Mixed Affective States and the Natural History of Manic-Depressive Psychosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. H. Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
History Of

SummarySince neither the unipolar nor the bipolar theories of manic-depressive psychosis explain all its features, an alternative model was tested. The hypotheses are that mixed affective psychoses represent a superimposition on hypomania of a second type of depression which can sometimes develop from the depressive phase of manic-depressive psychosis, and that schizophrenia occurring in the course of a manic-depressive illness is an alternative to mixed affective psychosis.From an examination of the clinical histories of a random sample of people with bipolar manic-depressive psychosis, evidence was found to support both ideas.

Manic Depressive Illness in Adolescence and Childhood: Review and Case Report

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Coll ◽  
Roger Bland
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Strong Family History ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
French School ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American

The literature on this topic from its inception by Kraepelin is reviewed. While Kraepelin and the French school always recognized juvenile mania, the Anglo-American school has no such unanimity of opinion. Less than 100 cases are described in the world literature. In Canada affective psychoses are rarely diagnosed under age 10 and of all affective psychoses admitted to institutions less than 5% are under age 20. The differences between child and adult mania are outlined. It is proposed that manic-depressive illness occurs in children but is not diagnosed more often because of its dissimilar presentation to the adult form and doubts about its existence in childhood. The case history of a 14 year old boy who presented in a hypomanic state is described. There was a strong family history of affective disorder. Both his parents and his half-sister were already on lithium for manic-depressive illness.

Epidemiology of Puerperal Psychoses

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Kendell ◽  
J. C. Chalmers ◽  
C. Platz
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Computer linkage of an obstetric register and a psychiatric case register made it possible to investigate the temporal relationship between childbirth and psychiatric contact in a population of 470 000 people over a 12-year period resulted in 54 087 births: 120 psychiatric admissions within 90 days of parturition. The ‘relative risk’ of admission to a psychiatric hospital with a psychotic illness was extremely high in the first 30 days after childbirth, particularly in primiparae, suggesting that metabolic factors are involved in the genesis of puerperal psychoses. However, being unmarried, having a first baby, Caesarian section and perinatal death were all associated with an increased risk of psychiatric admission or contact, or both, suggesting that psychological stresses also contribute to this high psychiatric morbidity. Women with a history of manic depressive illness, manic or depressive, had a much higher risk of psychiatric admission in the puerperium than those with a history of schizophrenia or depressive neuroses, and the majority of puerperal admissions met Research Diagnostic Criteria for manic or depressive disorder. Probably, therefore, puerperal psychoses are manic depressive illnesses and unrelated to schizophrenia.

Suicide in Association with Psychiatric Hospitalisation

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Goldney ◽  
Sandro Positano ◽  
Neil D. Spence ◽  
Stephen J. Rosenman
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infrequent Event

A review of 46 subjects who suicided after having contact with a psychiatric hospital is presented. There were 33 men and 11 women, both with a mean age of 37 years. In comparison with a control group, those who suicided had a greater number of hospital admissions, a greater length of hospitalisation, were more often unemployed, had a history of more previous suicide attempts, more often received the diagnosis of schizophrenia or manic depressive illness (depressed phase), were more often overtly depressed at their last contact, and were more often prescribed neuroleptic medications. Although these differences emerged, suicide is an infrequent event, and these factors lack specificity in prediction. The important association of psychiatric illness with subsequent suicide is noted.

Neuropsychological Function in Manic-Depressive Psychosis Evidence for Persistent Deficits in Patients with Chronic, Severe Illness

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. McKay ◽  
A. F. Tarbuck ◽  
J. Shapleske ◽  
P. J. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Young Patients ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation

BackgroundWhile neuropsychological deficits are recognised to occur in manic-depressive psychosis during episodes of depression and to reverse with clinical recovery, it is uncertain whether they can ever be seen outside episodes of illness.MethodForty-five patients meeting DSM–III–R criteria for major depression or bipolar disorder were screened using tests of memory, executive function and overall intellectual function. All testing was carried out during remission of affective symptoms.ResultsNone of 24 young patients and 11 elderly patients scored in the impaired range on any of the tests. However, five of ten patients with chronic, severe affective disorder were impaired on one or more of the measures. On more detailed neuropsychological investigation, these five patients were found to show a variable pattern of impairment, ranging from memory and executive deficits in relative isolation, to widespread poor performance.ConclusionsEnduring neuropsychological deficits may be a feature of chronic, severe manic-depressive illness.

Some cognitive correlates of affective disorders

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Robertson ◽  
Pamela J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Difficulty

SynopsisSeventy-one men completed a battery of cognitive tests which were designed to reflect verbal analytic and non-verbal holistic functioning. Interest centred around pattern of response. Thirty men were suffering from an affective disorder and forty-one were well. All the men were in prison, the majority awaiting trial. The affective disorder group was subdivided into three categories: men who had a history of manic-depressive illness; a group of unipolar, psychotically depressed men; and men who were regarded as being depressed in reaction to circumstances. All three groups showed specific difficulty in dealing with spatial/holistic tasks, other factors being held constant. They were also found to differ in a number of other respects. The possible significance of these differences is discussed.

scholarly journals Understanding of “Feeling” and “Self-Consciousness” on the Border of the XIX–XX Centuries and M. Loewy’s Concept of Depersonalization

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Pyatnitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
The Core ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Process Thinking ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
Mental Acts

The aim was to review the understanding of the phenomena of “feeling” and “self-consciousness” in the concepts of the leading European scientists at the second half of XIX — beginning of the XX centuries.Method: H.R. Lotze, I.M. Sechenov, A. Bain, W. Wundt, G. Stoerring, Th. Lipps, K. Oesterreich, E. Kraepelin and some others are analyzed.Conclusion: while Th. Lipps, H.R. Lotze, W. Wundt and K. Oesterreich were striving for strict differentiation of the notions of “sensations” and “feelings”, A. Bain, I.M. Sechenov, G. Stoerring were not following an effi cient distinction of these phenomena. H.R. Lotze, I.M. Sechenov, A. Bain distinguished in the consciousness and self-consciousness the affective and intellectual components; Th. Lipps considered as the core of self-consciousness the feelings that were very manifold and accompanied different mental acts including the act of perception: “perceptions feeling”. G. Stoerring paid attention to the lack of the feeling of activity by depersonalization, and the Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist M. Loewy elaborated the concept of “ubiquitous” “action feelings” (Actionsgefuehle) that exist outside of “pleasure — displeasure” modality. According to M. Loewy’s concept every mental act is accompanied normally by two “feelings of act”: general and specifi c, in the abnormal case one or both of them may disappear. The clinical description of weakening or loss of the action feelings: impulse feeling, perception feeling of vital sensation, perception feelings of sensations from organs of sense, “feelings of the feeling process”, “thinking feeling”, M. Loewy accomplished by “personalizing” approach to the account of one of his patient, Russian female student. M. Loewy considered the depersonalization disorders in this case as a symbolic neurosis according to S. Freud and as a psychasthenia according to P. Janet. Although E. Kraepelin defi ned selfconsciousness as merely cognitive phenomenon he interpreted depersonalization as a kind of emotional disturbance including the disorders on the level of sensations in the frames of light depressive phase of the manic-depressive illness. The M. Loewy’s concept of the “action feelings” can be applied not only for the understanding of “neurotic” depersonalization but also for depersonalization cases on the ground of depressive and mixed phase affective states.

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