scholarly journals Serum Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Plasma Glycerol as Indicators of Fat Mobilization in Pregnant Sheep Subjected to Cold Stress

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-503
Author(s):  
Arnfinn Aulie ◽  
Harald N. Astrup ◽  
Jon J. Nedkvitne ◽  
Weiert Velle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

Plasma non-esterified fatty acids in sheep

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Annison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Nefa Level

Concentrations of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in sheep were found to be within the range 0.1–0.9 m-equiv/l. Relatively high levels (1.0–2.5 m-equiv/l) occurred in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep when fasted. Intravenous injection of glucose (1.0 g/kg body wt.) depressed KEFA concentrations to levels of about 0.05 m-equiv/l. Insulin, injected intravenously, caused an initial fall in the NEFA level, followed by a sharp rise which was maintained throughout hypoglycaemia. These results suggest that in sheep, as in many other species, NEBA are of major metabolic importance.

scholarly journals The metabolism of circulating non-esterified fatty acids by the whole animal, hind-limb muscle and uterus of pregnant ewes

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
D. B. Lindsay ◽  
P. J. Barker ◽  
A. J. Northrop
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Hind Limb Muscle

1. The over-all and regional metabolism of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was studied using a combination of isotopic and arteriovenous-difference techniques.2. There was a common linear relationship, whether stearic, palmitic or oleic acids were used as tracer, between the arterial NEFA concentration and the rates of entry and oxidation.3. Assuming that the tracer used reflected the metabolism of all the NEFA, the total entry rate in fed and fasted pregnant ewes was (mean±SE) 0·44±0·02 and 0·55±0·07 mmol/h per kg body-weight respectively. Oxidation of NEFA contributed (mean±SE) 34±5 and 58±7% to the respiratory carbon dioxide in fed and fasted animals, this accounting for (mean±SE) 46±6 and 59±3% of the respective entry rates.4. Hind-limb muscle both utilized and produced NEFA. The mean gross fractional extraction (calculated from isotopic uptake) was (mean±SE) 9±1%. Gross utilization of any NEFA and appearance of 14CO2 across the muscle were linearly related to the arterial concentration of tracer fatty acid, irrespective of whether this was oleate or stearate. The amount of 14CO2 appearing was consistent with (mean±SE) 54±8% of the CO2 produced by the hind-limb being derived from NEFA oxidation.5. Infused NEFA were partly converted to ketone bodies. Uptake and oxidation in the hind-limb of ketones formed in the liver could account for approximately 20% of the 14CO2 apparently produced in muscle from NEFA. Correction for this reduces the proportion of CO2 derived from NEFA to 43%. There was some indication that ketones were also produced from NEFA in the hind-limb.6. NEFA were not a significant energy source for the gravid uterus.7. An over-all view of energy sources for the whole animal and for hind-limb muscle in normal and fasted pregnant sheep was presented.

PLASMA NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACID LEVELS IN HYPOPITUITARY SUBJECTS

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. B. STAMP
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

SUMMARY Changes in the plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in a group of patients with proven hypopituitarism have been compared with those found in control subjects during prolonged fasting, after the injection of insulin and after the oral administration of glucose with and without the previous administration of insulin. During a 4 hr. prolongation of an overnight fast plasma NEFA levels increased at a significantly slower rate in the patients with hypopituitarism. The intravenous injection of insulin was followed by a prompt fall in NEFA levels in the control group, and by a rapid return to or above original values. The recovery was consistently and markedly impaired in the patients with hypopituitarism and this abnormality differentiated them more clearly from the normal subjects than the abnormality in their plasma sugar response to insulin. The patients with pituitary hypofunction had a flat plasma sugar curve after the oral administration of glucose, but there were only minor differences from the normal plasma NEFA levels. Previous insulin administration impaired glucose tolerance in normal subjects and resulted in a more rapid late return of NEFA levels than after the administration of glucose alone. This late rise in NEFA did not occur in the hypopituitary group. The results obtained support the concept that pituitary integrity is required for normal fat mobilization. The consistency of the changes suggests that tests based on plasma NEFA measurements may provide a useful indirect means of diagnosing pituitary hypofunction.

scholarly journals Concentrations of glycerol and non-esterified fatty acids in plasma during fat mobilization

1964 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Sim ◽  
JW de Vries ◽  
JE Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The effects of cold exposure of pregnant sheep on foetal plasma nutrients, hormones and birth weight

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Thompson ◽  
J. M. Bassett ◽  
Debbie E. Samson ◽  
J. Slee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

1. Five pregnant sheep, with indwelling catheters positioned for withdrawal of maternal right-atrial and foetal arterial blood, were exposed for 2 h to neutral and to cold (– 1° and wool-clipped) environmental temperatures. Acute maternal cold exposure increased the concentrations of glucose, glycerol and non-esterified fatty acids in maternal plasma and increased the concentration of glucose in foetal plasma, but not glycerol or non-esterified fatty acids. The concentration of corticosteroids in maternal piasma increased. The concent ration of corticosteroids in foetal plasma did not change but the concentration of insulin increased.2. Thirteen pregnant sheep were housed at thermoneutrality and thirteen similar, sheep fed the same amount of food, were clipped and exposed to cold during the last 5– 6 weeks of pregnancy. Chronic maternal cold exposure increased the birth weight of both single and twin lambs.3. It is concluded that exposure of pregnant sheep to cold can alter the partition of some nutrients between mother and foetus in favour of the foetus, and it is suggested how this may be brought about.

The contribution of fat mobilization to the regulation of fat deposition in growing Large White and Piétrain pigs

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. M. Metz ◽  
R. A. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

ABSTRACTThe contribution of fat mobilization to the regulation of fat deposition was investigated in intensively fed, rapidly growing pigs of the breeds Large White and Pietrain. The results indicate that no quantitative differences in fat mobilization parameters existed between the breeds. In both breeds the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids i n blood serum, measured 8h after a meal, was very low, and the fatty acid composition of the non-esterified fatty acids did not reflect the variation in fatty acid composition of the body fat that existed between groups of pigs within each breed. Additionally, the fraction of body fat that was mobilized per day was calculated to be zero for both breeds. It is concluded from these results that the observed differences in fat deposition between Large White (195g/day) and Pietrain (130g/day) were definitely not the consequence of fat mobilization.

The effect of triamcinolone on glucose metabolism in ketotic sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. H. Ford ◽  
Joan Evans
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Pregnancy Toxaemia

SUMMARYThe withdrawal of food from Clun Forest ewes pregnant with twins produced signs of pregnancy toxaemia accompanied by a significant decrease in the concentration of glucose, a significant increase in the concentration of ketones, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma and a significant decrease in total entry rate and irreversible loss of glucose. A single intramuscular injection of 0·05 or 0·2 mg/kg of triamcinolone acetonide had no significant effect on the concentration of glucose, ketones or 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma or on the total entry, irreversible loss or recycling of glucose in ketotic or in normal pregnant sheep. The low dose had a significant effect on the concentration of NEFA in plasma. Recovery from the clinical signs was slow after either dose of steroid but appeared to be hastened by the onset of parturition which was more rapid after the higher dose.

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