V. Cerebral Dysfunction and Childhood Psychoses

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (545) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kolvin ◽  
C. Ounsted ◽  
M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Cerebral Dysfunction ◽  
Etiological Study ◽  
Aetiological Diagnosis ◽  
Cerebral Insult ◽  
Childhood Psychoses

A series of recent papers (Creak, 1961, 1963; Rutter, 1966; Brown, 1963; Lotter, 1967; Schain and Yannet, 1960) have provided evidence of degrees of cerebral dysfunction in infantile autism (Kanner, 1943) and other infantile psychoses. They have demonstrated that groups of cases of infantile psychoses satisfying broadly similar diagnostic criteria have in their backgrounds a variable frequency of cerebral insult and abnormal discharge in the EEC The diagnostic criteria in such series are of crucial importance. Imprecision and vagueness hamper comparisons between series. In childhood psychoses some investigators have excluded those cases in which there was any history or clinical evidence of organic features in an attempt to obtain a ‘pure’ group. This technique, while valid in delineating a syndrome, is handicapping to subsequent etiological study. For these reasons the present authors have used only age of onset and behavioural features as their ascertainment criteria it was a behavioural rather than an aetiological diagnosis.

Studies in the Childhood Psychoses I. Diagnostic Criteria and Classification

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (545) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kolvin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Considerable Confusion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Childhood Psychoses

Until the last decade there was considerable confusion about the nosology of childhood psychoses. As Kanner (1958) has pointed out, certain psychodynamically orientated writers (Szurek, 1956; Beres, 1956) have eschewed the important operation of differential diagnosis. This has led to the notion of ‘equality of schizophrenias' (Darr and Worden, 1951) and thus to the idea of a single psychosis of childhood. The controversy over this approach has now waned in the face of empirical evidence from aetiological, phenomenological and follow-up studies, and many authors have stressed the importance of age of onset in their typologies or in their attempts at a more comprehensive classification (Kanner and Lesser, 1958; Mahler et al., 1949, 1952; Bender, 1947, 1959; Anthony, 1958, 1962, and Eisenberg, 1967). As this is also central to the present study it merits examination in greater detail.

II. the Phenomenology of Childhood Psychoses

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (545) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kolvin ◽  
C. Ounsted ◽  
M. Humphrey ◽  
A. McNay
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Park Hospital ◽  
Childhood Psychoses

This paper analyses the clinical picture in 80 children referred to the Park Hospital, Oxford, or to the Newcastle department of child psychiatry, and admitted for intensive assessment of their psychosis. All were seen by two psychiatrists and nearly three quarters of them in Oxford. The diagnostic criteria, and the differentiation by age of onset into infantile psychosis (I.P.) and late onset psychosis (L.O.P.) were discussed in the previous paper (Kolvin, I).

WAIS Results for Ss with Longstanding, Chronic, Lateralized and Diffuse Cerebral Dysfunction

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. Fitzhugh ◽  
Loren C. Fitzhugh
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Lesion Group ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Cerebral Dysfunction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Total Performance Scores ◽  
Diffuse Lesion

Several studies utilizing W-B I results have shown differential impairment on verbal or performance tasks associated with lateralized cerebral dysfunction. Only modest differential impairment, however, has been found among patients with longstanding, chronic brain damage. Increased use of the newer scale, the WAIS, warrants evaluation of possible differential impairment of selected clinical samples on this scale. WAIS results were compared for 28 Ss with longstanding maximal cerebral damage of the left hemisphere, 24 with maximal damage of the right hemisphere, and 46 with diffuse damage. Significant differences between group means were rare. However, the mean intra-individual difference between total Verbal and total Performance scores was highly significant for the right-lesion group, moderately significant for the diffuse-lesion group, and non-significant for the left-lesion group. Further investigation with the instrument is needed on groups which differ from those in the present study with respect to variables such as duration of cerebral dysfunction, type of lesion, and age of onset, in order to improve our understanding of relationships between cerebral dysfunction and ability deficits.

Olfactory reference syndrome: a systematic review of the world literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Begum ◽  
P. J. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Syndrome ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Classification

BackgroundThe nosological status of olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a matter of debate and there is uncertainty as to what treatments are effective.MethodThe world literature was searched for reports of cases of ORS. Clinical, nosological and therapeutic information from cases meeting proposed diagnostic criteria for the disorder was summarized and tabulated.ResultsA total of 84 case reports (52 male/32 female) were found. Age of onset was <20 years in almost 60% of cases. Smell-related precipitating events were recorded in 42%. Most patients could not smell the smell or only did so intermittently. Authors of the reports expressed reservations about the delusional nature of the belief in slightly under half of the cases. Over two-thirds were improved or recovered at follow-up, with the disorder responding to antidepressants and psychotherapy more frequently than to neuroleptics.ConclusionsORS is a primary psychiatric syndrome that does not fit well into its current classification as a subtype of delusional disorder, both in terms of its nosology and its response to treatment.

