scholarly journals Classic cases revisited – Death of a nurse and the anatomy of error

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Sud ◽  
Piotr Szawarski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

The tragic case of Mayra Cabrera who died as a result of wrong route drug administration is notable as it was the first time a verdict of unlawful killing was recorded against an NHS Trust. Error within medicine is a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality. We explore the costs of error, the dynamics of error causation, the role of both the individual and institution in accountability for error, as well as transferrable lessons from other industries to reduce error.

scholarly journals Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Jagels ◽  
Viktoria Lindemann ◽  
Sebastian Ulrich ◽  
Christoph Gottschalk ◽  
Benedikt Cramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Analytical Standards ◽  
Respective Species

The genus Stachybotrys produces a broad diversity of secondary metabolites, including macrocyclic trichothecenes, atranones, and phenylspirodrimanes. Although the class of the phenylspirodrimanes is the major one and consists of a multitude of metabolites bearing various structural modifications, few investigations have been carried out. Thus, the presented study deals with the quantitative determination of several secondary metabolites produced by distinct Stachybotrys species for comparison of their metabolite profiles. For that purpose, 15 of the primarily produced secondary metabolites were isolated from fungal cultures and structurally characterized in order to be used as analytical standards for the development of an LC-MS/MS multimethod. The developed method was applied to the analysis of micro-scale extracts from 5 different Stachybotrys strains, which were cultured on different media. In that process, spontaneous dialdehyde/lactone isomerization was observed for some of the isolated secondary metabolites, and novel stachybotrychromenes were quantitatively investigated for the first time. The metabolite profiles of Stachybotrys species are considerably influenced by time of growth and substrate availability, as well as the individual biosynthetic potential of the respective species. Regarding the reported adverse effects associated with Stachybotrys growth in building environments, combinatory effects of the investigated secondary metabolites should be addressed and the role of the phenylspirodrimanes re-evaluated in future research.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of vipoxin and its components: is the acidic component an “inhibitor” of PLA2 toxicity?

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil N. Atanasov ◽  
Silviya Stoykova ◽  
Yana Goranova ◽  
Mariana Mitewa ◽  
Svetla Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Acidic Component ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Vipoxin is a heterodimeric neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the Bulgarian long-nosed viper Vipera ammodytes meridionalis. Vipoxin represents a noncovalent association of two subunits - a basic and toxic phospholipase A2 enzyme, and an acidic nonenzymatic component (vipoxin’s acidic component). It was postulated that the phospholipase A2 subunit was more toxic than the whole vipoxin complex and the function of the acidic component was to reduce the enzymatic and toxic activities of the basic phospholipase A2. In the present study, we report new data on the acute toxicity (LD50) of vipoxin and its individual separated components. Vipoxin LD50 (mice, i.p. and i.v.) values were found to be 0.7-1.2 mg/kg b.w. (i.p.) and 0.9-1.3 mg/kg b.w. (i.v.). The established LD50 values for the separated pure phospholipase A2 subunit are higher - 10.0-13.0 mg/kg b.w (i.p.) and 2.2-3.0 mg/kg b.w. (i.v.), i.e. the individual phospholipase A2 subunit displays less toxic activity than vipoxin, contrary to the data published in the literature. The reconstituted vipoxin complex (obtained after preliminary incubation of pure separated phospholipase A2 and acidic component showed enzyme activity and toxicity comparable to that of the native vipoxin complex. Addition of acidic component to the phospholipase A2 subunit showed a positive effect on the enzymatic activity, reaching maximal enzyme reaction rate of acidic component to phospholipase A2 molar ratio of 0.8:1 on using 4-nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid as substrate. For the first time we showed that the acidic subunit was absolutely required for the toxic activity of vipoxin. Based on the obtained results, we assume that the function of the acidic component is to stabilize the neurotoxin’s quaternary structure, required for its toxic and enzymatic activities, similarly to the role of the acidic component of crotoxin.

