Psychiatric Illnesses in the Families of Female Criminals: A Study of 288 First-Degree Relatives

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (571) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robert Cloninger ◽  
Samuel B. Guze
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Female Criminals

Sociopathy, alcoholism, and drug dependence have been shown to be the only psychiatric disorders more frequent among convicted male felons than in the general population (4, 5). In these studies, sociopathy, regardless of other disorders, was found in nearly 80 per cent. An increased prevalence of sociopathy, alcoholism, drug dependence, and hysteria, or Briquet's Syndrome (3), was found among the first-degree relatives of these felons; hysteria (Briquet's Syndrome) among the female relatives and the other disorders predominantly among the male relatives. Overall, 44 per cent of the male felons' first-degree relatives received a psychiatric diagnosis (6).

Increased Occurrence of Schizophrenia and other Psychiatric Illnesses Among Twins

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Kläning ◽  
Preben Bo Mortensen ◽  
Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
First Admission ◽  
Danish Twin

BackgroundWe wished to establish whether the occurrence of schizophrenia among twins is the same as among the general population.MethodThrough record linkage between the New Danish Twin Register and the Danish Psychiatric Case Register, the twins who have ever received a diagnosis of schizophrenia were identified. Through indirect standardisation for age, sex and dates of admission, the rate of first admission with diagnosis schizophrenia among twins is compared to the same rate in the general population.ResultsA 28% increase in the rate of first admissions for schizophrenia in twins compared to the general population was found. This is statistically significant and does not seem to be caused by any known methodological problems. Twins also had an increased first-admission rate of any psychiatric disorders.ConclusionThis increased risk does not seem to be explained by known methodological problems, but does differ from earlier studies.

An Examination of the Associations between Life Problems and Psychiatric Disorders in a Rural Patient Population

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Yellowlees ◽  
Anil V. Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Rural Patient ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Pathology Data

The objective of this clinical study was to examine the differential effects of adversity on pathology. Data obtained from a previously described consecutive series of 707 patients was re-analysed to this effect. A series of specific life events, as well as behaviours that were likely to be secondary to psychiatric disorder, were examined. High rates of life problems such as incest, sexual assault, domestic violence, suicide attempts, and alcohol, tranquilliser and substance abuse were found in the group of patients in general. There were no major differences in the prevalence of these problems in patients with major functional disorders, anxiety disorders, short-lived minor psychiatric disorders, or in “control” patients with no primary Axis I or Axis II diagnosis. Patients with personality disorders as their major psychiatric diagnosis did, however, experience higher levels of the majority of these problems. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed. It is concluded that patients who develop chronic psychiatric illnesses are probably more psychologically or biologically vulnerable than those patients who develop short-lived disorders and who do not achieve a major psychiatric diagnosis from the practising clinician.

Genetic Implications in Assortative Mating of Affective Disorders

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Smeraldi ◽  
Fiammetta Negri ◽  
Anna Maria Melica ◽  
Rosanna Zuliani ◽  
Mariangela Gasperini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders

SummaryPsychiatric disorders in a sample of spouses of probands with recurrent Primary Affective Disorders (PAD) and in their first degree relatives were evaluated and compared with those in the spouses of control subjects without psychiatric illnesses. No differences were found in the risk for PAD, but spouses of PAD patients and their respective first degree relatives manifested a greater incidence of affective spectrum disorders.

A Family Study of Two Subgroups of Schizoaffective Patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Family Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorders ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Group A

A family study was carried out in two groups of patients fulfilling RDC for schizoaffective disorder: in one, a full affective and a full schizophrenic syndrome were simultaneously present; in the other, affective and schizophrenic features appeared within a polymorphic and rapidly changing clinical picture, with depersonalisation/derealisation and/or confusion. In the first-degree relatives of patients of the former group, the risk of major psychiatric disorders was not significantly different from that of relatives of schizophrenics, whereas in the first-degree relatives of patients of the latter group a low risk for both schizophrenia and major affective disorders, and a relatively high risk for schizoaffective disorders, were observed.

