Neuropsychological Function in Manic-Depressive Psychosis Evidence for Persistent Deficits in Patients with Chronic, Severe Illness

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. McKay ◽  
A. F. Tarbuck ◽  
J. Shapleske ◽  
P. J. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Young Patients ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation

BackgroundWhile neuropsychological deficits are recognised to occur in manic-depressive psychosis during episodes of depression and to reverse with clinical recovery, it is uncertain whether they can ever be seen outside episodes of illness.MethodForty-five patients meeting DSM–III–R criteria for major depression or bipolar disorder were screened using tests of memory, executive function and overall intellectual function. All testing was carried out during remission of affective symptoms.ResultsNone of 24 young patients and 11 elderly patients scored in the impaired range on any of the tests. However, five of ten patients with chronic, severe affective disorder were impaired on one or more of the measures. On more detailed neuropsychological investigation, these five patients were found to show a variable pattern of impairment, ranging from memory and executive deficits in relative isolation, to widespread poor performance.ConclusionsEnduring neuropsychological deficits may be a feature of chronic, severe manic-depressive illness.

Mixed Affective States and the Natural History of Manic-Depressive Psychosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. H. Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
History Of

SummarySince neither the unipolar nor the bipolar theories of manic-depressive psychosis explain all its features, an alternative model was tested. The hypotheses are that mixed affective psychoses represent a superimposition on hypomania of a second type of depression which can sometimes develop from the depressive phase of manic-depressive psychosis, and that schizophrenia occurring in the course of a manic-depressive illness is an alternative to mixed affective psychosis.From an examination of the clinical histories of a random sample of people with bipolar manic-depressive psychosis, evidence was found to support both ideas.

Sous-groupes dans le domaine des états-limites

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-396
Author(s):  
Michael H. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Borderline Patients ◽  
Broad Domain ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

The currently most popular definitions of “borderline” are those of Kernberg, Gunderson and Spitzer (now incorporated into the DSM-III). The Kernberg criteria define a level of function (between “Neurotic” and “Psychotic”); the Gunderson criteria, a more narrowly circumscribed clinical syndrome, phenomenologically distinct from schizophrenia and from the psychoneuroses. The DSM-III criteria are derived from these and other sources and define a broad domain that includes the other usages of “borderline.” Even the narrower definitions of borderline describe a collection of conditions heterogeneous with respect to hereditary, constitutional and psychosocial factors. Genetic, biochemical and clinical research suggests the appropriateness of dividing the borderline domain into a variety of sub-types. The largest proportion of borderline cases are effective (with prominent depressive symptoms; occasionally, with cyclothymic or hypomanic symptoms). Of these, some show strong “endogenous” features, as well as family pedigrees of manic-depressive illness. This category includes many patients with anorexia nervosa or with agoraphobia. In others, the affective symptoms seem more related to severe psychosocial stresses in early life (including physical abuse, parental deprivation, or incest). Smaller proportions within the borderline domain are occupied by schizotypal cases (many with hereditary linkage to core schizophrenia), or by organic cases (including temporal lobe epilepsy, or minimal brain damage, giving rise to the “episodic dyscontrol” syndrome). Biochemical and nerophysiological markers that may be useful in distinguishing among the borderline subtypes include measure of platelet MA O-activity, of dexamethasone suppression, of R.E.M. latency, motion-sickness susceptibility and of average evoked response to photic stimulation. Attention to subtypes is important in considering optimal treatment for borderline patients. Not all respond to analytically-oriented psychotherapy alone. Those with severe affective symptoms often require antidepressant medication or lithium. Affectively ill borderlines usually have a better prognosis than schizotypals. In cases of episodic dyscontrol, anti-epileptic drugs may be useful.

Affective Equivalents

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (461) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Involutional Melancholia ◽  
Progressive Enlargement

Since its first formulation, the concept of manic-depressive illness has been subject to successive modification and, on the whole, to progressive enlargement. It was Kraepelin, following on the attempts of Baillarger, Falret and Magnan, who grouped together all the various nosographic forms distinguished by isolated depressive or manic crises, periodic or alternating (and even the form designated as involutional melancholia), including them all under the sole class name of manic-depressive psychosis. The morbid entity thus defined was regarded as distinguished by the periodicity of the crises, each with a tendency towards social remission. Aetiologically the causation was seen as preponderantly hereditary.

scholarly journals The symptom of depression in schizophrenia and its management

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciaran Mulholland ◽  
Stephen Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
The Core ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Reaction ◽  
Depressive Subtypes ◽  
Core Symptoms

Depression is a frequently occurring symptom in schizophrenia. While today it is often underrecognised and under-treated, historically such symptoms were the focus of much attention. Affective symptoms were used by Kraepelin as an important criterion with which to separate dementia praecox from manic–depressive illness. Kraepelin also recognised the importance of depression as a symptom in schizophrenia and identified several depressive subtypes of the illness. Mayer-Gross emphasised the despair that often occurs as a psychological reaction to acute psychotic episodes and Bleuler considered depression to be one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia.

Short-Cycle Manic-Depressive Psychosis in a Mentally Handicapped Child without Family History

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Linter
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Manic Depressive

Diagnosis of classic psychiatric illness in mentally handicapped individuals remains difficult. Manic-depressive illness has previously been reported in both pre-pubertal and pubertal children with a mental handicap and with a family history. This paper reports a case of manic-depressive psychosis in childhood, with no family history, short-cycle mood swings and good response to lithium therapy.

Conditioning and Sensitisation in the Longitudinal Course of Affective Illness

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Post ◽  
David R. Rubinow ◽  
James C. Ballenger
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Behavioural Sensitisation ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Progressive Course

Few biological theories of manic-depressive illness have focused on the longitudinal course of affective dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying its often recurrent and progressive course. The authors discuss two models for the development of progressive behavioural dysfunction—behavioural sensitisation and electrophysiological kindling—as they provide clues to important clinical and biological variables relevant to sensitisation in affective illness. The role of environmental context and conditioning in mediating behavioural and biochemical aspects of this sensitisation is emphasised. The sensitisation models provide a conceptual approach to previously inexplicable clinical phenomena in the longitudinal course of affective illness and may provide a bridge between psychoanalytic/psychosocial and neurobiological formulations of manic-depressive illness.

Transmission of Manic-Depressive Illness

JAMA ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 224 (8) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive
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