scholarly journals RES and ES Integration in Combination with Distribution Grid Development Using MILP

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Mateusz Andrychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Load Curtailment

In the paper, a new method of long-term planning of operation and development of the distribution system, taking into account operational aspects such as power flows, power losses, voltage levels, and energy balances, is presented. The developed method allows for the allocation and selection of the power of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), control of energy storage (ES), curtailing of RES production (EC), and the development of the distribution grid (GD). Different types of RES and loads are considered, represented by generation/demand profiles reflecting their typical operating conditions. RES allocation indicates the node in the distribution system and the power level for each type of RES that may be built. Energy storage (ES) allows generation to be transferred from the demand valley to the peak load. Curtailment of RES generation indicates the moment and level of power by which generation will be reduced, while the grid development (GD) determines between which network nodes a new power line should be built. All these activities allow to minimize the costs of planning work and development of the distribution system at a specific level of energy consumption from RES in the analyzed distribution system using a Mixed Integer-Linear Programming (MILP).

scholarly journals Optimal Asset Planning for Prosumers Considering Energy Storage and Photovoltaic (PV) Units: A Stochastic Approach

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Achiluzzi ◽  
Kirushaanth Kobikrishna ◽  
Abenayan Sivabalan ◽  
Carlos Sabillon ◽  
Bala Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Battery Energy

In the distribution system, customers have increasingly use renewable energy sources and battery energy storage systems (BESS), transforming traditional loads into active prosumers. Therefore, methodologies are needed to provide prosumers with tools to optimize their investments and increase business opportunities. In this paper, a stochastic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation is proposed to solve for optimal sizes of prosumer assets, considering the use of a BESS and photovoltaic (PV) units. The objective is to minimize the total cost of the system, which is defined as the combination of a solar PV system investment, BESS investment, maintenance costs of assets, and the cost of electricity supplied by the grid. The developed method defines the optimal size of PV units, the power/energy capacities of the BESS, and the optimal value for initial energy stored in the BESS. Both deterministic and stochastic approaches were explored. For each approach, the proposed model was tested for three cases, providing a varying combination of the use of grid power, PV units, and BESS. The optimal values from each case were compared, showing that there is potential to achieve more economic plans for prosumers when PV and BESS technologies are taken into account.

scholarly journals A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kumar Roy ◽  
Marco Pau ◽  
Ferdinanda Ponci ◽  
Antonello Monti
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
The State ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Dc Distribution ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Distribution Grids

Direct Current (DC) grids are considered an attractive option for integrating high shares of renewable energy sources in the electrical distribution grid. Hence, in the future, Alternating Current (AC) and DC systems could be interconnected to form hybrid AC-DC distribution grids. This paper presents a two-step state estimation formulation for the monitoring of hybrid AC-DC grids. In the first step, state estimation is executed independently for the AC and DC areas of the distribution system. The second step refines the estimation results by exchanging boundary quantities at the AC-DC converters. To this purpose, the modulation index and phase angle control of the AC-DC converters are integrated into the second step of the proposed state estimation formulation. This allows providing additional inputs to the state estimation algorithm, which eventually leads to improve the accuracy of the state estimation results. Simulations on a sample AC-DC distribution grid are performed to highlight the benefits resulting from the integration of these converter control parameters for the estimation of both the AC and DC grid quantities.

Analysing integration issues of the microgrid system with utility grid network

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Mulualem Tesfaye ◽  
Baseem Khan ◽  
Om Prakash Mahela ◽  
Hassan Haes Alhelou ◽  
Neeraj Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Utility Grid

Abstract Generation of renewable energy sources and their interfacing to the main system has turn out to be most fascinating challenge. Renewable energy generation requires stable and reliable incorporation of energy to the low or medium voltage networks. This paper presents the microgrid modeling as an alternative and feasible power supply for Institute of Technology, Hawassa University, Ethiopia. This microgrid consists of a 60 kW photo voltaic (PV) and a 20 kW wind turbine (WT) system; that is linked to the electrical distribution system of the campus by a 3-phase pulse width modulation scheme based voltage source inverters (VSI) and supplying power to the university buildings. The main challenge in this work is related to the interconnection of microgrid with utility grid, using 3-phase VSI controller. The PV and WT of the microgrid are controlled in active and reactive power (PQ) control mode during grid connected operation and in voltage/frequency (V/F) control mode, when the microgrid is switched to the stand-alone operation. To demonstrate the feasibility of proposed microgrid model, MATLAB/Simulink software has been employed. The performance of fully functioning microgrid is analyzed and simulated for a number of operating conditions. Simulation results supported the usefulness of developed microgrid in both mode of operation.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Energy Cooperatives Operating on the Capacity Market

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Jakub Jasiński ◽  
Mariusz Kozakiewicz ◽  
Maciej Sołtysik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Capacity Market

The European Green Deal aims to make Europe the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 by shifting to a clean circular economy, combating biodiversity loss and reducing pollution levels. In Poland, whose economy invariably remains one of the most dependent on coal consumption in Europe, institutional responses to the above EU objectives have taken the shape of energy cooperatives aimed at filling the gaps in the development of the civic dimension of energy on a local scale and the use of potential renewable energy sources in rural areas, including in relation to the agricultural sector. This article is a continuation of the authors’ previous research work, which has so far focused on the analysis of the development of profitability of Polish institutions that fit into the European idea of a “local energy community”, which includes energy cooperatives. In this research paper, they present the results of subsequent research work and analyses performed on the basis of it which, on the one hand, complement the previously developed optimization model with variables concerning actual energy storage and, on the other hand, analyze the profitability of the operation of energy cooperatives in the conditions of the “capacity market”. The latter was actually introduced in Poland at the beginning of 2021. The research took account of the characteristics of energy producers and consumers in rural areas of Poland, the legally defined rules for the operation of the capacity market and the institutional conditions for the operation of energy cooperatives that can use the potential of energy storage. A dedicated mathematical model in mixed integer programming technology was used, enriched with respect to previous research, making it possible to optimize the operation of energy cooperative with the use of actual energy storage (batteries). Conclusions from the research and simulation show that the installation of energy storage only partially minimizes the volume of energy drawn from the grid in periods when fees related to the capacity market are in force (which should be avoided due to higher costs for consumers). The analysis also indicates that a key challenge is the proper parameterization of energy storage.

