, 95%CI=1.2-1.6) and in patients with extraintestinal manifestations (HR=1.6, 95%CI=1.5-1.7). Psychiatric morbidity was more common in all IBD subtypes (HRs 1.3 to 1.5). An increased risk of suicide attempts was observed among all IBD types (HRs=1.2 to 1.4), whereas completed suicide was explicitly associated with CD (HR=1.5) and elderly-onset (diagnosed at the age of &gt;60 years) IBD (HR=1.7). Conclusion Adult-onset IBD was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts. Psychological follow-up should be provided to patients with IBD, especially those with extraintestinal manifestations and elderly-onset IBD. This follow-up should transpire within the first year after IBD diagnosis.

Psychiatric Illnesses in the Families of Female Criminals: A Study of 288 First-Degree Relatives

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (571) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robert Cloninger ◽  
Samuel B. Guze
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Female Criminals

Sociopathy, alcoholism, and drug dependence have been shown to be the only psychiatric disorders more frequent among convicted male felons than in the general population (4, 5). In these studies, sociopathy, regardless of other disorders, was found in nearly 80 per cent. An increased prevalence of sociopathy, alcoholism, drug dependence, and hysteria, or Briquet's Syndrome (3), was found among the first-degree relatives of these felons; hysteria (Briquet's Syndrome) among the female relatives and the other disorders predominantly among the male relatives. Overall, 44 per cent of the male felons' first-degree relatives received a psychiatric diagnosis (6).

Time Trends in the Care-Based Incidence of Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Oldehinkel ◽  
R. Giel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Admission

BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested a declining first-admission rate for schizophrenia. This study examines the care-based incidence of schizophrenia in a Dutch register area.MethodData from Groningen psychiatric case register were used to compare first-admission rates for schizophrenia over 1976–90 with those of other functional psychoses, and to consider various potential biases.ResultsDiagnostic habits probably affected time trends in incidence rates. Using a broader definition of schizophrenia, no evidence was found for a decrease in the incidence of schizophrenia. Although first admissions to intramural services showed a (non-significant) decrease, this effect seemed to be neutralised when all mental health services were taken into account.ConclusionsCare-based studies of time trends in psychiatric disorders should embrace all mental health services. Furthermore, unless a diagnostic classification system with univocal criteria is used, bias caused by changing diagnostic habits cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric safety of varenicline in the general and COPD population with and without psychiatric disorders: a retrospective cohort study in a real-world setting

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042417
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Jens H. Bos ◽  
Catharina C.M. Schuiling-Veninga ◽  
H. Marike Boezen ◽  
Job F. M. van Boven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Real World ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Prescription Database ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesTo evaluate the real-world association between varenicline and neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) in general and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) population with and without psychiatric disorders compared with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to strengthen the knowledge of varenicline safety.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingPrescription database IADB.nl, the Netherlands.ParticipantsNew users of varenicline or NRT among general (≥18 years) and COPD (≥40 years) population. Psychiatric subcohort was defined as people prescribed psychotropic medications (≥2) within 6 months before the index date.Outcome measuresThe incidence of NPAEs including depression, anxiety and insomnia, defined by new or naive prescriptions of related medications in IADB.nl within 24 weeks after the first treatment initiation of varenicline or NRT.ResultsFor the general population in non-psychiatric cohort, the incidence of total NPAEs in varenicline (4480) and NRT (1970) groups was 10.5% and 12.6%, respectively (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.00). For the general population in psychiatric cohort, the incidence of total NPAEs was much higher, 75.3% and 78.5% for varenicline (1427) and NRT (1200) groups, respectively (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99). For the COPD population (1598), there were no differences in the incidence of NPAEs between comparison groups in both the psychiatric cohort (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.44) and non-psychiatric cohort (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.20). Results from subgroup or sensitivity analyses also did not reveal increased risks of NPAEs but showed decreased risk of some subgroup NPAEs associated with varenicline.ConclusionsIn contrast to the concerns of a possible increased risk of NPAEs among varenicline users, we found a relative decreased risk of total NPAEs in varenicline users of the general population in psychiatric or non-psychiatric cohorts compared with NRT and no difference for NPAEs between varenicline and NRT users in smaller population with COPD.

