Controlled Studies of the Acute Antidepressant Effects of Lithium

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Worrall ◽  
J. P. Moody ◽  
M. Peet ◽  
P. Dick ◽  
A. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Antidepressant Effects

SummaryIn two randomized double-blind controlled trials on 63 depressed female in-patients subject to recurrent affective disorder (bipolar and unipolar manic-depressive psychosis) lithium was shown to have major acute antidepressant effects. At the end of three weeks lithium produced more uniform improvement than did imipramine; lithium in combination with tryptophan (in the form of Optimax) was superior to tryptophan alone—the latter drug having no discernible antidepressant activity in this group of patients.Lithium did not produce an antidepressant effect until the second and third week of both trials.

Effects of Methylphenidate in HIV-Related Depression: A Comparative Trial with Desipramine

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernandez ◽  
Joel K. Levy ◽  
H. Russell Samley ◽  
Francis J. Pirozzolo ◽  
David Lachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
The Mean

This report is a randomized, double-blind, comparative trial of desipramine with the psychomotor stimulant methylphenidate. Twenty HIV antibody-positive patients with depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to either drug. After individual dose titration, the mean daily dose of desipramine was 150 mg. and methylphenidate 30 mg. daily. The differences in responses between desipramine and methylphenidate were not statistically significant on various measures of depression. The antidepressant effect of methylphenidate did not occur any faster than that of desipramine. Both significantly reduced depressive and anxious symptomatology over the blinded portion of the treatments. Thus, methylphenidate relieves depressive symptomatology with efficacy similar to that of desipramine, offering an alternative to patients who are unable to tolerate standard tricyclic antidepressant therapy. The dopaminergic effects of methylphenidate are likely to mediate its antidepressant effects.

Family Psychiatric Morbidity, Parental Deprivation and Socio-Economic Status in Cases of Mania

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Manic Patients

Manic-depressive psychosis is considered to comprise two different clinical entities, bipolar and monopolar. This dichotomy is based mainly on Western clinical material. The present study aimed at eliciting any differences that might exist between monopolar and bipolar manic patients in respect of three factors: (i) occurrence of psychiatric illness in first degree relatives; (ii) parental death before the patient's 15th birthday; and (iii) socio-economic status of the patient. Venkoba Rao (1973) studied the differences between monopolar and bipolar endogenous depressives on three factors: occurrence of affective disorder (including suicide) in first degree relatives; parental loss before the patient's 12th birthday, and the extent of ‘jointness' of the patient's family.

Depression and Mania Associated with Kleine-Levin-Critchley Syndrome

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Joel Jeffries ◽  
Arlette Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Functional Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
The World ◽  
Male Female Ratio

This is the fortieth reported case of K-L-C syndrome in the world and the second case reported in Canada. A study of this particular case, together with a review of the literature, is presented to clarify the phenomenology of this syndrome. Three aspects are emphasized: a) The presence of this syndrome in women is confirmed although the male-female ratio is 9:1. b) Rather than occurring in schizoid persons, as previously suggested, the syndrome is in fact an affective disorder which is closely related to manic-depressive psychosis, which may also have periods of delirium or pre-delirium associated with the hypersomnia spells. c) The occasional temporal association of a disorder of sleeping and eating, with menstruation and often accompanied by evidence of organicity, suggests a diencephalic problem. The further association of this disorder with affective changes suggests that manic-depressive psychosis should be considered as a possible disease of the diencephalon, rather than as a ‘functional’ psychosis with diencephalic signs.

Antidepressants in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherry W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Analgesic Action ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndromes

Antidepressants have been successfully used for chronic pain syndromes for approximately 30 years. One theory is that analgesic action is secondary to the antidepressant effects of the medications. Placebo-controlled trials have documented that antidepressants treat neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain, chronic pain, and cancer pain. The most frequently studied antidepressant for pain is amitriptyline. Other antidepressants that have shown analgesic activity include imipramine, citalopram, paroxetine, nortriptyline, desipramine, and mianserin. Fluoxetine and trazodone have not been shown to successfully treat pain syndromes. Venlafaxine, a new antidepressant, most recently was shown to have antidepressant activity in fibromyalgia. More studies need to be done with newer antidepressants to confirm their place in treating pain syndromes.

The therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid and EDTA in manic-depressive psychosis: double-blind comparisons with standard treatments

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. G. Kay ◽  
G. J. Naylor ◽  
A. H. W. Smith ◽  
C. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manic Patients

SynopsisThe effect of ascorbic acid and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis was compared, using double-blind procedures, with recognized treatment regimes. There was no significant difference between the response of depressed patients to amitriptyline or ascorbic acid and EDTA. Manic patients responded significantly better to lithium than to ascorbic acid and EDTA. These results are in keeping with the suggestion that vanadium may be of aetiological importance in depressive psychosis, but do not support such a suggestion for mania.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF INVOLVEMENT OF NEURO-CHEMICAL MECHANISM IN VALERIANA WALLICHII INDUCED ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT IN MICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
HARSAHAY MEENA ◽  
V. K. JOSHI ◽  
MADHU BALA
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Antidepressant Effects

Objective: Valeriana (V) wallichii DC is found among the ground flora of Himalayan regions and used as herbal medicine for CNS disorders in Indian systems of medicine. In the study, aimed to investigation of involvement of neuro-chemical-systems in V. wallichii induced antidepressant effects in mice. Methods: The antidepressant activity of aqueous alcoholic extracts of V. wallichii was measured by using Forced Swim Test and Tail Suspension Test in mice, whereas locomotor activity was observed by Actophotometer. Involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors in V. wallichii induced antidepressant effects in mice were also observed. Results: Sub-acute administration of V. wallichii in mice showed significant (P<0.05) increase in the antidepressant activity similar to the Imipramine, but did not show at lower doses in FST. Whereas, pretreatment of adrenergic receptor antagonist, dopaminergic receptor antagonist and serotonin synthesis inhibitor prevented V. wallichii induce anti-depressant effect in mice. Lower doses of hydoalcoholic extract of V. wallichii did not interfering the locomotor activity in mice during the sub-acute administration, but at a higher dose significantly (P<0.05) decreases the locomotor activity. Conclusion: Hence, it is concluded that the antidepressant effect of V. wallichii in mice may mediate via adrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems.

Comparison of the Prophylactic Action of Flupenthixol with Placebo in Lithium Treated Manic-Depressive Patients

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Esparon ◽  
J. Kolloori ◽  
G. J. Naylor ◽  
A. M. McHarg ◽  
A. H. W. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prophylactic Effect ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Depressive Patients

A double-blind cross-over trial of depot flupenthixol in recurrent manic depressive psychosis was carried out. Ail patients continued on lithium. Eleven patients completed the two-year trial. Flupenthixol appeared to have no prophylactic effect.

Why do stimulants not work in typical depression?

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hegerl ◽  
Tilman Hensch
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Atypical Depression ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor ◽  
Regulation Model

Stimulants have been suggested as therapeutics in depression for 80 years now, but there is still no evidence from randomized controlled trials that stimulants, in general, possess specific antidepressant effects. Also, several recent large randomized controlled trials which tried to establish an indication for stimulants as add-on in depression failed, and the companies no longer proceed with regulatory filings. One reason why the common belief of an antidepressant effect has survived over decades is a lack of clarity in psychopathology. Tiredness in the sense of sleepiness (downregulation of arousal) and lack of drive are mixed up with tiredness in the sense of exhaustion with high inner tension (upregulation of arousal) and inhibition of drive. The latter is found in typical depression, and according to the recently introduced arousal regulation model of affective disorders, upregulation of arousal is considered to be an important pathogenetic factor. Psychostimulants are unlikely to have beneficial effects in those patients with upregulated arousal. However, there might be subgroups of depressed patients, such as atypical depression, which suffer from sleepiness and lack of drive and might respond to stimulants. Arousal, a dimension included in the Research Domain Criteria project of the National Institute of Mental Health, can be assessed with an electroencephalography-based algorithm (the Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig) and is a promising biomarker to identify subgroups of patients, which might respond to stimulants.

scholarly journals The antidepressant effects of α-lipoic acid and reamberin in murine alloxan diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
I A Volchegorskiy ◽  
L M Rassokhina ◽  
I Y Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Alloxan Diabetes ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Blood Content ◽  
Diabetes In Mice ◽  
Antidepressant Effects

The development of alloxan diabetes in mice is followed by a longer duration of despair behavior, homologous depression in man and a concomitant decrease in the activity of animals in the open field. The 2-week course of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) and reamberin in the doses equivalent to the human therapeutic range exerts an antidepressant activity, as appeared by a reduction in despair behavior and activation of sick mice in the open field. The antidepressant effect of 2-week use of α-LA and reamberin is associated with diminished hyperglycemia. Unlike α-LA, reamberin lowers the blood content of glucose in mice with alloxan diabetes, reduces their mortality, and corrects behavioral disorders in the open field even when relatively low doses are singly administered.

scholarly journals Treatment of seasonal affective disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Reversible Inhibitor ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subform of major depressive disorder, recurrent, or bipolar disorder with a regular onset of depressive episodes at a certain time of year, usually the winter. The treatment of SAD is similar to that of other forms of affective disorder, except that bright light therapy is recommended as the first-line option. Light therapy conventionally involves exposure to visible light of at least 2500 lux intensity at eye level. The effects of light therapy are thought to be mediated exclusively by the eyes, not the skin, although this assumption has not yet been verified. Morning light therapy has proven to be superior to treatment regimens in the evening. Response rates to light therapy are about 80% in selected patient populations, with atypical depressive symptoms being the best predictor of a favorable treatment outcome. Data from randomized, controlled trials suggest that antidepressants are effective in the treatment of SAD. Three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted showing promising results for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) sertraline and fluoxetine, as well as for moclobemide, a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.

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