Spectrum of clinical presentations and endocrinological findings of patients with septo-optic dysplasia: a retrospective study

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Pinar Cemeroglu ◽  
Tarin Coulas ◽  
Lora Kleis
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction

Abstract: Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare condition with variable clinical pictures and spectrum of findings.: To analyze the spectrum of findings, frequency and age of onset of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions in children with SOD.A retrospective electronic medical record (EMR) chart review was done for patients with SOD seen in a tertiary care center’s pediatric endocrinology clinic between January 1, 2012, and March 31, 2014. The diagnostic criteria for SOD included presence of ≥2 of the following: (i) optic nerve hypoplasia, (ii) agenesis/hypoplasia of septum pellucidum and/or corpus callosum and (iii) hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.Eighty patients fitting the diagnostic criteria of SOD were included in this study. The majority of patients (96%) had optic nerve hypoplasia on magnetic resonance imaging and were diagnosed due to visual issues including nystagmus (36%) or strabismus (13.8%). Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction was most common (51%) when optic nerve hypoplasia was present with (36%) or without (15%) dysgenesis of septum pellucidum and/or corpus callosum compared to dysgenesis of septum pellucidum and/or corpus callosum alone (4%). Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction was noted in 55% of patients, and most (86%) were diagnosed ≤2 years of age. Central hypothyroidism and growth hormone deficiency were most common followed by secondary/tertiary adrenal insufficiency and diabetes insipidus.: The risk of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in SOD is highest ≤2 years of age and when both optic nerve hypoplasia and dysgenesis of septum pellucidum/corpus callosum are present, suggesting a need for more frequent follow-up and screening tests for hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in these patients.

scholarly journals A Clinico-Etiological Study of Erythroderma in Adults in a Tertiary Care Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 3213-3219
Author(s):  
Jagaragallu Amrutha ◽  
Narasimha Rao Netha Gurram ◽  
Padmaja Pinjala ◽  
Bhumesh Kumar Katakam ◽  
Rajeev Singh Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Etiological Study

BACKGROUND Erythroderma is a clinical entity that may cause severe systemic manifestations. The difficulty with erythroderma lies in finding the underlying aetiology. It is imperative to demonstrate precise aetiology whenever possible so that distinct therapy may be initiated. At times, despite finding the aetiology, relapses constitute a great menace. The purpose of our study was to assess the clinical profile and aetiology of erythroderma. Besides, the study also illustrated factors leading to relapses; such studies are rare in literature. METHODS This hospital-based, cross-sectional study included 88 patients of erythroderma of either sex and age more than 18 years; their clinical, laboratory, histopathological findings, treatment and outcome were studied. RESULTS The mean age of onset was 47.3 ± 12.35 years with the male to female ratio being 2.38:1. The most common cause of erythroderma was pre-existing dermatoses (67 %) followed by drugs (10.2 %), infections (3.4 %), malignancies (4.54 %), and idiopathic (14.7 %). Psoriasis was the predominant aetiology (45.4 %) among the pre-existing dermatoses with a maximum number of relapses (P = 0.02). Psoriasis was significantly associated with pruritus (P = 0.001), subungual hyperkeratosis (P = 0.0001), palmoplantar keratoderma (P = 0.001). Clinicohistological association was found in 64.6 % of cases. Mortality was seen in 6.8 % of cases. CONCLUSIONS As in previous studies, pre-existing dermatoses were the most common causes in our study; albeit, a special emphasis on factors leading to relapses was given to prevent further episodes. The most common factor of relapse was uncontrolled comorbid disorders (diabetes and hypertension) followed by medication nonadherence. Hence, our study suggests a need for more effective comorbidity management and creating awareness regarding judicial use of drugs which can go far in preventing mortality and morbidity. KEY WORDS Erythroderma, Adults, Aetiology, Relapses, Comorbidities.

The Electroencephalogram in Minimal Cerebral Dysfunction

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-874
Author(s):  
Peggy J. Copple
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Valuable Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cerebral Dysfunction

I noted with interest the article by Drs. Capute, Niedermeyer, and Richardson, "The Electroencephalogram in Children with Minimal Cerebral Dysfunction," (Pediatrics, 41:1104, 1968). However, I disagree with their conclusion, "the EEC is a valuable diagnostic tool in minimal cerebral dysfunction." The authors rightly state that no specific findings can be expected from the EEC in large numbers of children with the minimal cerebral dysfunction syndrome, however vague and nonspecific the diagnostic criteria for this may be.