Ergology of Western Polissian folk reed pipes

Ethnomusic ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-131
Author(s):  
Victoriya Yarmola ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Specific Production ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Longitudinal Splitting ◽  
The Core ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

In the publication, a technological system of traditional whistling reed pipes produced by folk artists, widespread in Western Polissia, is revealed for the first time in a step-by-step process. The proposed exploration is based on its expeditionary records and material collected by various folklorists and employ- ees of Kyiv and Lviv research institutions, as well as some literary sources. 131 The existence of three types of nozzle instruments, the names of which correspond to the methods of their production: a pipe made from bark, a vykrutka and kolianka are established. Western Polissian folk reed pipes belong to the type of longitudinal whis- tle flutes with an internal cleft formed by the insertion of the whistling device at the upper end of the tube, and with holes placed on the front, sometimes on the back of the instrument. Whistle airphones have specific production features, according to the age group of masters: shepherd children, teens and adults. The easiest to manufacture among the discovered pipe instruments are ones made of bark, which had been previously removed from the branches of bush trees. In the process of removing the bark shepherds told special spells, which were recorded by the author on the researched area. The following two types of tools were made of wood: a kolianka in the form of a longitudinal splitting of the branch into two equal parts, a vykrutka - a screwing out the core of pine wood, which required a masters knowledge of certain empirical and professional skills. The folk pipe instruments played the role of a musical instrument, which corresponded to the individual artistic and aesthetic test of the flute maker and served as an integral part of the Polisian shepherd's everyday life

scholarly journals Using the Biology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia to Choose Treatment

Hematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hillmen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Targeted Approach

AbstractIn recent years, our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has advanced significantly. It is now clear that CLL is a relatively proliferative disorder that requires the help of its microenvironment to be maintained and to progress. The stimulation of the CLL cell occurs in most, if not all, patients through antigen stimulation via the BCR. In addition, there is now a clearer appreciation of the role of the p53 pathway leading to chemoresistance. These insights are allowing a more targeted approach with the use of p53-independent drugs such as mAbs and high-dose steroids to overcome genetically poor-risk CLL. The elucidation of the molecular and intracellular signaling mechanisms of disease is just beginning to facilitate the development of several targeted small molecules that promise to revolutionize the treatment of CLL. The measurement of the level of minimal residual disease (MRD) in CLL is becoming more available, facilitating approaches in which the aim of therapy is the eradication of detectable MRD. This also promises to improve personalization of therapy to the individual. Recently, the addition of rituximab to fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide (FCR) has improved overall survival in CLL for the first time, and it appears that this will only be the first small step on the path to much more effective therapies and, hopefully, less toxic targeted therapies.

Gendered Genocide

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-107
Author(s):  
Raya Morag
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
Forced Marriage ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Traumatic History ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
First Time

The remarkable gendered renaissance of post–Khmer Rouge (KR) New Cambodian Cinema is evidenced in recent years through first- and second- generation post-traumatic films. This article analyzes one prominent example—Lida Chan and Guillaume P. Suon’s Noces Rouges (Red Wedding, Cambodia/France, 2012)—showing how the Cambodian genocide is for the first time dealt with as a gendered genocide, breaking the taboo issues of forced marriage (a unique form of genocide in the world) and rape. A detailed analysis of Red Wedding describes how the meaning of forced marriage and rape is framed by both the cinema and the relevant national and international discourses embodied by the KR tribunal (also known as the ECCC) and the controversies its proceedings caused. The article compares the cinematic testimony per se and that testimony transferred into legal testimony in court to reflect on the role of cinema in promoting women’s history. Furthermore, it raises highly controversial subjects, such as how to analyze the layers of gendered silencing surrounding both women’s traumatic history and women perpetrators of these sexual crimes; the influence of former KR cadres within current Cambodian society; and the necropolitical function of the killing fields as “truth spaces.” Female testimony, putting forth necrophagic ethics, ultimately becomes the foundation of traumatic history. The conclusion suggests that these intense, embodied first-generation memories resist remembering and instead continue to haunt the individual and the collective; it thus proposes some reflections on the unique role of gendered cinema in healing post- traumatic society in a postgenocide era.

