Season of Birth Among the Sibs of Schizophrenics

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Buck ◽  
Helen Simpson
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SummaryThe season of birth distribution of 1,039 sibs of Canadian schizophrenic patients was compared with that of births in the Canadian general population over the same time period. The excess of winter births observed among the schizophrenics was not found among their sibs.

Mental Disorder and Season of Birth: Comparison of Psychoses with Neurosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (522) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Hare ◽  
J. S. Price
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Seasonal Influence ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Single Exception ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
Depressive Patients

Barry and Barry (1961, 1964) have reviewed the evidence for an association between season of birth and the major psychoses. Their figures show that, with a single exception, every study has found an excess (though not always a significant excess) of schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients born between January and April, and a deficit born between May and August, compared with the control populations. The single exception was their own study (1964) on schizophrenic patients in private mental hospitals, a finding which led them to conclude either that the private class of patient is protected from some adverse seasonal influence or that schizophrenic patients come chiefly from a subgroup of the population which has a comparatively high birth rate during the first four months of the year. Norris and Chowning (1962) drew attention to the fact that the seasonal distribution of births in a general population may vary appreciably from year to year in a particular country and from place to place within that country in any one year, and suggested that such variations make difficult any comparison between births of patients and of a large general population taken over a number of years, the procedure which had hitherto been adopted.

Season of Birth in the Population of Norway, with Particular Reference to the September Birth Maximum

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ørnulv ØDegård
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Birth Peak ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Births

The monthly number of births in Norway fluctuates between a maximum in January–May and a minimum in October–December. This cyclic seasonality is assumed to be of biological origin, but indirectly it is influenced by social factors and consequently tends to vary a great deal. There is a secondary birth maximum in September, corresponding to a peak of conceptions during the traditional festivities around Christmas and New Year. It is shown that this maximum is much less variable within the country studied, though it probably varies from one country to another in relation to the impact of the mid-winter traditions.The January–May birth maximum is known to be higher in schizophrenia than in the general population, while no such difference is observed in Norway for the September birth peak. It is felt that there is a fundamental difference between the two birth maxima and a corresponding difference between schizophrenic patients and the general population. Minimal paranatal brain damage of seasonal origin is suggested as an explanation.

scholarly journals Comorbid disease burden among MS patients 1968–2012: A Swedish register–based cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852091049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsi A Smith ◽  
Sarah Burkill ◽  
Ayako Hiyoshi ◽  
Tomas Olsson ◽  
Shahram Bahmanyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Comorbid Disease ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Cardiovascular Depression ◽  
Prevalence Prevalence ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have increased comorbid disease (CMD) risk. Most previous studies have not considered overall CMD burden. Objective: To describe lifetime CMD burden among pwMS. Methods: PwMS identified using Swedish registers between 1968 and 2012 ( n = 25,476) were matched by sex, age, and county of residence with general-population comparators ( n = 251,170). Prevalence, prevalence ratios (PRs), survival functions, and hazard ratios by MS status, age, and time period compared seven CMD: autoimmune, cardiovascular, depression, diabetes, respiratory, renal, and seizures. Results: The magnitude of the PRs for each CMD and age group decreased across time, with higher PRs in earlier time periods. Before 1990, younger age groups had higher PRs, and after 1990, older age groups had higher PRs. Male pwMS had higher burden compared with females. Overall, renal, respiratory, and seizures had the highest PRs. Before 2001, 50% of pwMS received a first/additional CMD diagnosis 20 years prior to people without MS, which reduced to 4 years after 2001. PwMS had four times higher rates of first/additional diagnoses in earlier time periods, which reduced to less than two times higher in recent time periods compared to people without MS. Conclusion: Swedish pwMS have increased CMD burden compared with the general population, but this has reduced over time.

Season of birth and population schizotypy: Results from a large sample of the adult general population

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Konrath ◽  
Danièle Beckius ◽  
Ulrich S. Tran
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Large Sample

Month of Birth and Schizophrenia in Korea

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul-Eung Kim ◽  
Young-Sook Lee ◽  
Young-Hee Lim ◽  
In-Young Noh ◽  
S. H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Age And Sex

This study investigates whether there is any difference in the month of birth between people with schizophrenia and controls in Korea. When 1606 patients with schizophrenia were compared with 4582 age- and sex-matched controls, there was no statistically significant difference in the month of birth, the season of birth of schizophrenic patients was not related to sex, family history or handedness.

Seasonality of births in affective disorder in an Irish population

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Clarke ◽  
F Keogh ◽  
PT Murphy ◽  
M Morris ◽  
C Larkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Seasonality Of Births

SummarySeasonal variation in the births of patients with schizophrenia is a consistently replicated epidemiological finding. Few studies have investigated this phenomenon among patients with a diagnosis of affective disorder. The majority of season of birth studies have employed the chi square test for statistical analysis, a method that has been subject to some criticism. Using a Kolgomorov-Smirnov type statistic, the quarterly birth distribution of 6,646 patients with an ICD 9/10 diagnosis of affective disorder were compared to the general population. Only the births of those individuals with unipolar forms of affective disorder (n = 4,393) differed significantly from the general population, with significant excesses and deficits in the second quarter and fourth quarter respectively. These results were not altered by application of the displacement test. © 1998 Elsevier, Paris

