The Relationship between Plasma Lithium and the Renal Responsiveness to Arginine Vasopressin in Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Penney ◽  
R. P. Hullin ◽  
D. P. Srinivasan ◽  
D. B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

1. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was measured in morning samples of urine from 58 patients treated with lithium for unipolar or bipolar affective disorders and from 25 healthy control subjects. 2. the AVP excretion rate was increased in the patients treated with lithium and was related to the plasma lithium concentration. the increase in AVP excretion is the result of a renal resistance to AVP so that what has been observed is an effect of lithium in vivo related to its plasma level over the therapeutic range.

The Relationship of Plasma to Erythrocyte Lithium Levels in Patients Taking Lithium Carbonate

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Lee ◽  
S. E. Hill ◽  
M. Dimitrakoudi ◽  
F. A. Jenner ◽  
R. J. Pollitt
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Lithium Level ◽  
Plasma Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryPlasma and erythrocyte lithium levels have been determined repeatedly in twelve patients taking lithium carbonate for affective disorders. In any individual the plot of the plasma lithium level against erythrocyte/plasma ratio is linear, but the ratio can either increase or decrease with increasing plasma lithium concentration. Erythrocyte/plasma ratio is an unsound basis for comparing individual responses to lithium.

The Relationship Between In-Vivo Glenohumeral Joint Motion and Joint Morphology in Rotator Cuff Repair Patients and Healthy Control Subjects

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn D. Peltz ◽  
Kristin Ciarelli ◽  
Jeffrey A. Haladik ◽  
Michael J. McDonald ◽  
Nicole Ramo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Rotator Cuff Repair ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cuff Repair

Rotator cuff tears are a common condition that adversely affect function and quality of life. Altered glenohumeral joint (GHJ) motion is believed to contribute to the development of rotator cuff tears. Previous research has demonstrated relationships between in-vivo joint motion and bony morphology (particularly in the knee [e.g., 1]), and similar relationships have been reported in cadaveric shoulder studies [2, 3]. However, the extent to which these relationships exist under in-vivo conditions or if these relationships are altered in shoulders with pathologic conditions is not known. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the relationship between glenoid/humerus morphology and in-vivo GHJ motion in healthy control shoulders and rotator cuff repair patients. We hypothesized that a relationship exists between glenoid/humerus morphology and GHJ motion in healthy control shoulders, but that this relationship is altered in rotator cuff patients.

scholarly journals Hypersecretion of corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin in hypothyroid male rats as estimated with push-pull perfusion

1998 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tohei ◽  
G Watanabe ◽  
K Taya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
In Vivo Release ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acth Release

The relationship between hypothyroidism and disturbance of the hypothalamo-hypophysial-adrenal axis was investigated using adult male rats. Hypothyroidism was produced by administration of 4-methyl-2-thiouracil (thiouracil) in the drinking water for 2 weeks. Hypothyroidism decreased adrenal weights to 57% of controls and plasma concentrations of corticosterone to 48% of controls. The changes in the weight of adrenals recovered to control levels by administration of thyroxine. The pituitary responsiveness to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) for ACTH release markedly increased in hypothyroid rats as compared with euthyroid rats. In vivo release of CRH and AVP in median eminence significantly increased in hypothyroid rats as compared with euthyroid rats. There were no significant differences in hypothalamic concentrations of CRH and AVP. These results indicate that hypothyroidism causes adrenal dysfunction directly and results in hypersecretion of ACTH mediated by increases in synthesis of CRH and AVP in the hypothalamus.

Effect of vasopressin on renal lithium reabsorption: a micropuncture and microperfusion study

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. F223-F229 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Walter ◽  
D. G. Shirley ◽  
R. J. Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Loop Of Henle ◽  
Brattleboro Rats ◽  
Lithium Clearance

Micropuncture techniques were used to investigate the nephron site(s) responsible for the vasopressin-induced reductions in lithium clearance and fractional lithium excretion (FELi) in anesthetized Brattleboro rats lacking endogenous vasopressin. In rats treated intravenously with the vasopressin analogue 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP; 40 pg/min), FELi was significantly lower than in untreated animals (0.23 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.02, P < 0.05). Free-flow micropuncture showed that fractional lithium delivery (FDLi) to late proximal convolutions was identical in the two groups, whereas at the early distal tubule both FDLi (0.28 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.01, P < 0.05) and the tubular fluid-to-plasma lithium concentration ratio (1.18 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05) were lower in the DDAVP-treated group. No differences between the groups with respect to lithium handling beyond the early distal tubule were observed. In rats subjected to in vivo microperfusion of loops of Henle, intravenous infusion of DDAVP (40 pg/min) increased fractional lithium reabsorption in the loop from 0.56 +/- 0.03 to 0.66 +/- 0.04 (P < 0.05) and from 0.39 +/- 0.02 to 0.45 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.05) at perfusion rates of 10 and 15 nl/min, respectively. We conclude that DDAVP stimulates lithium reabsorption in the loop of Henle and suggest that this results from an increased transepithelial potential difference in the thick ascending limb.