scholarly journals What Is the Value of Ultrasound in Individuals ‘At-Risk’ of Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Do Not Have Clinical Synovitis?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Matteo ◽  
Davide Corradini ◽  
Kulveer Mankia
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Imminent Risk

The identification of biomarkers that help identify individuals at imminent risk of progression to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is of crucial importance for disease prevention. In recent years, several studies have highlighted the value of musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound (US) in predicting progression to inflammatory arthritis (IA) in individuals ‘at-risk’ of RA. These studies have highlighted the following main aspects: first, in RA-related autoantibody-positive individuals, MSK symptoms seem to develop before ‘sub-clinical’ joint inflammation occurs on US. Second, the detection of ‘sub-clinical’ synovitis (and/or bone erosions) greatly increases the risk of IA development in these ‘at-risk’ individuals. US has a potential key role for better understanding the ‘pre-clinical’ stages in individuals ‘at-risk’ of RA, and for the early identification of those individuals at high risk of developing IA. Further research is needed to address questions on image analysis and standardization. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant studies which have investigated the value of US in the prediction of RA development in individuals ‘at-risk’ of RA who have MSK symptoms, but no clinical evidence of IA. We highlight recent insights, limitations, and future perspectives of US use in this important population.

scholarly journals Primary non-continuous new daily persistent headache: Seven cases and proposed diagnostic criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 251581632199834
Author(s):  
Randolph W Evans
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Rare Disorder ◽  
New Daily Persistent Headache ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preventive Medication ◽  
Persistent Headache

Primary new daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a rare disorder defined by the third edition of the International Headache Society (ICHD-3) as a continuous and unremitting headache. Non-continuous cases have been reported which do not fit any ICHD-3 criteria. Seven patients are presented who meet all ICHD-3 criteria except for being non-continuous from onset without treatment with a duration of 4 or more hours per day with only one headache per day. The average age of onset was 35.3 years, 57.1% female, and 71.4% had migraine-like features. No cases were unilateral and all cases were persistent without remission. These seven cases constitute a primary NDPH variant. Criteria are proposed for diagnosis similar to ICHD-3 for NDPH with the following change: “pain becoming daily within 24 hours of onset with a duration of 4 to 24 hours without acute or preventive medication or other treatment.”

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND CLINICAL COURSE OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN ADULTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
O. D. Aleksandruk
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minor Criteria

Objective: to analyze Atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnostics criteria routinely used for diagnosis as well as common findings and history in adult patients with different age of onset of the disease. Materials and methods. 123 adult patients aged between 18 and 58 years with AD relapse were examined. The diagnosis was confirmed according to Ukrainian guidelines on AD. The patients were randomized in 2 groups depending on AD age of onset: 67 patients had AD start in early childhood and puberty, 56 patients – in adulthood. Precise medical history of the patients, clinical symptoms were collected. The disease severity was evaluated with SCORAD index and itch severity scale. Results were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical tools. Results. Depending on age of AD onset patients demonstrated some differences in diagnostic criteria positivity, past and actual clinical features of the disease, cooperation with health system specialists. Among major AD diagnostic criteria personal or family history of atopy and flexural lichenification in adults were detected as variable signs of the disease depending on age of onset. Family history of atopy stayed hidden information for part of the patients and could not be verified. The most often minor criteria detected positive and used for AD diagnosis in adults were xerosis, itching when sweating, facial pallor or erythema and white dermographism, with their different frequency among groups. 17,9% of cases in childhood and 25% of cases in adults were not initially recognized as AD and managed as another skin disease for months or years. Skin itch as constant sign of AD is provoked by different triggered with high prevalence of emotional stress in adult-onset AD and different frequency of contact triggers among groups. Emotional trauma was considered by the patients as a major trigger of mild relapses in adult-age AD and moderate relapses in early-age AD. Constant and severe xerosis was more common for patients with AD onset in childhood and was mostly not a significant impacting issue for adult-aged AD. Secondary pyoderma accompanies AD relapses of both groups. 100% of examined patients had experience of self-treatment with topical and systemic medications. Physical modalities of treatment (sunbathing, change of climate etc.) are less often of adult-age AD patients’ choice and provide good results more for early onset AD patients. Steroid-phobia was observed in patients with early disease onset only and is not an issue for adult-age AD patients. Conclusions. Diagnostic criteria stay an important tool for diagnosing AD. Adult patients may demonstrate different set of positive major and minor criteria depending on time of the disease onset. Established diagnosis of AD may not correspond to first manifestation of the disease that is possible both in childhood and adult patients. Prognosing of AD course in adults may depend on general duration of the disease: starting in childhood AD more often has seasonal relation, constant xerosis, irritation by sweeting; patients have long experience of moisturizers and physical treatments use. If started in adulty AD more often aggravates due to emotional and occupational triggers, then others; long-term use of moisturizers more probably would be neglected by the patient.

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