Kidney Function and Anemia Prevalence in Patients with HIV Infection.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2259-2259
Author(s):  
Michael Dickson ◽  
Samir H. Mody ◽  
Brahim Bookhart ◽  
Marya Zilberberg
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Actual Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background: Recent guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) for the management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in HIV+ patients highlight that up to 30% of HIV+ patients have abnormal kidney function. These guidelines also discuss the effects of CKD on HIV disease progression and the need to diagnose and manage CKD in patients with HIV. While the presence of CKD is associated with an increased rate of anemia in the general population, the prevalence of anemia among HIV patients with CKD is less well known. This is of particular importance as anemia is known to occur in at least 20% of HIV patients overall. The current analysis was undertaken to determine the distribution of kidney function levels among HIV patients and to stratify anemia risk based on these levels. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data collected between 1996 and 2004 from an integrated, commercial database of claims and laboratory values, subjects with HIV infection designated by ICD-9 code were identified. Subjects were included if they were at least 17.5 years old and had at least 1 value during this time period for plasma creatinine (PCr), serum urea nitrogen (SUN), albumin (Alb) and hemoglobin (Hb). If a subject had multiple lab values recorded, only the most recent lab value was utilized for the analysis. Subjects with any diagnosis or procedure code pertaining to dialysis were excluded. Kidney function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) method as follows: GFR= 170 x [PCr]−0.999 x [Age] −0.176 x [SUN] −0.170 x [Alb]+0.318 x [0.762 if female] x [1.18 if black]. Since race was not reported in the database, this parameter was not included in the calculation. Anemia was defined as Hb <13 g/dL for men; <12 g/dL for women. Results: Of the 2,032 subjects identified with HIV, 840 (41%) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of these subjects was 43.7±12.6 years; 72% were male; mean Hb was 14.3±1.6 g/dL. Mean GFR was 91.1±21.1 mL/min/1.73m3. See Table 1 for the incidence of anemia associated with increasing severity of CKD. Conclusions: Overall prevalence of GFR <90 mL/min/1.73m3 among HIV patients was 48.5%. This is similar to the 43.5% demonstrated in a recent analysis of HIV patients,1 and higher than the 35.9% seen in the general population.2 It may, however, be an overestimate of the actual prevalence of CKD, since race was not analyzed. In addition, patients with GFRs ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m3 require data on proteinuria to diagnose CKD. As is the case in the general population, anemia increases in prevalence with severity of CKD. Anemia in either CKD or HIV patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality3,4; therefore, a prompt diagnosis of anemia is warranted, as it may impact clinical treatments and outcomes in this population. Table 1: Incidence of anemia associated with worsening GFR GFR (mL/min/1.73m3)* N (%) Anemia N (% total) *lower values mean worsening kidney function. ≥ 90 433 (51.5) 52 (12) 60–89 359 (42.7) 32 (9) 30–59 44 (5.3) 11 (25) 15–29 4 (0.5) 3 (75) <15 0 0

Incidence of Malignancy Prior to Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–associated Vasculitis Compared to the General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma E. van Daalen ◽  
Chinar Rahmattulla ◽  
Ron Wolterbeek ◽  
Jan A. Bruijn ◽  
Ingeborg M. Bajema
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Microscopic Polyangiitis ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Malignancy Risk ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overall Risk

Objective.Previous studies have reported an increased malignancy risk preceding antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV), suggesting common pathogenic pathways in these 2 entities. However, the study results were conflicting and often limited to patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Here, we study the malignancy risk prior to AAV diagnosis [either GPA or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)] to elaborate on the putative association between malignancy and AAV.Methods.A total of 203 patients were selected for the current study. Malignancies prior to AAV diagnosis were identified using a nationwide pathology database, and their occurrence was verified by reviewing the medical files of 145 patients (71.4%). The malignancy incidence was compared to the general population by calculation of standardized incidence ratios (SIR), matching for sex, age, and time period. SIR were calculated for 2 intervals: < 2 years and ≥ 2 years prior to AAV diagnosis. Separate analyses were performed for GPA and MPA.Results.The overall risk for malignancy prior to AAV diagnosis was similar to that of the general population (SIR 0.96, 95% CI 0.55–1.57), as was true when risks were analyzed by malignancy type, including skin, bladder, kidney, lung, stomach, rectum, and uterus (SIR ranged from 1.64 to 4.14). We found no significant difference in malignancy risk between patients with GPA and MPA.Conclusion.Our findings do not support the hypothesis that preceding malignancies and AAV have a causal relationship or shared pathogenic pathways.

Smoking and Malignancy in Schizophrenia

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Masterson ◽  
B. O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Smoking Patterns ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

SummaryIt has been suggested that schizophrenic patients have a lower risk of cancer than the general population. We therefore investigated the smoking patterns of 100 current chronic schizophrenic in-patients, and the causes of death in 122 recently deceased schizophrenics. We found that schizophrenics are heavy smokers, and that schizophrenics do die from carcinoma of the bronchus. Proportional mortality rates for all malignancies were not significantly lower in schizophrenics than in the general population but there was a significant absence of cancer of the gastro-intestinal tract. Proportional mortality rates for female mammary carcinoma, pneumonia, and suicide were raised, and that for cerebrovascular disease was low. These differences between schizophrenics and the general population warrant further investigation.

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