An Investigation into the In situ Preparation of Hetero Bifunctional Monochlorotriazinyl-Vinyl Sulphone Reactive Dyes for Cotton

An attempt has been made in in-situ preparation and application of two isomers (para and meta) of aminophenyl-b-sulphatoethyl sulphone reagents (PABSES and MABSES) with three dichlorotriazinyldyes i.e. CI Reactive Orange 86, CI Reactive Red 11 and CI Reactive Blue 168 to generate mixed hetero bifunctional dyes in dye bath. Dyeing results when compared with similar targeted type of commerciallyavailable Sumifix Supra dyes were found not up to the mark. Build up properties of all in situ prepared dyes were lower except for few light depth of shades as compared to preformed commercial Sumifix Supradyes. This could be because of inefficient condensation of dichlorotriazinyl dyes with the aminophenyl- b-sulphatoethyl sulphone. However, meta isomer of aminophenyl-b-sulphatoethyl sulphone appeared tobe more effective than the para isomer.

Silicalite-1, an adsorbent for 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorophenols

The adsorption of the three chlorophenol isomers, ortho, meta and para, by silicalite-1 has been studied at 30 °C, below the solubility (at the same temperature) in water. Large differences, up to 30 times, have been observed between the adsorption of the para- vs. the ortho-isomer. The difference of behavior observed between the isomers is assigned to the tendency to self-organization of the para-isomer. It seems probable that the adsorption sites are at the intersection channels. From a technical point of view, silicalite-1 seems a competitive adsorbent for p-chlorophenol.

The Para-Isomer of Nitric Oxide-Donating Acetylic Salicylic Acid (p-NO-ASA) Effectively Induces Cell Death in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Cells at Low Micromolar Concentrations.

Introduction: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL is characterized by an accumulation of mature, non functional B cells. We and others have shown that WNT/β-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling appears to be constitutively activated in these cells. Furthermore, it is already long known that several compounds related to the non-steroidal antiinflamnmatory drugs (NSAID) can inhibit CTNNB1 stability and/or function. However, so far clinical studies with such substances generated disappointing results which is likely to the fact that therapeutic plasma concentrations could not be reached without producing significant toxicities. Recently, nitric oxide donating derivatives of acetylic salicylic acid (NO-ASA) have been shown to be well tolerated in humans. In addition NO-ASA could disrupt complexation of CTNNB1 and TCF-4 in vitro, whereas the latter belongs to the transcription factors which posses a central function in mediating WNT signaling. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the para- and meta-isomers of NO-ASA selectively induce apoptosis in CLL cells. Methods: Primary CLL cells as well as healthy peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) were treated with varying concentrations of p- and m-NO-ASA for different time periods. Cytotoxicity was assessed by microscopic cell viability testing and an ATP assay. Induction of apoptosis was investigated by immunoblotting of PARP, caspases 3 and 9. Further, CTNNB1 protein amount was measured by immunoblotting and expression of WNT effector proteins like cyclin D1 (CCND1), C-MYC and LEF-1 was evaluated with immunoblot analysis as well. Results: The meta-isoform of NO-ASA did not have any effect on CLL cells whereas the para-isomer showed a selective cytotoxic effect. Mean lethal concentration (LC50) values were 4.83 μM and 4.64 μM in CLL cells, respectively. LC50 values for healthy controls were more than 25-fold higher. Immunoblot analysis revealed that p-NO-ASA cleaves PARP; caspase 3 and caspase 9, decreases CTNNB1 protein levels and downregulates WNT pathway target genes in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusion: Our findings show that the para- but not the meta-isomer of NO-ASA induces caspase-mediated apoptosis by inhibition of WNT signaling in CLL cells. NO-ASA, consisting of a traditional molecule of ASA where the NO moiety is covalently bound via a spacer, has been shown to exhibit a lower gastric toxicity than traditional NSAIDs. Therefore p-NO-ASA might be a valuable compound for the treatment of CLL. More investigations of the exact mechanism of action and the specific difference between the positional isomers are indicated.

Chloration de l'acétanilide et de la benzanilide en présence des cyclodextrines et de l'amylose

The ratio of ortho to para isomers in chlorination of acetanilide and benzanilide is changed in favour of the para isomer when the reactants are entrapped in cyclodextrins or amylose. The dissociation constant and the time-averaged position of acetanilide in the α-cyclodextrin cavity have been determined by proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Surface photochemistry: the amide Photo-Fries rearrangement

The Photo-Fries rearrangement of eight anilides on the surface of dry silica gel has been examined. The rearrangement occurs quite cleanly, giving somewhat more of the para isomer than that obtained in methanolic solution. A test for intermolecularity on the silica gel surface showed that, as in solution, the radical pair intermediates do not separate. This contrasts with the behaviour of a previously reported dibenzyl ketone derivative.