scholarly journals Adverse life event reporting and worst illness episodes in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders: measuring environmental risk for genetic research

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1829-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hosang ◽  
A. Korszun ◽  
L. Jones ◽  
I. Jones ◽  
J. M. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Association Studies ◽  
Event Reporting ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundStudies exploring gene–environment interplay in affective disorders now include very large numbers of participants. Methods for evaluating the role of adversity in such studies need to be developed that do not rely on lengthy and labour-intensive interviews. In the present study, a brief questionnaire method for measuring 11 adverse events reported before interview and before their worst illness episodes by bipolar, unipolar and healthy control participants, participating in genetic association studies, was evaluated.MethodFive hundred and twelve bipolar disorder (BD) participants, 1447 participants with recurrent unipolar depression (UPD) and 1346 psychiatrically healthy control participants underwent the researcher-administered version of the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) for the 6 months before their worst affective episodes for UPD and BD participants, and for the 6 months before interview for the UPD participants and controls.ResultsUPD and BD cases were significantly more likely to report at least one event, as well as more events in the 6 months before interview and before their worst illness episodes, than healthy controls. Both manic and depressive episodes were significantly associated with adverse events in the BD cases. Depressed mood at the time of interview influenced event reporting in UPD and control participants but not the BD cases. Age was negatively correlated with the number of events reported by controls.ConclusionsThe researcher-administered LTE-Q provides a measure of case-control differences for adversity that is applicable in large genetic association studies. Confounding factors for event reporting include present mood and age.

Bioavailability of lithium preparations

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Serum Lithium Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Fluids ◽  
The Difference

Lithium is effective in the prophylaxis of affective disorders1 2 and is being increasingly used. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic ratio and the difference between toxic and ineffective plasma concentrations is small. To avoid the fluctuations in plasma level which occur with the conventional lithium carbonate tablets (Camcolit - Camden) two sustained-release preparations Priadel (Delandale) and Phasal (Pharmax) have been introduced. In vitro, both Phasal and Priadel are released much more slowly than Camcolit into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids.3 In order to determine the appropriate dosage schedules, the bioavailabilities of these preparations should be established and constant for all patients. Regular estimations of serum lithium concentration are essential; to ensure the best therapeutic effect the level should be between 0.8 and 1.4mmol/litre in samples taken 12 hours after the last dose of lithium.4

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

Do Extra-Platelet Sources Contribute to the Plasma Level of Thrombospondin?

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dawes ◽  
D A Pratt ◽  
M S Dewar ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Bone Marrow Depression ◽  
Serial Sampling ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThrombospondin, a trimeric glycoprotein contained in the platelet α-granules, has been proposed as a marker of in vivo platelet activation. However, it is also synthesised by a range of other cells. The extraplatelet contribution to plasma levels of thrombospondin was therefore estimated by investigating the relationship between plasma thrombospondin levels and platelet count in samples from profoundly thrombocytopenic patients with marrow hypoplasia, using the platelet-specific α-granule protein β-thromboglobulin as control. Serum concentrations of both proteins were highly correlated with platelet count, but while plasma β-thromboglobulin levels and platelet count also correlated, there was no relationship between the number of platelets and thrombospondin concentrations in plasma. Serial sampling of patients recovering from bone marrow depression indicated that the plasma thrombospondin contributed by platelets is superimposed on a background concentration of at least 50 ng/ml probably derived from a non-platelet source, and plasma thrombospondin levels do not simply reflect platelet release.

Plasma Level of IL-1β in Disseminated Intravascular Goagulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Shigehisa Tamaki ◽  
Motoaki Tanigawa ◽  
Mikio Takagi ◽  
Yoshitaka Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Necrosis Factor

SummaryThe plasma level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was determined in normal individuals, patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), patients in the pre-DIC period (within 7 days before the onset of DIC), and non-DIC patients to examine the relationship between DIC and the plasma ILlp level. The plasma IL-1β level was 0-0.085 ng/ml in normal individuals, with little difference being seen according to related age. It was significantly higher in the DIC group (0.19 ± 0.19 ng/ml) than in the pre-DIC group (0.05 ± 0.08 ng/ml) or the non-DIC group (0.09 ± 0.01 ng/ml). The plasma IL-1β level was not markedly elevated in leukemia patients, even in the DIC group, but it was significantly increased in the DIC group of solid cancer patients and was generally elevated in patients with sepsis. It was markedly elevated to 0.39 ± 0.26 ng/ml in patients with organ failure. When mononuclear cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide, it was found that IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, and tissue factor (TF) were released into the medium, and there was an increase of TF release from endothelial cells incubated with this medium. These results suggest that the increase in IL-Iβ reflected the activation of monocytes and may be an important factor in DIC and its associated organ failure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document