Anticholinergic Burden among Hospitalised Older Adults with Psychiatric Illnesses- A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Shanker Reddy Mukku ◽  
Preeti Sinha ◽  
Palanimuthu Thangaraju Sivakumar ◽  
Mathew Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Anticholinergic Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden ◽  
Number Of Males

Background: Drugs with anticholinergic properties are known to be associated with deleterious effects on cognition in older adults. There is a paucity of literature in this aspect in older adults with psychiatric disorders. Objective: To examine the anticholinergic cognitive burden and its predictors in hospitalised older adults having psychiatric disorders. Methods: Case records of older adults who sought inpatient care under the Geriatric Psychiatry Unit from January, 2019 to June, 2019 were reviewed. The anticholinergic burden was assessed with Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale updated version, 2012. Results: Sample included 129 older adults with an almost equal number of males (53.48%) and females (46.52%) having a mean age of 67.84 (SD = 6.96) years. The diagnostic spectrum included depression (34.89%), dementia (31.01%), mania (10.85%), psychosis (13.95%), delirium (6.20%) and others (3.1%). 60.47% of the patients had more than one medical illness. 48.84% of the older adults had clinically relevant anticholinergic cognitive burden ( ACB score ≥ 3). Use of 3 or more psychotropic drugs (OR = 4.88), diagnosis of psychosis/ mania (OR = 7.62) and dementia/ delirium (neurocognitive disorders group) (OR = 5.17) increased the risk of ACB score ≥ 3. Conclusion: Nearly half of the older adults in psychiatry in-patient setting had clinically relevant anticholinergic burden, which was associated with higher use of psychotropics. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring for anticholinergic effects of psychotropics in older adults.

Arterial stiffness could reflect increased cardiac load and reduced pulmonary function in the general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Murai ◽  
T Sugiura ◽  
Y Dohi ◽  
H Takase ◽  
T Mizoguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
The Other

Abstract Background Pulmonary function is known to decrease with age and reduced pulmonary function has been reported to be associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death. The association between pulmonary impairment and atherosclerosis was reported previously but has not been investigated sufficiently in the general population. Purpose We hypothesized that arterial stiffness could reflect increase of cardiac load and reduced pulmonary function. The present study aimed to investigate whether increased cardiac load and reduced pulmonary function could affect arterial stiffness in the general population. Methods Subjects undergoing their health check-up were enrolled. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels were measured to evaluate cardiac load and myocardial damage. Radial augmentation index (rAI) was measured to investigate arterial stiffness using HEM-9000AI device. Subjects with an ST-T segment abnormality on the electrocardiogram, renal insufficiency, cancer, active inflammatory disease, or a history of cardiovascular events and pulmonary disease were excluded. Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry by calculating forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of predicted value (FVC%-predicted), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) as a percentage of predicted value (FEV1%-predicted), and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC). Results A total of 1100 subjects aged 57 years were enrolled and their median values of BNP and hs-cTnI were 15.5 and 2.3 pg/ml. The levels of rAI were significantly associated with the levels of BNP after adjustment for possible confounders in multivariate regression analysis, but were not with the levels of hs-TnI. While the parameters of pulmonary function were inversely associated with the levels of rAI and hs-cTnI after adjustment for possible confounders in the multivariate regression analysis, but not with the levels of BNP. The other multivariate regression analyses where BNP, hs-cTnI, parameters of pulmonary function, and the other possible factors were simultaneously included as independent variables revealed that the BNP levels and the FVC%-predicted or FEV1%-predicted, besides age, gender, smoking status, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, creatinine, fasting plasma glucose, and triglyceride, were significantly associated with the levels of rAI. Conclusions The significant associations of rAI with BNP and pulmonary function were revealed in the general population. These findings support that arterial stiffness could reflect increased cardiac load and reduced pulmonary function, in apparently healthy individuals. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

The Role of Psychiatric Disorders in Predicting Drug Dependence Treatment Outcomes

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson M. Compton III ◽  
Linda B. Cottler ◽  
Jacqueline L. Jacobs ◽  
Arbi Ben-Abdallah ◽  
Edward L. Spitznagel
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Drug Dependence Treatment

Frequency of and Determinants for Psychotropic Drug Use in an Institution for the Mentally Retarded

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav M. Linaker
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses

The frequency of psychotropic and anticonvulsant drug use in 168 institutionalised mentally retarded adults was studied. Use of neuroleptics and anticonvulsants was more frequent and use of hypnotics and antidepressants less frequent than in the general population. Neuroleptics were given to 49% of the population. Clients with no psychiatric diagnosis consumed less neuroleptics than those with such a diagnosis, and there was a non-significant trend for those with a more serious diagnosis (e.g. schizophrenia) to take a higher dosage. The degree of disruptive behaviour and the availability of a physician were related to dosage of neuroleptics. The various psychiatric diagnoses given could explain only a small proportion of the variance in dosage.

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