Smart grid, load management and dynamic pricing for electricity: Simulation results from a field project in Switzerland

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Antonioli Mantegazzini ◽  
Alessandro Giusti
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Load Optimization ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grid Load

The electricity sector is in transition towards a market where the roles of the operators and institutional actors are changing. The rise in production from renewable energy sources is determining a move from a centrally, fossil-fuel generation to a local distributed one with, among the other things, implications in terms of volatility, intermittency and reserve ‘backup’ capacity. This renewed and challenging scenario represents the basis for the Swiss2Grid pilot project. Its main objective is the development of an innovative approach for the grid load management based on the adoption of an active algorithm (Household Appliance Controller (HAC)) located on individual homes – then decentralized – governed by simple network rules. The goal is to reduce the level of complexity of the system, flattering at the same time the peak load curve. This load optimization is intended also having positive effects in terms of consumers’ bills expenditure. The amount of potential costs reduction of selected consumers, associated with a load shifting by HAC, has been estimated for several price scenario hypothesis, sketched in order to find the price scheme that better fits to the new consumption’s profile. In detail, we tested time constant rates as well as time variable ones, from flat rates to real prices. This project has indeed given us the opportunity to investigate about the use – and the actual advantages – of real-time prices for electricity combined with enabling technologies and on the new roles of utilities and Distribution System Operators (DSOs).

scholarly journals Intelligent Dynamic Pricing Scheme for Demand Response in Brazil Considering the Integration of Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4839
Author(s):  
Diego B. Vilar ◽  
Carolina M. Affonso
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Improve Algorithm

This paper proposes a novel dynamic pricing scheme for demand response with individualized tariffs by consumption profile, aiming to benefit both customers and utility. The proposed method is based on the genetic algorithm, and a novel operator called mutagenic agent is proposed to improve algorithm performance. The demand response model is set by using price elasticity theory, and simulations are conducted based on elasticity, demand, and photovoltaic generation data from Brazil. Results are evaluated considering the integration effects of renewable energy sources and compared with other two pricing strategies currently adopted by Brazilian utilities: flat tariff and time-of-use tariff. Simulation results show the proposed dynamic tariff brings benefits to both utilities and consumers. It reduces the peak load and average cost of electricity and increases utility profit and load factor without the undesirable rebound effect.

scholarly journals Analysis of Challenges Due to Changes in Net Load Curve in South Korea by Integrating DERs

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Chi-Yeon Kim ◽  
Chae-Rin Kim ◽  
Dong-Keun Kim ◽  
Soo-Hwan Cho
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Load Pattern ◽  
Net Load

The development of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) is essential in accordance with the mandatory greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction policies, resulting in many DERs being integrated into the power system. Currently, South Korea is also focusing on increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and EV by 2030 to reduce GHGs. However, indiscriminate DER development can give a negative impact on the operation of existing power systems. The existing power system operation is optimized for the hourly net load pattern, but the integration of DERs changes it. In addition, since ToU (Time-of-Use) tariff and Demand Response (DR) programs are very sensitive to changes in the net load curve, it is essential to predict the hourly net load pattern accurately for the modification of pricing and demand response programs in the future. However, a long-term demand forecast in South Korea provides only the total amount of annual load (TWh) and the expected peak load level (GW) in summer and winter seasons until 2030. In this study, we use the annual photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity, PV generation, and the number of EV based on the target values for 2030 in South Korea to predict the change in hourly net load curve by year and season. In addition, to predict the EV charging load curve based on Monte Carlo simulation, the EV users’ charging method, charging start time, and State-of-Charge (SoC) were considered. Finally, we analyze the change in hourly net load curve due to the integration of PV and EV to determine the amplification of the duck curve and peak load time by year and season, and present the risks caused by indiscriminate DERs development.

Impact of Peak and Valley Period Partition on Load Curve of Distribution System with EV

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1344-1349
Author(s):  
Zhen Fu Zhang ◽  
Xiao Qing Huang ◽  
Bo Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Time Instant ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
The Impact

Large-scale adoption of electric vehicles may impose impact on grid. In order to formulate the appropriate scheme of time-of-use (TOU) to lower the adverse effect of charging load on the power grid, it is necessary to analyze the impact of the peak-valley period partition on the load curve of distribution system with electric vehicles. The electric vehicle charging load model considering TOU was built according to the statistics of the driving habits. Several scenarios were set according to different period partitions and the changes of the load at start time of valley period, numerical value and moment of peak load and peak-valley differences were analyzed with the Monte Carlo simulation method under those scenarios. The simulation results show that the farther between the time instant of peak load and start moment of valley period the less impact it has on load curve of distribution system.

scholarly journals RES and ES Integration in Combination with Distribution Grid Development Using MILP

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Mateusz Andrychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Load Curtailment

In the paper, a new method of long-term planning of operation and development of the distribution system, taking into account operational aspects such as power flows, power losses, voltage levels, and energy balances, is presented. The developed method allows for the allocation and selection of the power of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), control of energy storage (ES), curtailing of RES production (EC), and the development of the distribution grid (GD). Different types of RES and loads are considered, represented by generation/demand profiles reflecting their typical operating conditions. RES allocation indicates the node in the distribution system and the power level for each type of RES that may be built. Energy storage (ES) allows generation to be transferred from the demand valley to the peak load. Curtailment of RES generation indicates the moment and level of power by which generation will be reduced, while the grid development (GD) determines between which network nodes a new power line should be built. All these activities allow to minimize the costs of planning work and development of the distribution system at a specific level of energy consumption from RES in the analyzed distribution system using a Mixed Integer-Linear Programming (MILP).

