Post-Ictal Psychoses

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Logsdail ◽  
B. K. Toone
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Secondary Generalisation ◽  
State Examination

Post-ictal psychoses have so far received little attention. The clinical details of 14 cases, diagnosed according to newly formulated criteria, were examined. Psychoses were usually precipitated by a run of seizures and occurred after a lucid interval. The seizures were partial complex with secondary generalisation in 11 cases. Catego analysis of the Present State Examination confirmed pleomorphic phenomenology. Follow-up details were available in all cases, for up to eight years. Psychoses tended to recur. Similarities with chronic epileptic psychosis are discussed, and a possible organic aetiology for post-ictal psychosis is proposed.

Hysterectomy and Psychiatric Disorder: I. Levels of Psychiatric Morbidity before and after Hysterectomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gath ◽  
Peter Cooper ◽  
Ann Day
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Examination

SummaryOne hundred and fifty-six women with menorrhagia of benign origin were interviewed before hysterectomy, and re-interviewed six months post-operatively (n = 147), and again 18 months post-operatively (n = 148). Levels of psychiatric morbidity were significantly higher before the operation than after. On the Present State Examination, 58 per cent of patients were psychiatric cases before surgery, as against 29 per cent at the 18-month follow-up. Similar post-operative improvements were found on measures of mood (POMS), and of psychosexual and social functioning. Most of these improvements had occurred within three to six months after the operation. Both before and after hysterectomy, levels of psychiatric morbidity were high by comparison with women in the general population, but lower than in psychiatric patients. The pre-operative psychiatric morbidity had been mainly of long duration.

Seven Year Prognosis in Depression

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis A. O'Leary ◽  
Alan S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Present State ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundThe longer term prognosis of depressed patients treated with ECT is relatively unknown. We describe seven-year mortality and readmission risks for the Nottingham ECT series.MethodCases were defined and subtyped using the Present State Examination (PSE). Follow-up was naturalistic. Death and readmission were ascertained using the Nottingham case register.ResultsThe risk of death was doubled (SMR=1.99, 95% CI = 1.34–2.84, P < 0.001). The seven-year cumulative probability of remaining without readmission was 0.27 (95% CI 0.19–0.35), being 0.79 (0.71–0.87) at 16 weeks (relapse) and 0.34 (0.24–0.44) thereafter (recurrence readmissions). Multiple regression analysis showed that delusions predicted relapse, while endogenous subtype, absence of psychomotor retardation, and previous history predicted recurrence readmissions.ConclusionIndex ECT treatment predicted high longer-term mortality and readmission risks. PSE/CATEGO-based subtyping identified patients most vulnerable to relapse and recurrence.

Psychiatric symptoms in self-poisoning patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. B. Newson-Smith ◽  
S. R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
General Health ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Initial Interview ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisSelf-poisoning patients admitted to hospital were studied for persistence of psychiatric symptoms over a 3-month period and evaluated at 3 points in time with the General Health Questionnaire and the Present State Examination. Symptoms were identified which had a high or low prevalence at 3-month follow-up. GHQ and PSE scores correlated at 0·8. The implications of the study are discussed, particularly the earlier need for out-patient help in those who had a moderate or high number of symptoms at initial interview.

Leicester ECT Trial: Results in Schizophrenia

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brandon ◽  
P. Cowley ◽  
C. Mcdonald ◽  
P. Neville ◽  
R. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Present State ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
State Examination

SummaryAs part of the Leicester electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) study, the role of ECT in schizophrenia was investigated in a double-blind trial. The Present State Examination criteria for schizophrenia were fulfilled by 22 patients, of whom 19 gave consent and entered the trial. Neuroleptic medication was restricted during the trial period. Patients were randomly allocated to eight real ECT or eight simulated ECT. At the end of the four-week trial period, patients receiving real ECT showed a significantly greater improvement when measured on the Montgomery-Asberg Schizophrenia Scale (MASS), the visual analogue global psychopathology scale, and the depression scale. The differences on the MASS and visual analogue global psychopathology scale were not due to improvement in depressive symptoms. The superiority of real ECT was not demonstrated at the 12- and 28- week follow-up, when treatment was not controlled.