scholarly journals Adequacy Assessment of Wind Integrated Generating Systems Incorporating Demand Response and Battery Energy Storage System

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiashen Teh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Generating System

The demand response and battery energy storage system (BESS) will play a key role in the future of low carbon networks, coupled with new developments of battery technology driven mainly by the integration of renewable energy sources. However, studies that investigate the impacts of BESS and its demand response on the adequacy of a power supply are lacking. Thus, a need exists to address this important gap. Hence, this paper investigates the adequacy of a generating system that is highly integrated with wind power in meeting load demand. In adequacy studies, the impacts of demand response and battery energy storage system are considered. The demand response program is applied using the peak clipping and valley filling techniques at various percentages of the peak load. Three practical strategies of the BESS operation model are described in this paper, and all their impacts on the adequacy of the generating system are evaluated. The reliability impacts of various wind penetration levels on the generating system are also explored. Finally, different charging and discharging rates and capacities of the BESS are considered when evaluating their impacts on the adequacy of the generating system.

scholarly journals An Overview of Bidirectional AC-DC Grid Connected Converter Topologies for Low Voltage Battery Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaspars Kroics ◽  
Oleksandr Husev ◽  
Kostiantyn Tytelmaier ◽  
Janis Zakis ◽  
Oleksandr Veligorskyi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Converter Topologies ◽  
Battery Energy

<p>Battery energy storage systems are becoming more and more popular solution in the household applications, especially, in combination with renewable energy sources. The bidirectional AC-DC power electronic converter have great impact to the overall efficiency, size, mass and reliability of the storage system. This paper reviews the literature that deals with high efficiency converter technologies for connecting low voltage battery energy storage to an AC distribution grid. Due to low voltage of the battery isolated bidirectional AC-DC converter or a dedicated topology of the non isolated converter is required. Review on single stage, two stage power converters and integrated solutions are done in the paper.</p>

scholarly journals Energy Storage System Integration with Wind Generation for Primary Frequency Support in the Distribution Grid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Zambrana Vargas ◽  
José Calixto Lopes ◽  
Juan C. Colque ◽  
José L. Azcue ◽  
Thales Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Primary Frequency

With the significant increase in the insertion of wind turbines in the electrical system, the overall inertia of the system is reduced resulting in a loss of its ability to support frequency. This is because it is common to use variable speed wind turbines, based on the Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), which are coupled to the power grid through electronic converters, which do not have the same characteristics as synchronous generators. Thus, this paper proposes the use of the DFIG-associated Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to support the primary frequency. A control strategy was developed, and important factors such as charging and discharging current limitations and operation within battery limits were considered. Time domain simulations have been proposed to study a distribution system containing a wind turbine, showing the advantages of BESS over frequency disturbances.

scholarly journals An Improved SOC Control Strategy for Electric Vehicle Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Wanli Wang ◽  
Licheng Wang ◽  
Liwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Soc Control

In this paper, we propose an optimized power distribution method for hybrid electric energy storage systems for electric vehicles (EVs). The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) uses two isolated soft-switching symmetrical half-bridge bidirectional converters connected to the battery and supercapacitor (SC) as a composite structure of the protection structure. The bidirectional converter can precisely control the charge and discharge of the SC and battery. Spiral wound SCs with mesoporous carbon electrodes are used as the energy storage units of EVs. Under the 1050 operating conditions of the EV driving cycle, the SC acts as a “peak load transfer” with a charge and discharge current of 2isc~3ibat. An improved energy allocation strategy under state of charge (SOC) control is proposed, that enables SC to charge and discharge with a peak current of approximately 4ibat. Compared with the pure battery mode, the acceleration performance of the EV is improved by approximately 50%, and the energy loss is reduced by approximately 69%. This strategy accommodates different types of load curves, and helps improve the energy utilization rate and reduce the battery aging effect.

scholarly journals Cluster Analysis of Distribution Grids in Baden-Württemberg

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 4016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Rösch ◽  
Peter Treffinger
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Grid Construction ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Regenerative Energy ◽  
Distribution Grids

With the growing share of renewable energies in the electricity supply, transmission and distribution grids have to be adapted. A profound understanding of the structural characteristics of distribution grids is essential to define suitable strategies for grid expansion. Many countries have a large number of distribution system operators (DSOs) whose standards vary widely, which contributes to coordination problems during peak load hours. This study contributes to targeted distribution grid development by classifying DSOs according to their remuneration requirement. To examine the amendment potential, structural and grid development data from 109 distribution grids in South-Western Germany, are collected, referring to publications of the respective DSOs. The resulting data base is assessed statistically to identify clusters of DSOs according to the fit of demographic requirements and grid-construction status and thus identify development needs to enable a broader use of regenerative energy resources. Three alternative algorithms are explored to manage this task. The study finds the novel Gauss-Newton algorithm optimal to analyse the fit of grid conditions to regional requirements and successfully identifies grids with remuneration needs. It is superior to the so far used K-Means algorithm. The method developed here is transferable to other areas for grid analysis and targeted, cost-efficient development.

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