CLINICAL CHALLENGES FOR ANESTHESIOLOGIST FACING PATIENT WITH ACROMEGALY. CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Jūratė Gudaitytė ◽  
Justina Jermolajevaitė ◽  
Martynas Judickas
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Case Report ◽  
General Population ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fluid Regulation ◽  
Class Iv

Background and objectives: Acromegaly is endocri­nal disorder which results in changes involving ge­neral appearance as well as upper airway abnorma­lities, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders which can aggravate the anesthesia and can lead to compli­cations. We aim to discuss the challenges for anesthe­siologist that occurs facing patient with acromegaly and are necessary to investigate before performing any kind of intervention. Case Presentation: 79 years old male patient presen­ted the hospital with recently diagnosed acromegaly for rectal prolapse surgery. From anamnesis he had NYHAIII with cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension, also multiple old compressive fractures Th10 – L5. He was graded with Mallam­pati score IV and ASA class IV. The complemen­tary examinations were made to assess the possible complications. In induction of general anesthesia the intubation was performed using fibro- bronchoscope and anesthesia went without complications except hypotension which was managed. After surgery the patient was leaded to the postoperative room for furt­her monitoring. Discussion and Conclusion: Acromegalic patients have an increased risk of difficulty during anesthe­sia compared to general population due to difficult intubation, cardiovascular complications , OSA , alte­ration in intraoperative glucose intolerance and fluid regulation. Therefore profound investigation and as­sessment are necessary to predict and prepare for possible difficulties in the surgery room.

Anticholinergic Burden among Hospitalised Older Adults with Psychiatric Illnesses- A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Shanker Reddy Mukku ◽  
Preeti Sinha ◽  
Palanimuthu Thangaraju Sivakumar ◽  
Mathew Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Anticholinergic Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden ◽  
Number Of Males

Background: Drugs with anticholinergic properties are known to be associated with deleterious effects on cognition in older adults. There is a paucity of literature in this aspect in older adults with psychiatric disorders. Objective: To examine the anticholinergic cognitive burden and its predictors in hospitalised older adults having psychiatric disorders. Methods: Case records of older adults who sought inpatient care under the Geriatric Psychiatry Unit from January, 2019 to June, 2019 were reviewed. The anticholinergic burden was assessed with Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale updated version, 2012. Results: Sample included 129 older adults with an almost equal number of males (53.48%) and females (46.52%) having a mean age of 67.84 (SD = 6.96) years. The diagnostic spectrum included depression (34.89%), dementia (31.01%), mania (10.85%), psychosis (13.95%), delirium (6.20%) and others (3.1%). 60.47% of the patients had more than one medical illness. 48.84% of the older adults had clinically relevant anticholinergic cognitive burden ( ACB score ≥ 3). Use of 3 or more psychotropic drugs (OR = 4.88), diagnosis of psychosis/ mania (OR = 7.62) and dementia/ delirium (neurocognitive disorders group) (OR = 5.17) increased the risk of ACB score ≥ 3. Conclusion: Nearly half of the older adults in psychiatry in-patient setting had clinically relevant anticholinergic burden, which was associated with higher use of psychotropics. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring for anticholinergic effects of psychotropics in older adults.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors of ultra-Orthodox Jewish women in Israel: a comparison study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Leiter ◽  
K L Greenberg ◽  
M Donchin ◽  
O Keidar ◽  
S Siemiatycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Women from low socio-economic, culturally insular populations are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The ultra-Orthodox Jewish (UOJ) community in Israel is a difficult to access, rapidly growing low socio-economic, insular minority with numerous obstacles to health. The current study investigates CVD-related risk factors (RF) in a sample of OUJ women, comparing sample characteristics with the general population. Addressing the questions, 'Are UOJ women at increased risk for CVD?', 'Which RFs should be addressed beyond the general population's?', this study can inform public health initiatives (PHI) for this and similar populations. Methods Self-administered questionnaires completed by a cluster randomized sample of 239 women from a UOJ community included demographics, fruit, vegetables, and sweetened drink consumption, secondhand smoke exposure, physical activity (PA) engagement, and BMI. Population statistics utilized for comparison of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors were obtained from government-sponsored national surveys. Results Compared with the general population, UOJ women were less likely to consume 5 fruits and vegetables a day (12.7% vs. 24.3%, p&lt;.001) and more likely to consume &gt; 5 cups of sweetened beverages a day (18.6% vs. 12.6%, p=.019). UOJ women also reported less secondhand smoke exposure (7.2% vs. 51.4%, p&lt;.001) and higher rates of PA recommendation adherence (60.1% vs. 25.6%, p&lt;.0001) than the general population. Obesity was higher in UOJ women (24.3% vs. 16.1%, p&lt;.0001). Conclusions This study suggests that PHIs in this population target healthy weight maintenance, nutrition, and PA. As a consequence of this study, the first CVD prevention intervention has been implemented in this population, targeting the identified RFs. Utilizing a mixed methods and community-based participatory approach, this innovative 3-year intervention reached over 2,000 individuals. Key messages This study identified nutrition risk behaviors and high levels of obesity in a difficult to access, minority population. This study informed the planning and implementation of a community-based PHI.

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