scholarly journals On the immunocytochemical localization of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
L I Larsson ◽  
J M Polak ◽  
R Buffa ◽  
F Sundler ◽  
E Solcia
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Exact Localization ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactive nerves and endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of a number of mammalian and submammalian species has been examined in order to throw light on the exact localization of this peptide. Seven out of 8 VIP antisera demonstrated numerous nerve fibers in the gut, whereas one antiserum (TR2) revealed only scattered, few nerve fibers. The distribution of endocrine cells demonstrated by the different VIP antisera varied considerably. Thus, some antisera demonstrated only endocrine cells in the feline antrum, others only colonic endocrine cells and still others only endocrine cells of the upper gut and pancreas. The variability in staining pattern of endocrine cells as well as recent radioimmunological data makes it opportune to suggest that true VIP is a neuronal peptide and that endocrine cells store peptides resembling, but not being identical with, VIP (VIPoids).

An immunocytochemical study of regulatory peptides in the amphibian gastrointestinal tract

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. J. Buchan
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

Samples from the gastrointestinal tract of two urodele and eight anuran species were investigated by immunocytochemical methods for the presence of structures immunoreactive with a range of antisera raised to the mammalian regulatory peptides. The regulatory peptides involved were gastrin, cholecystokinin, motilin, secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic glucagon, enteroglucagon, glicentin, neurotensin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, Met-enkephalin, bombesin, and β-endorphin. In the majority of the species investigated, immunoreactive epithelial endocrine cells were demonstrated with the antisera to somatostatin, gastrin, enteroglucagon, and neurotensin. Motilin-containing cells were observed in a single species, Ambystoma mexicanum. Of the peptides detected within the mammalian innervation, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, Met-enkephalin, and β-endorphin immunoreactive nerve fibres were seen. The distribution of the immunoreactive nerves differed significantly with species. Bombesin immunoreactivity was not seen within the innervation, although a population of endocrine cells was detected within the corpus of several species. No immunoreactivity was observed with the antisera to secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, or pancreatic polypeptide in the species investigated.

scholarly journals A Light and Electron Microscopic Immunohistochemical Study of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide— And Substance P-Containing Nerve Fibers along the Cerebral Blood Vessels: Comparison with Aminergic and Cholinergic Nerve Fibers

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Itakura ◽  
Takashi Okuno ◽  
Kazuo Nakakita ◽  
Ichiro Kamei ◽  
Yutaka Naka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Muscle Control ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cholinergic Nerve Fibers ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)– and substance P–containing nerve fibers were observed in the cerebral blood vessels using an immunohistochemical technique. VIP-containing nerve fibers distributed in a spiral pattern, similar to that of muscle cells. Under electron microscopic observation, VIP-immunoreactive terminals lay close to a muscle cell in the inner layer of the adventitia. In contrast, substance P–containing nerve fibers showed a meshwork pattern in the outer layer of the adventitia. Using both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining and VIP immunohistochemistry, AChE-positive and VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers revealed almost the same distribution in the same specimen. The present data suggest that VIP-containing nerve fibers may play a role in the smooth muscle control of the blood vessels, whereas substance P–containing nerve fibers may not take part in muscle control.

scholarly journals Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) in the Intestinal Mucosal Nerve Fibers in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rychlik ◽  
Sławomir Gonkowski ◽  
Jarosław Całka ◽  
Krystyna Makowska
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Adaptive Reactions ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of enteropathies with nonspecific chronic symptoms and poorly understood etiology. Many aspects connected with IBD are not understood. One of them is the participation of the intestinal nervous system in the development of pathological processes. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate changes in the density of intramucosal nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)—one of the most important intestinal nervous factors caused by the various stages of IBD development. Mucosal biopsy specimens collected from the duodenum, jejunum and descending colon of healthy dogs and dogs with varied severity of IBD were included in the experiment. The density of VIP-like immunoreactive (VIP-LI) nerves was determined by a single immunofluorescence technique and a semi-quantitative method consisting in VIP-LI fiber counts in the field of view (0.1 mm2). The obtained results indicate that IBD induces changes in the density of mucosal VIP-LI nerve fibers in the canine gastrointestinal tract. The initial decrease is followed by an increase in VIP-like immunoreactivity in successive stages of the disease. These observations show that VIP is a neuronal factor that participates in the pathological processes connected with canine IBD. The observed changes probably result from the neuroprotective and/or adaptive properties of VIP. Protective and adaptive reactions induced by inflammation aim to protect the GI tract against damage by proinflammatory factors and ensure the homeostasis in the enteric nervous system (ENS) under the conditions changed by the disease process.

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