Seven Year Prognosis in Depression

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis A. O'Leary ◽  
Alan S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Present State ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundThe longer term prognosis of depressed patients treated with ECT is relatively unknown. We describe seven-year mortality and readmission risks for the Nottingham ECT series.MethodCases were defined and subtyped using the Present State Examination (PSE). Follow-up was naturalistic. Death and readmission were ascertained using the Nottingham case register.ResultsThe risk of death was doubled (SMR=1.99, 95% CI = 1.34–2.84, P < 0.001). The seven-year cumulative probability of remaining without readmission was 0.27 (95% CI 0.19–0.35), being 0.79 (0.71–0.87) at 16 weeks (relapse) and 0.34 (0.24–0.44) thereafter (recurrence readmissions). Multiple regression analysis showed that delusions predicted relapse, while endogenous subtype, absence of psychomotor retardation, and previous history predicted recurrence readmissions.ConclusionIndex ECT treatment predicted high longer-term mortality and readmission risks. PSE/CATEGO-based subtyping identified patients most vulnerable to relapse and recurrence.

Social experiences in childhood and adult psychiatric morbidity: a multiple regression analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Tennant ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Jane Hurry
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisThe effect of childhood experiences on adult psychiatric morbidity was examined in a community psychiatric survey. The Present State Examination was used to assess psychiatric morbidity. Childhood experiences assessed included childhood demographic factors and ‘loss and deprivation’ variables. The latter group comprised maternal and paternal deaths and separations and other disruptions in parental care. ‘Loss and deprivation’ in combination accounted for between 4·5 and 5·5% of the variance in adult psychiatric morbidity

Hysterectomy and Psychiatric Disorder: I. Levels of Psychiatric Morbidity before and after Hysterectomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gath ◽  
Peter Cooper ◽  
Ann Day
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Examination

SummaryOne hundred and fifty-six women with menorrhagia of benign origin were interviewed before hysterectomy, and re-interviewed six months post-operatively (n = 147), and again 18 months post-operatively (n = 148). Levels of psychiatric morbidity were significantly higher before the operation than after. On the Present State Examination, 58 per cent of patients were psychiatric cases before surgery, as against 29 per cent at the 18-month follow-up. Similar post-operative improvements were found on measures of mood (POMS), and of psychosexual and social functioning. Most of these improvements had occurred within three to six months after the operation. Both before and after hysterectomy, levels of psychiatric morbidity were high by comparison with women in the general population, but lower than in psychiatric patients. The pre-operative psychiatric morbidity had been mainly of long duration.

scholarly journals A Brief Scale for Predicting Rehospitalization of Former Psychiatric Patients

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Willer ◽  
H. Miller Gary
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Community Adjustment ◽  
Community Tenure

Community adjustment of former psychiatric patients has been found to relate highly to the likelihood of rehospitalization and community tenure. The present study examined the ability of a community adjustment scale and various other patient characteristics to predict rehospitalization. Multiple regression analysis using rehospitalization as the dependent variable identified thirteen items including twelve from the community adjustment scale, which combined to provide a highly accurate prediction. The brief scale (13 items) which is now being cross-validated is potentially a useful tool for clinical evaluation and planning of follow-up services to former patients.

scholarly journals Can a simple measure of vigorous physical activity predict future mortality? Results from the OXCHECK study

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvyn Hillsdon ◽  
Margaret Thorogood ◽  
Mike Murphy ◽  
Lesley Jones
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

AbstractBackground:As epidemiological studies have become more complex, demands for short, easily administered measures of risk factors have increased. This study investigates whether such a measure of physical activity is associated with the risk of death from all causes and death from specific causes.Methods:A prospective follow-up study of 11 090 men and women, aged 35–64 years, recruited from five UK general practices who responded to a postal questionnaire in 1989. Self-reported frequency of vigorous-intensity physical activity and data on confounding factors were collected at baseline survey. Death notifications up to 31 December 2001 were provided by the Office for National Statistics. The relative risk (and 95% confidence interval) of dying associated with each level of exposure to physical activity was estimated by the hazard ratio in a series of Cox regression models.Results:After > 10 years' follow-up there were 825 deaths among the 10 522 subjects with no previous history of angina or myocardial infarction. Participation in vigorous exercise was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality. Similar associations were found for ischaemic heart disease and cancer mortality, although the relationships were not significant at the 5% level.Conclusions:Simple measures of self-reported vigorous physical activity are associated with the risk of future mortality, at least all-cause mortality in a somewhat selected group. Interpretation of the finding should be treated with caution due to the reliance on self-report and the possibility that residual confounding may underlie the associations. Because moderate-intensity physical activity is also beneficial to health, short physical activity questionnaires should include measures of such physical activity in the future.

scholarly journals Temporal changes in emotional intelligence (EI) among medical undergraduates: a 5-year follow up study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanga Ranasinghe ◽  
Vidarsha Senadeera ◽  
Nishadi Gamage ◽  
Miyuru Ferrari Weerarathna ◽  
Gominda Ponnamperuma
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
Medical Undergraduates

