scholarly journals Sleep apnoea in the asymptomatic elderly: a real issue for the brain?

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1702450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Celle ◽  
Claire Boutet ◽  
Cédric Annweiler ◽  
Jean-Claude Barthélémy ◽  
Frédéric Roche
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Surface Control ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Local Brain

The link between sleep apnoea and brain structure is unclear; although dysfunction of the hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus and brainstem/cerebellum have been observed previously. However, this link has been little explored in elderly subjects. The aim of this study was to explore the link between sleep apnoea and the brain in an elderly population.226 asymptomatic elderly subjects (age mean±sd 75.3±0.9 years, range 72.3–77.8 years) from the PROOF (Evaluation of Ageing, Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Cardiovascular Events) cohort study were explored using linear voxel-based or cortical thickness with apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI; mean±sd 15.9±11.5 events·h−1, range 6–63.6 events·h−1) as a covariate of main interest. The brain volumes of 20 control subjects, 18 apnoeic (AHI >29 events·h−1) treated patients and 20 apnoeic untreated patients from this population were compared using voxel-based morphometry, cortical thickness or surface-based analyses.AHI was not associated with any change in local brain volume, cortical thickness or cortex surface. Control subjects, apnoeic treated and untreated patients were not different in terms of local brain volume, cortical thickness or surface.In a specific population of asymptomatic elderly healthy subjects, sleep apnoea does not seem to be associated with a change in local brain volume or in cortical thickness.

The Role of MRI Biomarkers and Their Interactions with Cognitive Status and APOE ε4 in Nondemented Elderly Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Liang ◽  
Zhenyu Yin ◽  
Renyuan Liu ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Sichu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: (1) To investigate atrophy patterns of hippocampal subfield volume and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-signature cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients; (2) to explore the association between the neuropsychological (NP) and the brain structure in the MCI and older normal cognition group; (3) to determine whether these associations were modified by the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene and cognitive status. Methods: The FreeSurfer software was used for automated segmentation of hippocampal subfields and AD-signature cortical thickness for 22 MCI patients and 23 cognitive normal controls (NC). The volume, cortical thickness, and the neuropsychological scale were compared with two-sample t tests. Linear regression models were used to determine the association between the NP and the brain structure. Results: Compared with the NC group, MCI patients showed a decreased volume of the left presubiculum, subiculum and right CA2_3 and CA4_DG (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). The volume of these regions was positively correlated with NP scores. Of note, these associations depended on the cognitive status but not on the APOE ε4 status. The left subiculum and presubiculum volume were positively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores only in the MCI patients. Conclusion: Atrophy of the hippocampal subfields may be a powerful biomarker for MCI in the Chinese population.

Brain anatomy in non-affected parents of autistic probands: a MRI study

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1411-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
SASKIA J. M. C. PALMEN ◽  
HILLEKE E. HULSHOFF POL ◽  
CHANTAL KEMNER ◽  
HUGO G. SCHNACK ◽  
MARGRIET M. SITSKOORN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Volume ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
The Brain

Background. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an estimated genetic origin of 90%. Previous studies have reported an increase in brain volume of approximately 5% in autistic subjects, especially in children. If this increase in brain volume is genetically determined, biological parents of autistic probands might be expected to show brain enlargement, or at least intracranial enlargement, as well. Identifying structural brain abnormalities under genetic control is of particular importance as these could represent endophenotypes of autism.Method. Using quantitative anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging, volumes of intracranial, total brain, frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobe, cerebral and cortical gray and white matter, cerebellum, lateral ventricle, and third ventricle were measured in biological, non-affected parents of autistic probands (19 couples) and in healthy, closely matched control subjects (20 couples).Results. No significant differences were found between the parents of the autistic probands and healthy control couples in any of the brain volumes. Adding gender as a factor in a second analysis did not reveal a significant interaction effect of gender by group.Conclusions. The present sample of biological, non-affected parents of autistic probands did not show brain enlargements. As the intracranium is not enlarged, it is unlikely that the brain volumes of the parents of autistic probands have originally been enlarged and have been normalized. Thus, increased brain volume in autism might be caused by the interaction of paternal and maternal genes, possibly with an additional effect of environmental factors, or increased brain volumes might reflect phenotypes of autism.

scholarly journals Decreased brain volumes in infants with prenatal opioid exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dietrich ◽  
Zoe Guckien ◽  
MaKayla Picklesimer ◽  
Christina Sparks ◽  
David Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cerebellar Volume ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Brain

Background/Objective: Previous small studies have shown that prenatal opioid-exposed (POE) infants and older children display decreased cerebral, cerebellar, or subcortical brain volumes. However, these studies are plagued by suboptimal reference standards or were unable to correct for the influence of other environmental factors in older children. Therefore, our goal was to study differences in brain volume of POE infants when compared to a geographically matched population. We hypothesized that there will be a significant decrease in total brain volume of the POE infants in comparison to the non-opioid exposed control infants, including a reduction in the cerebellar volume.    Methods: This was an IRB approved prospective study of mothers and infants with POE and controls without POE. All recruited infants underwent MRI scans of the brain before they reached a corrected age of 2 months. The T1-weighted MRI images were analyzed by Infant FreeSurfer and segmented into ROIs. The segmentations were manually checked and edited. An ANOVA analysis was performed to compare the cerebellar and total brain volume datasets. We corrected for gender, corrected gestational age at MRI scan, and total brain volume where necessary.     Results: 42 infants were included in the study, 21 with POE and 21 control infants. There was a significant difference in the mean gestational age of POE infants (38.28±2.13) compared to control infants (39.42±0.72). On quantitative analysis, the POE group had a significantly reduced total brain and supratentorial volume in comparison to the controls. The cerebellar volume was also significantly smaller in POE, but this significance did not persist when the total brain volume was included in the model.     Conclusion: The supratentorial region is affected disproportionately more than the cerebellum in POE. Specific reductions in cortical, subcortical, and white matter volume need to be further investigated and their influence on developmental outcomes need to be studied. 