Long-term trajectories of decline in cognition and daily functioning before and after stroke

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2021-326043
Author(s):  
Alis Heshmatollah ◽  
Lisanne J. Dommershuijsen ◽  
Lana Fani ◽  
Peter J. Koudstaal ◽  
M. Arfan Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Examination

ObjectiveAlthough knowledge on poststroke cognitive and functional decline is increasing, little is known about the possible decline of these functions before stroke. We determined the long-term trajectories of cognition and daily functioning before and after stroke.MethodsBetween 1990 and 2016, we repeatedly assessed cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 15-Word Learning, Letter–Digit Substitution, Stroop, Verbal Fluency, Purdue Pegboard) and basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL) in 14 712 participants within the population-based Rotterdam Study. Incident stroke was assessed through continuous monitoring of medical records until 2018. We matched participants with incident stroke to stroke-free participants (1:3) based on sex and birth year. Trajectories of cognition and daily functioning of patients who had a stroke 10 years before and 10 years after stroke and the corresponding trajectories of stroke-free individuals were constructed using adjusted linear mixed effects models.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 12.5±6.8 years, a total of 1662 participants suffered a first-ever stroke. Patients who had a stroke deviated from stroke-free controls up to 10 years before stroke diagnosis in cognition and daily functioning. Significant deviations before stroke were seen in scores of MMSE (6.4 years), Stroop (5.7 years), Purdue Pegboard (3.8 years) and BADL and IADL (2.2 and 3.0 years, respectively).ConclusionPatients who had a stroke have steeper declines in cognition and daily functioning up to 10 years before their first-ever stroke compared with stroke-free individuals. Our findings suggest that accumulating intracerebral pathology already has a clinical impact before stroke.

scholarly journals Assessing the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease in Real-World Settings in Three European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 749-759
Author(s):  
Albert Lladó ◽  
Lutz Froelich ◽  
Rezaul K. Khandker ◽  
Montserrat Roset ◽  
Christopher M. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Study Inclusion

Background: There exists considerable variation in disease progression rates among patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The primary objective of this observational study is to assess the progression of AD by characterizing cognitive, functional, and behavioral changes during the follow-up period between 6 and 24 months. Methods: A longitudinal prospective study with community-dwelling patients with an established clinical diagnosis of AD of mild to moderate severity was conducted in Germany, Spain and the UK. A sample of 616 patients from 69 sites was included. Results: Patients had a mean of 1.9 years (SD = 1.9) since AD diagnosis at study inclusion. Cognitive symptoms were reported to have first occurred a mean of 1.1 years (SD = 1.7) prior to AD diagnosis and 1.4 (SD = 1.8) years prior to AD treatment. Patients initially diagnosed with mild and moderate AD spent a median (95%CI) of 3.7 (2.8; 4.4) and 11.1 (6.1, ‘not reached’) years until progression to moderate and severe AD, respectively, according to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. A mixed model developed for cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric scores, obtained from study patients at baseline and during follow-up period, showed progressive deterioration of AD patients over time. Conclusion: The study showed a deterioration of cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric functions during the follow-up period. Cognitive deterioration was slightly faster in patients with moderate AD compared to mild AD. The duration of moderate AD can be overestimated due to the use of retrospective data, lack of availability of MMSE scores in clinical charts and exclusion of patients at time of institutionalization.

Can the rate of mortality and neurological recovery be predicted from the time of onset of symptoms and MRI grade in patients with cerebral fat embolism?

2022 ◽  
Vol 104-B (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
B. Roy W. Armstrong ◽  
Agraharam Devendra ◽  
Shweta Pokale ◽  
Bala Subramani ◽  
Velmurugan Rajesh Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Fat Embolism ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Embolism Syndrome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cerebral Fat Embolism Syndrome ◽  
Late Recovery ◽  
State Examination

Aims The aim of this study was to assess whether it is possible to predict the mortality, and the extent and time of neurological recovery from the time of the onset of symptoms and MRI grade, in patients with the cerebral fat embolism syndrome (CFES). This has not previously been investigated. Methods The study included 34 patients who were diagnosed with CFES following trauma between 2012 and 2018. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed and the severity graded by MRI. We investigated the rate of mortality, the time and extent of neurological recovery, the time between the injury and the onset of symptoms, the clinical severity of the condition, and the MRI grade. All patients were male with a mean age of 29.7 years (18 to 70). The mean follow-up was 4.15 years (2 to 8), with neurological recovery being assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results In all, seven who had early-onset CFES (< 24 hours), and a severe Takahashi grade on MRI, died. There was a significant association between the time of onset of neurological signs and mortality (p = 0.035). Mortality was also significantly associated with a severe Takahashi grade (p < 0.001). Among the 27 surviving patients, 26 (96.3%) recovered completely. One (3.7%) had a cognitive deficit. The mean time to recovery was 4.7 weeks (2 to 13), with late recovery aftereight eight weeks being recorded in three patients. Conclusion There was a significantly increased rate of mortality in patients with CFES who had an early onset of symptoms and a severe grade on MRI. Complete neurological recovery can be expected in most patients with CFES who survive. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):142–149.