Abstract Background Emotional intelligence (EI) is thought to play a significant role in professional and academic success. EI is important for medical personnel to cope with highly stressful circumstances during clinical and academic settings. The present prospective follow-up study intends to evaluate the changes in EI and their correlates among medical undergraduates over a five-year period. Methods Data were collected in 2015 and 2020 at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. EI was assessed using the validated 33-item self-assessment tool, Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT). In addition, socio-demographic details, students’ involvement in extracurricular-activities during undergraduate life, students’ satisfaction regarding the choice of studying medicine and plans to do postgraduate studies were also evaluated. A multiple-regression analysis was conducted among all students using percentage change in EI score as the continuous dependent variable, together with other independent variables (plan to do postgraduate studies, satisfaction in choice of medicine and extracurricular-activities). Results Sample size was 170 (response rates–96.6%), with 41.2% males (n = 70). Mean EI scores at baseline among all students was 122.7 ± 11.6, and it had significantly increased at follow-up to 128.9 ± 11.2 (p <  0.001). This significant increase was independently observed in both males (122.1 ± 12.2 vs. 130.0 ± 12.4, p <  0.001) and females (123.1 ± 11.1 vs. 128.2 ± 10.3, p = 0.001). During follow-up, an increase in EI score was observed in students of all religions and ethnicities. Mean EI score also increased in all categories of monthly income, irrespective of the employment status or attainment of higher education of either parent. An increase in mean EI score during follow-up was observed in students irrespective of their engagement in or number of extracurricular-activities, they were involved. In the multiple regression analysis, being satisfied regarding their choice of the medical undergraduate programme (OR:11.75, p = 0.001) was the only significant factor associated with the percentage change in EI score. Conclusion EI in this group significantly improved over 5-years of follow-up and was independent of gender, religion, ethnicity, socio-economic parameters and academic performance. Satisfaction in the chosen field was a significant predictor of the overall change in EI. Future studies are  needed to identify and measure factors responsible for improvement in EI among medical undergraduates.

scholarly journals Predictors of cerebrovascular event reoccurrence in patients with depression: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e031927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wa Cai ◽  
Christoph Mueller ◽  
Hitesh Shetty ◽  
Gayan Perera ◽  
Robert Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cerebrovascular Event ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
History Of

ObjectivesTo identify predictors of recurrent cerebrovascular morbidity in a cohort of patients with depression and a cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) history.MethodsWe used the Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre Case Register to identify patients aged 50 years or older with a diagnosis of depressive disorder between 2008 and 2017 and a previous history of hospitalised CBVD. Using depression diagnosis as the index date we followed patients until first hospitalised CBVD recurrence or death due to CBVD. Sociodemographic data, symptom and functioning scores of Health of the Nation Outcome Scales, medications and comorbidities were extracted and modelled in multivariate survival analyses to identify predictors of CBVD reoccurrence.ResultsOf 1292 patients with depression and CBVD (mean age 75.6 years; 56.6% female), 264 (20.4%) experienced fatal/non-fatal CBVD recurrence during a median follow-up duration of 1.66 years. In multivariate Cox regression models, a higher risk of CBVD recurrence was predicted by older age (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04) (p=0.002), physical health problems (moderate to severe HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.45 to 4.19) (p=0.001), anticoagulant (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.93) (p=0.041) and antipsychotic medication (HR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.99) (p=0.047). Neither depression severity, mental health symptoms, functional status, nor antidepressant prescribing were significantly associated with CBVD recurrence.ConclusionsApproximately one in five patients with depression and CBVD experienced a CBVD recurrence over a median follow-up time of 20 months. Risk of CBVD recurrence was largely dependent on age and physical health rather than on severity of depressive symptoms, co-morbid mental health or functional problems, or psychotropic prescribing.

scholarly journals Survival of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Central China: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjie Wang ◽  
Meilan Zhou ◽  
Zi Chen ◽  
Cong Chen ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Central China ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term survival and risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patient survival in Central China. Between December 2006 and June 2011, incident and retreatment adult MDR-TB patients were enrolled in the present study. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors affecting survival. The total follow-up period was 270 person-years (PY) for 356 MDR-TB cases in Wuhan. Of the 356 cases, 103 patients died, yielding an average case fatality rate of 381.2 per 1000 TB patients per year. Using adjusted Cox regression analysis, older age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) >3.0 starting from 30 years) and low education level (primary and middle school; aHR 1.67 (95% CI 1.01–2.77)) were independently associated with lower survival. Diabetes mellitus profoundly affected the survival of MDR-TB patients (aHR 1.95 (95% CI 1.30–2.93)). Our data demonstrate that coexistent diabetes significantly and negatively impacted MDR-TB patient survival. In addition, MDR-TB patients aged 60 years or older exhibited a greater risk of mortality during follow-up. Our findings emphasise that MDR-TB patients with comorbidities that increase their risk of death require additional medical interventions to reduce mortality.