scholarly journals Optimizing the time of use tariff with different scenarios of load management

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (K7) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Binh Thi Thanh Phan ◽  
Qui Minh Le ◽  
Cuong Viet Vo
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Demand Response Program ◽  
Unit Of Measurement ◽  
Effective Instrument

Demand Response program is applied in many countries as an effective instrument to regulate the electricity consumption. In this program, time of use (TOU) tariff is used widely. Optimal TOU pricing according to different objectives was mentioned in this paper such as peak load reduction, improving load curve, energy conservation, avoiding a new peak load. This is a problem with multiobjective functions in different unit of measurement and is solved by PSO algorithm. An example to find optimal TOU tariff for one utility is also presented in this paper.

Economic and environmental aspects of Smart Grid technologies implementation in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Oleksandra V. Kubatko ◽  
Diana O. Yaryomenko ◽  
Mykola O. Kharchenko ◽  
Ismail Y. A. Almashaqbeh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment

Interruptions in electricity supply may have a series of failures that can affect banking, telecommunications, traffic, and safety sectors. Due to the two-way interactive abilities, Smart Grid allows consumers to automatically redirect on failure, or shut down of the equipment. Smart Grid technologies are the costly ones; however, due to the mitigation of possible problems, they are economically sound. Smart grids can't operate without smart meters, which may easily transmit real-time power consumption data to energy data centers, helping the consumer to make effective decisions about how much energy to use and at what time of day. Smart Grid meters do allow the consumer to track and reduce energy consumption bills during peak hours and increase the corresponding consumption during minimum hours. At a higher level of management (e.g., on the level of separate region or country), the Smart Grid distribution system operators have the opportunity to increase the reliability of power supply primarily by detecting or preventing emergencies. Ukraine's energy system is currently outdated and cannot withstand current loads. High levels of wear of the main and auxiliary equipment of the power system and uneven load distribution in the network often lead to emergencies and power outages. The Smart Grid achievements and energy sustainability are also related to the energy trilemma, which consists of key core dimensions– Energy Security, Energy Equity, and Environmental Sustainability. To be competitive in the world energy market, the country has to organize efficiently the cooperation of public/private actors, governments, economic and social agents, environmental issues, and individual consumer behaviors. Ukraine gained 61 positions out of 128 countries in a list in 2019 on the energy trilemma index. In general, Ukraine has a higher than average energy security position and lower than average energy equity, and environmental sustainability positions. Given the fact that the number of renewable energy sources is measured in hundreds and thousands, network management is complicated and requires a Smart Grid rapid response. Keywords: economic development, Smart Grid, electricity supply, economic and environmental efficiency.

scholarly journals Price-Based Demand Side Response Programs and Their Effectiveness on the Example of TOU Electricity Tariff for Residential Consumers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Jerzy Andruszkiewicz ◽  
Józef Lorenc ◽  
Agnieszka Weychan
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Residential Electricity ◽  
Demand Side Response ◽  
Residential Consumers

Demand side response is becoming an increasingly significant issue for reliable power systems’ operation. Therefore, it is desirable to ensure high effectiveness of such programs, including electricity tariffs. The purpose of the study is developing a method for analysing electricity tariff’s effectiveness in terms of demand side response purposes based on statistical data concerning tariffs’ use by the consumers and price elasticity of their electricity demand. A case-study analysis is presented for residential electricity consumers, shifting the settlement and consequently the profile of electricity use from a flat to a time-of-use tariff, based on the comparison of the considered tariff groups. Additionally, a correlation analysis is suggested to verify tariffs’ influence of the power system’s peak load based on residential electricity tariffs in Poland. The presented analysis proves that large residential consumers aggregated by tariff incentives may have a significant impact on the power system’s load and this impact changes substantially for particular hours of a day or season. Such efficiency assessment may be used by both energy suppliers to optimize their market purchases and by distribution system operators in order to ensure adequate generation during peak load periods.

scholarly journals A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kumar Roy ◽  
Marco Pau ◽  
Ferdinanda Ponci ◽  
Antonello Monti
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
The State ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Dc Distribution ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Distribution Grids

Direct Current (DC) grids are considered an attractive option for integrating high shares of renewable energy sources in the electrical distribution grid. Hence, in the future, Alternating Current (AC) and DC systems could be interconnected to form hybrid AC-DC distribution grids. This paper presents a two-step state estimation formulation for the monitoring of hybrid AC-DC grids. In the first step, state estimation is executed independently for the AC and DC areas of the distribution system. The second step refines the estimation results by exchanging boundary quantities at the AC-DC converters. To this purpose, the modulation index and phase angle control of the AC-DC converters are integrated into the second step of the proposed state estimation formulation. This allows providing additional inputs to the state estimation algorithm, which eventually leads to improve the accuracy of the state estimation results. Simulations on a sample AC-DC distribution grid are performed to highlight the benefits resulting from the integration of these converter control parameters for the estimation of both the AC and DC grid quantities.

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