scholarly journals Interpersonal dependence and differential types of reflection in students – boys and girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
O. V. Myloslavska
Keyword(s):  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
National University ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

The article presents results of the study of interpersonal dependence in the context of reflection as a necessary condition for personal autonomy and the mechanism of constructing and organizing a life perspective in adolescence. The psychological content of the phenomenon of interpersonal dependence is revealed, its destructive influence on the personality is emphasized, the positive role of reflection as a factor of actualization of the autonomy of the individual and the neutralization of interpersonal dependence is substantiated. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship of interpersonal dependence and differential types of reflection in students – boys and girls. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that in the work for the first time the peculiarities of the functioning of interpersonal dependence and differential types of reflection on the students were determined, differences in the structure of the interrelationship between these phenomena in students – boys and girls were analyzed. The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory by R. M. A. Hirschfeld, Relationship Profile Test by R. F. Bornstein (both – in an adaptation by O. P. Makushina) and Differential Test of Reflexivity by D. A. Leontiev and E. M. Osin were applied to solve empirical problems. The sample consisted of 96 students of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The first group included of 45 boys, the second – 51 girls. For the mathematical processing of data the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used. It has been established that in both groups an increase in the propensity to unproductive types of reflection is a potential for the development of manifestations of interpersonal dependence. Both boys and girls, with increased introspection, there is an aggravation of destructive overdependence. It was also found that in young men the increase in such manifestations of interpersonal dependence, such as the need for emotional reliance on others, lack of self-confidence, and dependence in general, occurs along with the actualization of the tendency to introspection, while in girls – with the actualization of the tendency to quasi-reflection, together with than in these subjects, destructive overdependence grows. It should be noted that healthy dependence is involved in relationships with the differential types of reflection only in the group of girls, in which its severity increases with increasing ability to systemic reflection and inhibition of quasi-reflection. Results can be used for gender specification of psychological programs for the prevention and correction of interpersonal dependence in the students age. It is noted that the prospect of further research is to study the psychological characteristics that may act as inhibitors of interpersonal dependence in adolescence.

scholarly journals To the problem of "polyphony of consciousness" in the context of the aesthetics of constructivism

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Katerina Ishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Music Literature ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is to trace the peculiarities of the phenomenon of "polyphony of consciousness" as one of the main patterns of artistic thinking of the early twentieth century, which became widespread in various arts and reflected artistic and aesthetic trends of such a bright movement of the first avant-garde as constructivism. On the examples of music, literature, theater, cinema, fine art to reveal this phenomenon as an important manifestation of the aesthetics of constructivism. In selected works of art, to identify and consider characteristics of the musical text polyphonic techniques, which in turn have been widely used and reflected the individual stylistic features of representatives of different spheres of creativity of the period. The methodological basis of this study is a comprehensive approach, which contains historical and cultural, stylistic, and holistic methods of analysis. The theoretical method acquires special significance among them, as it is aimed at identifying the principles of writing in various fields of art. The scientific novelty of this work is based on the originality of the generalized study of the phenomenon of "polyphony of consciousness". This phenomenon is being considered as an important manifestation of the aesthetics of constructivism, based on the examples of music, literature, theater, cinema, and fine arts. Such an understanding of the implementation of the polyphonic principles of writing in the context of such an artistic movement as constructivism is undertaken for the first time in Ukrainian musicology. Conclusions. Experiments and searches of the artists of the early twentieth century in the fields of expression, content, composition, and language that "provoked" the development of stylistic pluralism in all spheres of art, strengthened the role of polyphonic principles of writing, and, more broadly, artistic thinking. Polyphonic techniques find their place in the trends of the aesthetics of constructivism, going beyond the musical texture and penetrating into all kinds of art. Polyphony and its principle of combining self-developing lines, voices, and layers, was perhaps the most important means of artistic reflection of the contradictions of the world, as well as the direction of the search in the field of content and means of expression.