A longitudinal study of the neuropsychiatric consequences of HIV-1 infection in gay men. II Psychological and health status at baseline and at 12-month follow-up

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pugh ◽  
M. Riccio ◽  
D. Jadresic ◽  
A. P. Burgess ◽  
T. Baldeweg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Symptom Reporting ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
Hiv Test

SynopsisThe aim of this study was to determine whether HIV infection is associated with increased psychosocial distress in the asymptomatic and early symptomatic stages of disease and to determine the factors associated with reporting health symptoms. Subjects included 61 gay men (41 HIV −, 20 HIV +) who were assessed at the time of requesting their first HIV test and again 12 months later. Measures included a detailed standardized psychiatric interview (Present State Examination, PSE), a range of psychosocial self-report measures and a physical symptom checklist. There were no differences between the HIV + and HIV − groups in terms of self-reported symptoms. Multiple regression analysis showed that the symptom reporting was not associated with clinical or immunological markers of disease progression but was associated with measures of psychosocial distress. Although both groups showed elevated levels of psychosocial distress at the time of HIV testing, there were no differences between serostatus groups at follow-up. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the best predictors of PSE scores at follow-up were baseline PSE score and a history of psychiatric illness. Early HIV disease is not associated with increased psychosocial distress and symptom reporting is more closely related to psychological measures than to clinical or immunological markers of disease.

scholarly journals Nephrology Provider Surprise Question Response and Hospitalizations in Older Adults with Advanced CKD

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 641-649
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Ramer ◽  
Nicolas A. Baddour ◽  
Edward D. Siew ◽  
Huzaifah Salat ◽  
Aihua Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Office Visit ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Preventable Hospitalizations ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Study Staff ◽  
Ordinal Regression Model ◽  
Likert Scale Response ◽  
Surprise Question

Background: Older adults with advanced non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD) face a high risk of hospitalization and related adverse events. Methods: This prospective cohort study followed nephrology clinic patients ≥60 years old with NDD-CKD stages 4-5. After an eligible patient’s office visit, study staff asked the patient’s provider to rate the patient’s risk of death within the next year using the surprise question (“Would you be surprised if this patient died in the next 12 months?”) with a 5-point Likert scale response (1, “definitely not surprised” to 5, “very surprised”). We used a statewide database to ascertain hospitalization during follow-up. Results: There were 488 patients (median age 72 years, 51% female, 17% black) with median estimated glomerular filtration rate 22 mL/min/1.73 m2. Over a median follow-up of 2.1 years, the rates of hospitalization per 100 person-years in the respective response groups were 41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34–50), “very surprised”; 65 (95% CI: 55–76), “surprised”; 98 (95% CI: 85–113), “neutral”; 125 (95% CI: 107–144), “not surprised”; and 120 (95% CI: 94–151), “definitely not surprised.” In a fully adjusted cumulative probability ordinal regression model for proportion of follow-up time spent hospitalized, patients whose providers indicated that they would be “definitely not surprised” if they died spent a greater proportion of follow-up time hospitalized compared with those whose providers indicated that they would be “very surprised” (odds ratio 2.4, 95% CI: 1.0–5.7). There was a similar association for time to first hospitalization. Conclusion: Nephrology providers’ responses to the surprise question for older patients with advanced NDD-CKD were independently associated with proportion of future time spent hospitalized and time to first hospitalization. Additional studies should examine how to use this information to provide patients with anticipatory guidance on their possible clinical trajectory and to target potentially preventable hospitalizations.

scholarly journals Acute kidney injury in children with chronic kidney disease is associated with faster decline in kidney function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Melhem ◽  
Pernille Rasmussen ◽  
Triona Joyce ◽  
Joanna Clothier ◽  
Christopher J. D. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
End Point ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the association of acute kidney injury (AKI) with change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in children with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Single centre, retrospective longitudinal study including all prevalent children aged 1–18 years with nondialysis CKD stages 3–5. Variables associated with CKD were analysed for their potential effect on annualised eGFR change (ΔGFR/year) following multiple regression analysis. Composite end-point including 25% reduction in eGFR or progression to kidney replacement therapy was evaluated. Results Of 147 children, 116 had at least 1-year follow-up in a dedicated CKD clinic with mean age 7.3 ± 4.9 years with 91 (78.4%) and 77 (66.4%) with 2- and 3-year follow-up respectively. Mean eGFR at baseline was 29.8 ± 11.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 with 79 (68%) boys and 82 (71%) with congenital abnormalities of kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT). Thirty-nine (33.6%) had at least one episode of AKI. Mean ΔGFR/year for all patients was − 1.08 ± 5.64 ml/min/1.73 m2 but reduced significantly from 2.03 ± 5.82 to − 3.99 ± 5.78 ml/min/1.73 m2 from youngest to oldest age tertiles (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in primary kidney disease (PKD) (77% versus 59%, with CAKUT, P = 0.048) but no difference in AKI incidence (37% versus 31%, P = 0.85) between age tertiles. Multiple regression analysis identified age (β = − 0.53, P < 0.001) and AKI (β = − 3.2, P = 0.001) as independent predictors of ΔGFR/year. 48.7% versus 22.1% with and without AKI reached composite end-point (P = 0.01). Conclusions We report AKI in established CKD as a predictor of accelerated kidney disease progression and highlight this as an additional modifiable risk factor to reduce progression of kidney dysfunction. Graphical abstract

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