The Relationship of Plasma to Erythrocyte Lithium Levels in Patients Taking Lithium Carbonate

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Lee ◽  
S. E. Hill ◽  
M. Dimitrakoudi ◽  
F. A. Jenner ◽  
R. J. Pollitt
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Lithium Level ◽  
Plasma Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryPlasma and erythrocyte lithium levels have been determined repeatedly in twelve patients taking lithium carbonate for affective disorders. In any individual the plot of the plasma lithium level against erythrocyte/plasma ratio is linear, but the ratio can either increase or decrease with increasing plasma lithium concentration. Erythrocyte/plasma ratio is an unsound basis for comparing individual responses to lithium.

Family and genetic studies on the relationship of schizophrenia to affective disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 249 (S4) ◽  
pp. S57-S61 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Maier ◽  
Marcella Rietschel ◽  
Dirk Lichtermann ◽  
Dieter B. Wildenauer
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Mental Health in Africa: II. the Nature of Mental Disorder in Africa Today

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Allen German
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Physiological Abnormalities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Aspects of clinical psychiatric syndromes described in Africa which are discussed include the issue of schizophrenic disorders having a better prognosis in developing countries; controversy over this is by no means at an end. There is an increasing realisation as to the frequency of affective disorders in Africa; while somatisation is common, cherished beliefs, such as the absence of guilt, have not been confirmed by more recent research. Nor is suicide as infrequent as has been suggested. The relationship of background physiological abnormalities of cerebral functioning may be relevant to some of the clinical issues that are currently under discussion in African psychiatry.

The Relationship between Plasma Lithium and the Renal Responsiveness to Arginine Vasopressin in Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Penney ◽  
R. P. Hullin ◽  
D. P. Srinivasan ◽  
D. B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

1. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was measured in morning samples of urine from 58 patients treated with lithium for unipolar or bipolar affective disorders and from 25 healthy control subjects. 2. the AVP excretion rate was increased in the patients treated with lithium and was related to the plasma lithium concentration. the increase in AVP excretion is the result of a renal resistance to AVP so that what has been observed is an effect of lithium in vivo related to its plasma level over the therapeutic range.

scholarly journals Affective Disorders in The Elderly: The Risk of Sleep Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Eni Folendra Rosa ◽  
Nelly Rustiaty
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship of sleep disorders to the incidence of affective disorders. In addition, assess whether the relationship remains significant after controlled variable bullies that also affect the occurrence of sleep disorders and or affective disorders in elderly. Observational study with unmatched case control study design. Individual population age 60 years or older, sampling probability proportional to size, consist of case group that is experiencing sleep disturbance (n=165) and control group (n=330). Respondent sleep disturbance affective disorder 23.6%. There is a significant relationship of sleep disorders to affective disorders. Sleep disorders at risk 2.47 times affective disorder. Sleep disorders can be insomnia, awakening at night or waking up too early which can lead to psychological disorders such as psychological disorders such as anger, unstable emotions, sadness, distress, anxiety is also a physical disorder such as pain in the body. If not immediately addressed can continue to occur depression and even threaten psychiatric disorders. Further research needs to be done to overcome sleep disorders in the elderly.<p> </p>

Bioavailability of lithium preparations

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Serum Lithium Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Fluids ◽  
The Difference

Lithium is effective in the prophylaxis of affective disorders1 2 and is being increasingly used. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic ratio and the difference between toxic and ineffective plasma concentrations is small. To avoid the fluctuations in plasma level which occur with the conventional lithium carbonate tablets (Camcolit - Camden) two sustained-release preparations Priadel (Delandale) and Phasal (Pharmax) have been introduced. In vitro, both Phasal and Priadel are released much more slowly than Camcolit into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids.3 In order to determine the appropriate dosage schedules, the bioavailabilities of these preparations should be established and constant for all patients. Regular estimations of serum lithium concentration are essential; to ensure the best therapeutic effect the level should be between 0.8 and 1.4mmol/litre in samples taken 12 hours after the last dose of lithium.4

The Relationship of Endogenous Cortisol to Psychiatric Disorder: A Review

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Kiraly ◽  
Raymond J Ancill ◽  
Gergana Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: To focus on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, especially endogenous hypercortisolemia, to study its role in the maintenance of psychiatric illness, and to entertain the probability that the elderly are vulnerable. Method: Case presentation, clinical and research literature review, and theoretical discussion. Results: Clinical and research evidence overwhelmingly suggest that hypercortisolemia is toxic to the hippocampus. Some research supports the position that it can be a treatable perpetuating factor in a subset of affective disorders and psychoses. Pharmacological treatments to correct hypercortisolemia have been used by endocrinologists. Hypercortisolemic treatment-resistant and nontreatment-resistant psychoses and affective disorders have been successfully treated by a small number of researchers who remain interested in this subject. Data pertaining to geriatric psychoses may be germane but are sparse. Conclusions: It behooves us to research diagnostic methods pertaining to psychoses and affective disorders associated with hypercortisolemic states. Very little research is available, but we must be alert to the possibility that the elderly are more susceptible to cortisol endotoxicosis than the younger adult population. Without accurate diagnosis, we cannot take advantage of existing antiglucocorticoid strategies.

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