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations Between Brain Volume and Knee Extension Peak Torque

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Osawa ◽  
Qu Tian ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Stephanie A Studenski ◽  
Susan M Resnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

Abstract Background Muscle strength and brain volume decline with aging; changes in the brain manifested as change in volume may play a role in age-related strength loss, but this hypothesis has never been tested longitudinally. We examined longitudinal associations between brain volume changes and knee extension peak torque change in participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Methods Brain volumes and isokinetic concentric knee extension peak torque at 30 deg/s were measured in 678 participants (55.2% women; baseline age, 50.1–97.2 years; median follow-up time in those who visited two or more times (n = 375, 4.0 [interquartile range {IQR}, 2.3–5.0] years). Correlations between longitudinal changes in brain volumes and knee extension peak torque were examined using bivariate linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for baseline age, sex, race, education, and intracranial volume. Results Greater decline in muscle strength was associated with greater atrophies in global gray matter, temporal lobe, frontal gray matter, temporal gray matter, superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and occipital pole (r ranging from .30 to .77, p &lt; .05). After multiple comparison adjustment, only larger decrease in middle temporal gyrus remained significantly related to larger decrease in muscle strength (q = 0.045). Conclusions In older adults, declines in knee extension muscle strength co-occurred with atrophies in frontal, temporal, and occipital gray matter. These findings support the idea that age-related knee extension muscle strength is linked with atrophy in some specific brain regions related to motor control.

scholarly journals Mediterranean-type diet and brain structural change from 73 to 76 years in a Scottish cohort

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Luciano ◽  
Janie Corley ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Maria C. Valdés Hernández ◽  
Leone C.A. Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Lower Adherence

Objective:To assess the association between Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) and change in brain MRI volumetric measures and mean cortical thickness across a 3-year period in older age (73–76 years).Methods:We focused on 2 longitudinal brain volumes (total and gray matter; n = 401 and 398, respectively) plus a longitudinal measurement of cortical thickness (n = 323), for which the previous cross-sectional evidence of an association with the MeDi was strongest. Adherence to the MeDi was calculated from data gathered from a food frequency questionnaire at age 70, 3 years prior to the baseline imaging data collection.Results:In regression models adjusting for relevant demographic and physical health indicators, we found that lower adherence to the MeDi was associated with greater 3-year reduction in total brain volume (explaining 0.5% of variance, p < 0.05). This effect was half the size of the largest covariate effect (i.e., age). Cross-sectional associations between MeDi and baseline MRI measures in 562 participants were not significant. Targeted analyses of meat and fish consumption did not replicate previous associations with total brain volume or total gray matter volume.Conclusions:Lower adherence to the MeDi in an older Scottish cohort is predictive of total brain atrophy over a 3-year interval. Fish and meat consumption does not drive this change, suggesting that other components of the MeDi or, possibly, all of its components in combination are responsible for the association.

Longitudinal Changes in Individual BrainAGE in Healthy Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Franke ◽  
Christian Gaser
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Brain

We recently proposed a novel method that aggregates the multidimensional aging pattern across the brain to a single value. This method proved to provide stable and reliable estimates of brain aging – even across different scanners. While investigating longitudinal changes in BrainAGE in about 400 elderly subjects, we discovered that patients with Alzheimer’s disease and subjects who had converted to AD within 3 years showed accelerated brain atrophy by +6 years at baseline. An additional increase in BrainAGE accumulated to a score of about +9 years during follow-up. Accelerated brain aging was related to prospective cognitive decline and disease severity. In conclusion, the BrainAGE framework indicates discrepancies in brain aging and could thus serve as an indicator for cognitive functioning in the future.

scholarly journals Signal quality as Achilles’ heel of graph theory in functional magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Baijot ◽  
Stijn Denissen ◽  
Lars Costers ◽  
Jeroen Gielen ◽  
Melissa Cambron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
Fmri Signal ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Local Brain

AbstractGraph-theoretical analysis is a novel tool to understand the organisation of the brain.We assessed whether altered graph theoretical parameters, as observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), reflect pathology-induced restructuring of the brain's functioning or result from a reduced signal quality in functional MRI (fMRI). In a cohort of 49 people with MS and a matched group of 25 healthy subjects (HS), we performed a cognitive evaluation and acquired fMRI. From the fMRI measurement, Pearson correlation-based networks were calculated and graph theoretical parameters reflecting global and local brain organisation were obtained. Additionally, we assessed metrics of scanning quality (signal to noise ratio (SNR)) and fMRI signal quality (temporal SNR and contrast to noise ratio (CNR)). In accordance with the literature, we found that the network parameters were altered in MS compared to HS. However, no significant link was found with cognition. Scanning quality (SNR) did not differ between both cohorts. In contrast, measures of fMRI signal quality were significantly different and explained the observed differences in GTA parameters. Our results suggest that differences in network parameters between MS and HS in fMRI do not reflect a functional reorganisation of the brain, but rather occur due to reduced fMRI signal quality.

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