Cognitive and Functional Outcomes of Early Versus Delayed Cranioplasty after Decompressive Craniectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 029-035
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Biswaranjan Nayak ◽  
Krishnamurthy B. H ◽  
Sushant Patro ◽  
Abhijeet C. R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Early Cranioplasty ◽  
State Examination

Abstract Introduction Delay in doing cranioplasty (CP) after decompressive craniectomy (DC) may cause motor, cognitive, and language deficits. Studies show doing CP before developing such symptoms helps in improving the outcome. CP improves cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and cerebral blood flow, which may lead to better cognitive and functional outcome. Objective The aim of the study was to assess cognitive and functional outcomes of early versus delayed cranioplasty (DCP) after DC. Methodology This was a prospective observational study on 42 patients aged over 16 years and up to 70 years, who had undergone CP after DC for severe traumatic brain injury in in-patient and outpatient department of neurosurgery at a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India from the period of March 01, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Cognitive and functional outcomes were compared in early and DCP groups in preoperative and follow-up period at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Early cranioplasty (ECP) was within 2 months, and DCP was beyond 2 months. Results Total sample size under this study was 42; 21 in ECP and 21 in DCP group. Mean age was 41.40 ± 15.95 years. The age distribution was quite young with 38.1% in 30 to 49 age group and had very high proportion of males (85.7%). This analysis revealed that both the ECP and DCP groups have resulted in significant improvement in mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) score after CP. But in the ECP group, there has been steady and significant improvement in MMSE and GOSE score at different follow-ups starting from postoperative 1 month in MMSE score and from 3 months up to 6 months in GOSE score. Conclusion Neurosurgeon should evaluate and carefully monitor each individual case and take up CP as early as possible with suitable indication.

scholarly journals Predictors of 10-year mortality in a population of community-dwelling Brazilian elderly: the Bambuí cohort study of aging

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s360-s369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
Sergio Viana Peixoto ◽  
Divane L. Matos ◽  
Josélia O. A. Firmo ◽  
Elizabeth Uchôa
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Disadvantaged Population ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Cruzi Infection

We used data on 1,399 participants aged 60 and over from the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging to examine predictors of mortality in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population. From 1997 to 2007, 599 participants died and 6.2% were lost to follow-up, leading to 12,415 person-years (pyrs) of observation. The death rate was 48.3 per 1,000 pyrs. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40), male gender (HR = 1.80), never married (HR = 1.78) or a widow (HR = 1.26), poor self-rated health (HR = 1.31), inability to perform four or more activities of daily living (HR = 3.29), number of cardiovascular risk factors (HR = 1.51 for two and HR = 1.91 for three or more), Trypanosoma cruzi infection (HR = 1.27), and number of medications (HR = 1.06) were each significantly (p < 0.05) and independently associated with mortality. The Mini-Mental State Examination score showed a protective effect (HR = 0.96). Except T. cruzi infection, other predictors of mortality were highly consistent with those found in more affluent elderly populations.

British Phenomenological and Psychopathological Concepts: A Comparative Review

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Berner ◽  
Bernd Küfferle
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
American Schools ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

For a foreign observer who has been trained in German and French psychopathology, British psychiatry is very attractive at first glance for a number of reasons. Its eclectic and principally non-theoretical approach (Cooper, 1975), characterized by an open acceptance of foreign concepts and by the tendency to question traditional structures and hypotheses and to test them by means of statistical methods, appears most impressive. The substantial contribution British authors have made toward the development of structured tools in psychopathology, like for instance the Present State Examination or the Hamilton Rating Scale in order to facilitate such a statistical evaluation, which reflects clearly the inheritance of Sir Francis Galton, is also a cause of sincere admiration. The European observer realizes furthermore that the British approach is rooted mainly in continental, especially in German, clinical psychiatry, and is not as heavily influenced by psychodynamic theories as, for instance, the American schools were, at least until recently. This provides him with a comfortable feeling of familiarity and he is not inclined to question certain British tenets until his involvement progresses and he becomes aware of the comparative lack of attention paid by British schools to some of the fundamentals of continental psychopathology.

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