scholarly journals Compositional content of English musical and rock opera texts: linguistic aspect

XLinguae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Venera Alpysbayeva ◽  
Togzhan Ospanova ◽  
Beishenaliev Almazbek ◽  
Tony Dimitrova Shekerdzhieva-Novak ◽  
Begalinova Gulnar
Keyword(s):  
Active Member ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Speech Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Linguistic Aspect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rock Opera

Every day, every active member of society deals with various types of media, interacts with other people, is engaged in cognitive activities while falling under the influence of external factors that influence a person’s consciousness, thinking, and behavior. All these processes take place in a communication situation, in which the individual inevitably becomes a participant when interacting with the outside world. One of the goals of research in the field of communicative linguistics is to identify and formulate criteria for ensuring the success (consistency) of speech interaction. Our research is devoted to the study of the linguistic problem of the text, which is proposed to be considered on the example of a musical and rock opera text as an element of a particular communicative phenomenon - musical and poetic discourse. The relevance of the work is based on the importance of the role of the linguistic component in the process of creating and perceiving the lyrics of a number of modern musical styles, which are currently one of the actively used tools for conveying information to the mass audience and influencing both the communicative activity of an everyday person and his worldview. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the fact that for the first time, it analyzes a previously unexplored linguistic phenomenon - the linguistic, musical, and rock opera texts. The uniqueness of the study lies in the fact that the theoretical and practical aspects of the functioning of texts are analyzed, the previously existing interpretations of this concept are systematically considered and based on our interpretation of this term, for the first time, an analysis is carried out concerning the corresponding type of discourse

Adjustment of Couples Following Childbirth

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Velotti ◽  
Rosetta Castellano ◽  
Giulio Cesare Zavattini
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

This study focuses on the changes in perception of dyadic adjustment following childbirth and on the role of attachment (as a risk or protection factor) in the way partners adjust to this stressful event. Four attachment configurations were analyzed which emerged from the concordance or discordance between the “generalized” and the “specific” states of mind in the individual, and a longitudinal and cross-sectional study on N = 206 participants (104 “new-parents” and 102 “nonparents by choice”) was then implemented. These results showed that individuals who became parents had lower dyadic adjustment levels than nonparents (Lrtest = 395.03; p < .001). This decline in values seemed to be more pronounced for the “affectional expression” subscale (b = −3.69) and suggests that in our sample the expression of love toward a partner might be particularly subject to stress due to the arrival of a child. Considering the role played in the attachment configuration of each individual, a significant effect upon InsecureGEN/InsecureSPEC individuals was found (p = .015). This then would seem to indicate that these individuals might be more vulnerable to perceiving worse adjustment levels during the transition to first-time parenthood.

The Role of Incumbency, Ethnicity, and New Parties in Electoral Volatility in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-322
Author(s):  
Lukáš Linek ◽  
Oľga Gyárfášová
Keyword(s):  
Exit Poll ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Electoral Volatility ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

This paper analyzes electoral volatility in the 2020 Slovak elections at the level of individual voters using exit poll surveys. The availability of exit polls from the previous elections of 2012 and 2016 allows us to put the 2020 election in context and analyze the patterns (and deviances from them) observed across the three elections. Furthermore, the paper summarizes the aggregate volatility since 1992, demonstrating a high level of net volatility with peaks of over 30 percent. As for the individual level, the analysis concentrates on three important issues in volatility research: (1) vote losses of government parties and the incumbent effect; (2) the role of new parties in mobilization of previous non-voters and first-time voters; (3) since Slovakia is a country with a significant Hungarian minority, special attention is given to vote switching by Hungarian voters and more general patterns of ethnic voting.

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